Therapeutic Exercise

 

Description:

This updated 4th Edition of Therapeutic Exercise does more than provide a listing of exercises—it builds practice preparedness and clinical reasoning skills by focusing on the rationale behind exercise selections and progressions.    Now in striking full color and more accessible than ever, the text emphasizes return to function, aligns with the most recent ICF framework, and reflects the latest strategies in physical therapy.   This edition continues to show readers how to use therapeutic exercise and related interventions to close the gap between current and desired performance, while incorporating new research and updated pedagogy.

 

Table of Contents:

 

Unit 1: Foundation of Therapeutic Exercise

Chapter 1: Introduction to Therapeutic Exercise and the Model of Functioning and Ability

Definition of Physical Therapy

Therapeutic Exercise Intervention

The Language of Health: Abilities and Disabilities

Terminology of the Biopsychosocial Model of Functioning and Disability

International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health

Part 1: Functioning and Disability

Part 2: Contextual Factors

Application of the Model to Physical Therapist Practice

Health Conditions

Impairments of Body Functions and Structures

Activity Limitations, Participation Restrictions, and Quality of Life

Contextual Factors and Interventions

Prevention and the Promotion of Health, Wellness, and Fitness

Summary

Key Points

Chapter 2: Patient Management

Patient Management Model

Examination

Evaluation

Diagnosis

Prognosis and Plan of Care

Intervention

Outcome

Modification

Clinical Decision-Making

Therapeutic Exercise Intervention

Therapeutic Exercise Intervention Model

Summary

Exercise Modification

Adjunctive Interventions

Key Points

Chapter 3: Strategies for Improving Therapeutic Exercise Outcomes

Patient Education: Definition and Scope

Key Components of Patient-Related Instruction

Patient–Clinician Communication

Patient-Related Instruction in Home Exercise Prescription

Cognitive Domain: Informing and Educating

Affective Domain: Adherence and Motivation

Psychomotor Domain: Motor Learning

Applications: Home Exercise Prescription

Considerations in Exercise Prescription

Determining Exercise Levels

Formulating the Program

Key Points

Chapter 4: Prevention and the Promotion of Health, Wellness, and Fitness

The Context for Primary Prevention

Definitions

Prevention, Health Promotion, and Health Education

Physical Fitness, Exercise, and Physical Activity

Wellness, Lifestyle, and Quality of Life

Measurement of Wellness

Health Promotion and Wellness-Based Practices

From Illness to Wellness

The Use of Screening as an Examination Tool Within a Wellness-Based Practice

Starting a Wellness-Based Practice

Physical Well-Being: Physical Activity Programs

Conducting Health-Related Physical Fitness Assessments

Establishing Physical Activity Interventions

Key Points

Unit 2: Impairments of Body Functions and Therapeutic Exercise

Chapter 5: Impaired Muscle Performance

Definitions

Strength

Power and Work

Endurance

Muscle Actions

Physical Factors Affecting Muscle Performance

Fiber Type

Fiber Diameter

Muscle Size

Force–Velocity Relationship

Length–Tension Relationship

Muscle Architecture

Clinical Considerations

Dosage

Program Design

Training Specificity

Neurologic Adaptation

Muscle Fatigue

Muscle Soreness

Life Span Considerations

Cognitive Aspects of Performance

Effects of Alcohol

Effects of Medications

Causes of Decrease Muscle Performance

Neurologic Pathology

Muscle Strain

Disuse and Deconditioning

Length-Associated Changes

Physiologic Adaptations to Training

Strength and Power

Endurance

Examination and Evaluation of Muscle Performance

Classification of Resistance Exercise

Isometric Exercise

Dynamic Exercise

Methods of Resistance Training

Manual Resistance

Pulley System

Variable Resistance Machines

Elastic Resistance

Free Weights

Isokinetic Devices

Body Weight

Therapeutic Exercise Intervention for Impaired Muscle Performance

Program Initiation

Program Progression

Therapeutic Exercise Intervention for Prevention, Health Promotion, and Wellness

Dosage for Strength Training

Dosage for Power Training

Plyometric Exercise

Dosage for Endurance Training

Dosage for the Advanced or Elite Athlete

Precautions and Contraindications

Key Points

Chapter 6: Impaired Aerobic Capacity/Endurance

Aerobic Capacity and Endurance

Definitions

Normal and Abnormal Responses to Acute Aerobic Exercise

Physiologic and Psychological Adaptations to Cardiorespiratory Endurance Training

