Trigger Points and Muscle Chains

 

Description:

Relief for your patients with musculoskeletal pain...

This unique guide takes an in-depth look at trigger point therapy. Divided into two sections – Functional Muscle Chains and Trigger Points and Their Treatment – this book combines detailed theory with tried and practical techniques.

The text covers the basics of functional muscle chains and the origin of myofascial pain arising from the musculoskeletal system, for example, due to poor posture. The reader will learn how various stretching exercises augment the myofascial therapy methods.

Anatomic drawings and liberal use of photographs in this book will help the reader to localize the trigger points and the associated pain areas.

Praise for the first edition:

"The information is brief but to the point; there is little wasted space so that the book is packed with information that can immediately be put into action." Doody's Review

Key Features:

Various models of muscle chains introduced and described

Detailed explanations of trigger points and their treatment

New chapters about posture and influence of gravity, as well 46 new and redrawn illustrations, now totaling approximately 300, included in this new edition

"Ticklish" and erogenous zones mapped out to help prevent unintended side effects of treatment

Trigger Points and Muscle Chains, second edition, is an essential tool for osteopaths, physical therapists, and all practitioners involved in pain therapy.

 

Split into two sections, it combines detailed theory with practical techniques. You will find comprehensive information on a broad spectrum of topics such as myofascial chains, the craniosacral model, and the classification, diagnosis, and therapy of trigger points. Highlights: Different models of muscle chains Detailed explanations of trigger points and their treatment Over 260 instructive illustrations and high-quality photographs Featuring input from various different specialties, this outstanding book is an essential tool for osteopaths, physiotherapists, chiropractors using trigger point therapy, and all others working in pain therapy. A clear layout and detailed anatomical drawings allow you to quickly improve your therapeutic skills. The result: accurate and effective pain therapy!

 

Table of Contents:

 

A Muscle Chains

1 Introduction

2 Models for Myofascial Chains

2.1 Herman Kabat (1950): Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation

Motion Patterns

Application Modalities

Observations

2.2 Godelieve Denys-Struyf

Classification of the Five Muscle Chains

2.3 Thomas W. Myers

“Anatomy Trains” (Myofascial Meridians)

Myofascial Chains According to T. Myers

2.4 Leopold Busquet

Muscle Chains

Myofascial Chains According to Busquet

Functions of the Myofascial Muscle Chain

2.5 Paul Chauffour: Mechanical Link in Osteopathy

Paul Chauffour’s Biomechanical Chains

2.6 Summary of Myofascial Chain Models

3 Physiology

3.1 Connective Tissue

Cells

Intercellular Substance

Connective Tissue Supply

“Creep” Phenomenon

3.2 Muscles

3.3 Fasciae

Functions of Fasciae

Manifestations of Fascial Disorders

Evaluation of Fascial Tensions

Causes of Musculoskeletal Dysfunctions

Genesis of Myofascial Disorders

Pain Patterns

3.4 Vegetative Innervation of Organs

3.5 Irvin M. Korr

Significance of Somatic Dysfunctions of the Spine for the Entire Organism

Role of the Spinal Cord

Role of the Autonomic Nervous System

Significance of Nerves for Trophism

3.6 Sir Charles Sherrington

Inhibition of Antagonists or Reciprocal Innervation (or Inhibition)