Causes of Impaired Aerobic Capacity/Rehabilitation Indications

Examination/Evaluation of Aerobic Capacity

Patient/Client History

Systems Review

Screening Examination

Tests and Measures

Therapeutic Exercise Intervention

Mode

Dosage

Precautions and Contraindications

Graded Exercise Testing Contraindications and Supervision Guidelines

Supervision During Exercise

Patient-Related Instruction/Education and Adjunctive Interventions

Life Span Issues

Guidelines for Cardiovascular Endurance Training in the Young

Guidelines for Cardiovascular Endurance Training in the Elderly

Key Points

Chapter 7: Impaired Range of Motion and Joint Mobility

Continuum of Mobility

Morphology and Physiology of Normal Mobility

Immobility, Immobilization, and Remobilization

Mobility Examination and Evaluation

Range of Motion Intervention For Impaired Mobility

Subsystems of the Movement System

Considerations in Choosing Mobility Activities

Range of Motion

Stretching

Indications

Principles and Considerations in Stretching

Neurophysiology of Stretching

Static Stretching

Ballistic Stretching

Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Stretching

Dynamic Stretching

Effects of Stretching

Stretching and Joint Contractures

Joint Mobilization to Increase Mobility

Biomechanics of Joint Mobilization

Mobilization Grades

General Procedures

Applications to Specific Joints

Neural Mobility

Self-Mobilization

Mobility Exercise Dosage

Sequence

Frequency, Intensity, and Duration

Hypomobility Exercise Precautions and Contraindications

Causes and Effects of Hypermobility

Therapeutic Exercise Intervention for Hypermobility

Stabilization Exercises

Exercise Dosage

Hypermobility Exercise Precautions and Contraindications

Lifespan Issues

Adjunctive Agents

Key Points

Chapter 8: Impaired Balance and Mobility

Definitions

Physiology of Balance

Biomechanical Contributions

Contributions of the Sensory Systems

Neural Integration and Processing of Sensory Information

Generating Motor Output—Movement Strategies

Control of Walking—Navigation

Higher-Level Influences

Causes of Impaired Balance

Examination and Evaluation of Impaired Balance and Mobility

Biomechanical Domain

Sensory Strategies Domain

Movement Strategies Domain

Dynamic Control Domain

Cognitive Domain

Affective Domain

Determining Risk for Falling

Treating Impaired Balance

Diagnosis and Prioritization

Customization

Environmental Context

Mode

Motor Learning

Intervention Strategies for Specific Systems—Examples

Sequencing Considerations

Feedback

Expanded Ecological Model of Balance Rehabilitation

Precautions and Contraindications

Patient Education

Falls—A Significant Problem

Effects of Training on Balance

Key Points

Chapter 9: Impaired Posture and Movement

Definitions

Posture

Standard Posture

Deviations in Posture

Movement

Contributors to Impaired Posture and Movement

Range of Motion

Muscle Length

Joint Mobility

Muscle Performance

Pain

Anatomic Impairments and Anthropometric Characteristics

Psychologic Impairments

Lifespan Considerations

Environmental Influences

Examination and Evaluation

Posture

Movement

Intervention

The Movement System

Activity and Dosage

Patient-Related Instruction and Adjunctive Interventions

Key Points

Chapter 10: Pain

Definitions

Physiology of Pain

Sources of Pain

Pain Pathways

Pain Theory

Examination and Evaluation

Pain Scales

McGill Pain Questionnaire

Disability and Health-Related Quality of Life Scales

Therapeutic Exercise Intervention for Pain

Acute Pain

Chronic Pain

Therapeutic Exercise Guidelines for Patients with Chronic Pain

Adjunctive Agents

Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation

Heat

Cold

Medication

Special Considerations in Chronic Pain: Complex Regional Pain Syndrome, Fibromyalgia, and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome

Fibromyalgia Syndrome

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Therapeutic Exercise Interventions for Common Impairments

Impaired Muscle Power Functions

Exercise Tolerance Functions: Impaired Aerobic Capacity

Mobility of Joint Functions: Impaired Range of Motion

Muscle Endurance Functions: Impaired Posture

Emotional Functions: Impaired Response to Emotional Stress

Precautions and Contraindications

Pacing

Pharmacological and Psychological Intervention

Key Points

Unit 3: Special Physiologic Considerations in Therapeutic Exercise

Chapter 11: Soft-Tissue Injury and Postoperative Management

Physiology of Connective Tissue Repair

Microstructure of Connective Tissues

Response to Loading

Phases of Healing

Principles of Treating Connective Tissue Injuries

Restoration of Normal Tissue Relationships

Optimal Loading

Specific Adaptations to Imposed Demands

Preventing Complications

Management of Impairments Associated with Connective Tissue Dysfunction and Localized Inflammation