Postisometric Relaxation

Temporal and Spatial Summation

Successive Induction

3.7 Harrison H. Fryette

Lovett’s Laws

Fryette’s Laws

Gait as a Global Functional Motion Pattern

Gait Analysis

Muscle Activity while Walking

Conclusion

4 The Craniosacral Model

4.1 William G. Sutherland

4.2 Biomechanics of the Craniosacral System

4.3 Motions and Dysfunctions of the Craniosacral Mechanism

Flexion–Extension

Torsion

Sidebending–Rotation

Vertical and Lateral Strain

Compression Dysfunction in the Sphenobasilar Synchondrosis

Intraossal Dysfunctions

Sacrum Dysfunctions

4.4 Impact of Cranial Dysfunctions and Malpositions on the Periphery

5 The Biomechanical Model of John Martin Littlejohn: Mechanics of the Spine

5.1 History

5.2 “Mechanics of the Spine” and the Body’s Lines of Force

Central Gravity Line

Anterior Body Line

Anteroposterior Line

Two Posteroanterior Lines

5.3 Polygon of Forces

5.4 Arches, Pivots, and Double Arches

Arches

Pivots

Double Arches

5.5 Specific Adjusting Technique as per Dummer

History

Procedure

Three Units

6 Postural Muscles, Phasic Muscles, and Crossed Syndrome: Vladimir Janda’s Contributions to Myofascial Treatment Methods

6.1 Posture

6.2 Motor Function

6.3 Postural Muscle Fibers (Red Fibers)

6.4 Phasic Muscle Fibers (White Fibers)

6.5 Muscles That Tend toward Contraction

6.6 Muscles That Tend toward Weakening

6.7 Crossed Syndrome

Upper Crossed Syndrome

Lower Crossed Syndrome

6.8 Practical Implications

7 Zink Patterns

7.1 The Composition of Zink Patterns

Occipitoatlantoaxial Complex

Superior Thorax Aperture

Inferior Thoracic Aperture

Pelvis

7.2 Practical Applications of the Zink Pattern

Occipitoatlantal Axis

Superior Thorax Aperture

Inferior Thorax Aperture

Pelvis

8 Myofascial Chains: A Model

8.1 Muscle Chains

Flexion Chain

Extension Chain

8.2 Summary and Conclusion about Flexion and Extension Chains

Flexion Chain

Extension Chain

8.3 Torsion

8.4 Special Characteristics of Some Muscles and Muscle Chains

Sternocleidomastoid

Scalene Muscles

Diaphragm

Iliopsoas Muscle

Hip Rotators

Summary

9 Posture

9.1 Factors Impacting Posture

9.2 Impact of Gravity on the Locomotor System

9.3 Hinge Zones

9.4 Maintaining Equilibrium

Practical Relevance

Posture Receptors

Summary: Maintaining Equilibrium

9.5 Examination

Method

Posture Analysis

Differentiation: Parietal–Visceral–Cranial

Examination of Posture Receptors

Conclusion

9.6 Leg Length Differences

Leg Length Differences and Posture Changes of Pelvis and Spine

Symptoms of Leg Length Differences and Impact on Musculoskeletal System

Diagnosing Leg Length Differences

Should Leg Length Differences be Corrected?

Conclusion

10 Diagnostics

10.1 Anamnesis

10.2 Examination

Observation

Palpation

Motion Tests

11 Therapy

11.1 Muscle Energy Techniques

Definition

Indications and Contraindications

Prerequisites for Optimal Muscle Energy Technique Application

Technical Prerequisites and Enhancers for Muscle Energy Techniques

Muscle Energy Technique Variants

Physiologic Principles

11.2 Myofascial Release Techniques

11.3 Neuromuscular Technique

11.4 Myofascial Release Technique with Ischemic Compression

B Trigger Points: Diagnosis and Treatment

12 Definition

13 Classification of Trigger Points

14 Pathophysiology of Trigger Points

15 Diagnosing Trigger Points

16 Trigger Point Therapy

17 Trigger Point Perpetuating Factors

18 Facilitated Segments

19 Trigger Points

19.1 Head and Neck Pain: Related Muscles

Trapezius Muscle

Sternocleidomastoid Muscle

Masseter Muscle

Temporal Muscle

Lateral Pterygoid Muscle

Medial Pterygoid Muscle

Digastric Muscle

Orbicular Muscle of Eye, Greater Zygomatic Muscle, Platysma Muscle

Occipitofrontal Muscle

Splenius Muscle of Head and Splenius Muscle of Neck

Semispinal Muscle of Head, Semispinal Muscle of Neck, Multifidus Muscles

Rectus Capitis Posterior Major and Minor Muscles, Inferior and Superior Oblique Muscles of Head