Sprain: Injury to Ligament and Capsule

Strain: Musculotendinous Injury

Application of Treatment Principles

Tendinopathy

Articular Cartilage Injury

Contusion

Management of Impairments Associated with Fractures

Classification of Fractures

Application of Treatment Principles

Management of Impairments Associated with Bony and Soft-Tissue Surgical Procedures

Soft-Tissue Procedures

Bony Procedures

Management of Impairments Associated with Joint Arthroplasty

Key Points

Chapter 12: Therapeutic Exercise for Arthritis

Pathology

Osteoarthritis

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Exercise Recommendations for Prevention and Wellness in OA and RA

Therapeutic Exercise Intervention For Common Impairments

Pain and Fatigue

Impaired Mobility and ROM

Impaired Muscle Performance

Impaired Aerobic Capacity

Special Considerations in Exercise Prescription and Modification

Patient Education

Key Points

Chapter 13: Therapeutic Exercise in Obstetrics

Physiologic Changes Related to Pregnancy

Endocrine System

Cardiovascular System

Respiratory System

Musculoskeletal System

Therapeutic Exercise Intervention in Pregnancy

Uncomplicated Antepartum Pregnancy

High-Risk Antepartum

Therapeutic Exercise Intervention for Common Impairments

Nerve Compression Syndromes

Other Impairments

Therapeutic Exercise Intervention for Wellness in Pregnancy

Precautions and Contraindications

Exercise Guidelines

Exercise Intensity

Exercise Classes

Key Points

Unit 4: Sample Specialties of Therapeutic Exercise Intervention

Chapter 14: Kinetic Chain Applications in Functional Movement

Understanding the Kinetic Chain

Posture and Alignment

Muscle Performance

Neuromuscular Control

Examination and Evaluation

Qualitative Examination

Quantitative Examination

Choosing Therapeutic Movements to Enhance Kinetic Chain Function

Applying Therapeutic Movement

Key Points

Chapter 15: Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation

History and Background

Philosophy and Principles of PNF

PNF Physiology and Applied Concepts

Research in PNF to Increase Muscle Length

Research in PNF to Improve Muscle Performance

PNF Procedures

Manual Therapeutic Exercise Using PNF Procedures

Evaluation and Treatment Implementation

Direct Treatment

Indirect Treatment

Manual Therapeutic Exercise Using PNF Techniques

Movement

Stability

Flexibility

Key Points

Chapter 16: Aquatic Therapeutic Exercise

Physical Properties of Water

Buoyancy

Hydrostatic Pressure

Viscosity

Physiologic Responses to Immersion

Effects of Hydrostatic Pressure

Effects of Water Temperature

Physiologic Responses to Exercise While Immersed

Examination and Evaluation for Aquatic Rehabilitation

Therapeutic Exercise Intervention

Mobility Impairment

Muscle Strength/Power/Endurance Impairment

Balance Impairment

Aquatic Rehabilitation to Treat Activity Limitations

Coordinating Land and Water Activities

Patient-Related Education

Precautions/Contraindications

Key Points

Unit 5: Functional Approach to Therapeutic Exercise of the Lower Extremities

Chapter 17: The Lumbopelvic Region

Review of Anatomy and Kinesiology

Myology

Gait

Examination and Evaluation

Patient History

Screening Examination

Tests and Measures

Therapeutic Exercise Intervention for Common Impairments of Body Functions

Aerobic Capacity Impairment

Balance and Coordination Impairment

Muscle Performance Impairment

Range of Motion, Muscle Length, and Joint Mobility

Pain

Posture and Movement Impairment

Therapeutic Exercise Intervention for Common Diagnoses

Lumbar Disk Herniation

Spinal Stenosis

Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis

Key Points

Chapter 18: The Pelvic Floor

Review of Anatomy and Kinesiology

Skeletal Muscles

Pelvic Diaphragm Muscles

Pelvic Floor Function

Physiology of Micturition

Impairments of Body Structures

Birth Injury

Neurologic Dysfunction

Impairments of Mental Functions

Motivation

Sexual Abuse

Examination/Evaluation

Risk Factors

Screening Questionnaires