Stretching the Lateral Cervical and Nuchal Muscles

19.2 Upper Thorax, Shoulder, and Arm Pain: Related Muscles

Levator Muscle of Scapula

Scalene Muscles

Supraspinous Muscle

Infraspinous Muscle

Teres Minor Muscle

Stretching the External Shoulder Rotators

Teres Major Muscle

Latissimus Dorsi Muscle

Stretching the Lateral Side of the Trunk

Subscapular Muscle

Rhomboid Muscles

Deltoid Muscle

Coracobrachial Muscle

Biceps Muscle of Arm

Stretching the Biceps Muscle of Arm

Brachial Muscle

Triceps Muscle of Arm

Anconeus Muscle

19.3 Elbow and Finger Pain: Related Muscles

Brachioradial Muscle

Long Radial Extensor Muscle of Wrist

Short Radial Extensor Muscle of Wrist

Ulnar Extensor Muscle of Wrist

Extensor Muscle of Fingers

Extensor Muscle of Index Finger

Supinator Muscle

Stretching the Lower Arm Extensors

Long Palmar Muscle

Radial Flexor Muscle of the Wrist

Ulnar Flexor Muscle of Wrist

Superficial Flexor Muscle of Fingers

Deep Flexor Muscle of Fingers

Long Flexor Muscle of Thumb

Pronator Teres Muscle

Stretching the Lower Arm Flexors

Adductor Muscle of Thumb

Opposing Muscle of Thumb

Abductor Muscle of Little Finger

Interosseous Muscles of Hand

19.4 Upper Trunk Pain: Related Muscles

Greater Pectoral Muscle

Smaller Pectoral Muscle

Subclavius Muscle

Stretching the Pectoral Muscles

Sternal Muscle

Superior Posterior Serratus Muscle

Inferior Posterior Serratus Muscle

Anterior Serratus Muscle

Erector Muscle of Spine

Stretching the Autochthonous Back Muscles

Rectus Abdominis Muscle, Internal and External Oblique Muscles of Abdomen, Transverse Abdominal Muscle, Pyramidal Muscle

Stretching the Abdominal Muscles

19.5 Lower Trunk Pain: Related Muscles

Quadratus Lumborum Muscle

Stretching the Lateral Side of the Trunk

Iliopsoas Muscle

Stretching the Hip Flexors and Gluteal Muscles

Muscles of the Pelvic Floor

Gluteus Maximus Muscle

Gluteus Medius Muscle

Gluteus Minimus Muscle

Piriform Muscle

Stretching the Piriform Muscle

19.6 Hip, Upper Leg, and Knee Pain: Related Muscles

Tensor Fasciae Latae Muscle

Sartorius Muscle

Pectineal Muscle

Quadriceps Muscle of Thigh

Stretching the Quadriceps Muscle of Thigh

Gracilis Muscle

Long Adductor Muscle

Short Adductor Muscle

Great Adductor Muscle

Stretching the Short Hip Adductors

Stretching the Long Hip Adductors

Biceps Muscle of Thigh

Semitendinous Muscle

Semimembranous Muscle

Stretching the Ischiocrural Muscles

Popliteal Muscle

19.7 Lower Leg, Ankle, and Foot Pain: Related Muscles

Anterior Tibial Muscle

Posterior Tibial Muscle

Long Peroneal Muscle

Short Peroneal Muscle

Third Peroneal Muscle

Gastrocnemius Muscle

Soleus Muscle

Plantar Muscle

Stretching the Calf Muscles

Long Extensor Muscle of Toes

Long Extensor Muscle of Great Toe

Long Flexor Muscle of Toes

Long Flexor Muscle of Great Toe

Short Extensor Muscle of Toes

Short Extensor Muscle of Great Toe

Abductor Muscle of Great Toe

Short Flexor Muscle of Toes

Abductor Muscle of Little Toe

Quadratus Plantae Muscle

Dorsal Interosseous Muscles of Foot

Plantar Interosseous Muscles

Adductor Muscle of Great Toe

Short Flexor Muscle of Great Toe

20 Bibliography

21 Illustration Credits

22 List of Abbreviations

Index

 

An aparitie	11 Jan. 2019
Autor	Philipp Richter, Eric Hebgen
Dimensiuni	26.92 x 19.56 cm
Editura	Thieme
Format	Hardcover
ISBN	9783132413511
Limba	Engleza
Nr pag	272
Versiune digitala	DA