Results of the Internal Examination

Patient Self-Assessment Tests

Ultrasound Imaging for PFM Dysfunction

Therapeutic Exercise Interventions for Common Physiologic Impairments

Impaired Muscle Performance

Active PFEs

Pain

Joint Mobility and Range of Motion (Including Muscle Length) Impairments

Posture Impairment

Coordination Impairment

Clinical Classifications of Pelvic Floor Muscle Dysfunction

Underactive PFM

Overactive PFM

Incoordination Dysfunction

Visceral Dysfunction

Therapeutic Exercise Interventions for Common Diagnoses

Incontinence

Pelvic Organ Prolapse

Chronic Pelvic Pain

Levator Ani Syndrome

Coccygodynia

Vulvodynia

Vaginismus

Nonrelaxing Puborectalis Syndrome

Dyspareunia

Adjunctive Interventions

Biofeedback

Basic Bladder Training

Scar Mobilization

Externally Palpating the Pelvic Floor Muscles

Key Points

Chapter 19: The Hip

Impairments of Body Structures

Angles of Inclination and Torsion

Center Edge Angle or Angle of Wiberg

Leg Length Discrepancy

Cam and Pincer Morphology

Examination and Evaluation

History

Lumbar Spine Clearing Examination

Other Clearing Tests

Gait and Balance

Joint Mobility and Integrity

Muscle Performance

Pain and Inflammation

Posture and Movement

Range of Motion and Muscle Length

Work (Job/School/Play), Community, and Leisure Integration or Reintegration (Including Instrumental Activities of Daily Living)

Special Tests

Therapeutic Exercise Interventions for Common Physiologic Impairments

Pain

Muscle Performance

ROM, Muscle Length, Joint Mobility, and Integrity Impairments

Balance

Posture and Movement Impairment

Therapeutic Exercise Interventions for Common Diagnoses

Osteoarthritis

Iliotibial Band–Related Diagnoses

Nerve Entrapment Syndromes

Key Points

Chapter 20: The Knee

Review of Anatomy and Kinesiology

Anatomy

Kinematics

Kinetics

Impairments of Body Structures

Genu Valgum

Genu Varum

Examination and Evaluation

Patient/Client History

Tests and Measures

Therapeutic Exercise Intervention for Body Function Impairments

Mobility Impairment

Muscle Performance Impairments

Therapeutic Exercise Intervention for Common Diagnoses

Ligament Injuries

Treatment of Ligament Injuries

Fractures

Treatment of Fractures

Meniscal Injuries

Treatment

Degenerative Arthritis Problems

Articular Cartilage Lesions

Surgical Procedures

Interventions for Degenerative Arthritis Problems

Tendinopathies

Patellar Tendinopathy

Iliotibial Band Syndrome

Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome

Key Points

Chapter 21: The Ankle and Foot

Common Foot Types

Subtalar Varus

Forefoot Varus

Forefoot Valgus

Ankle Equinus

Examination and Evaluation

Patient/Client History

Balance

Joint Integrity and Mobility

Muscle Performance

Pain

Posture

Range of Motion and Muscle Length

Impairments of Body Structures

Other Examination Procedures

Therapeutic Exercise Intervention for Common Impairments of Body Functions

Balance Impairment

Muscle Performance

Pain

Posture and Movement Impairment

ROM, Muscle Length, Joint Integrity, and Mobility

Swelling

Therapeutic Exercise Intervention for Common Ankle and Foot Diagnoses

Ligament Sprains

Ankle Fractures

Functional Nerve Disorders

Plantar Fasciitis

Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction

Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome

Achilles Tendinosis

Postoperative Management

Adjunctive Interventions

Adhesive Strapping

Wedges and Pads

Biomechanical Foot Orthotics

Heel and Full Sole Lifts

Key Points

Unit 6: Functional Approach to Therapeutic Exercise for the Upper Extremities

Chapter 22: The Temporomandibular Joint

Review of Anatomy and Kinesiology

The Temporomandibular Joint Structures

Associated Structures

Kinesiology

Examination and Evaluation

Subjective History

Screening Exam for the TMJ

Therapeutic Exercise for Common Impairments of Body Functions

Mobility Impairments

Posture Impairments

Swallowing and Respiratory Impairments

The Rocabado 6 × 6

Therapeutic Exercise for Common Diagnoses

Capsulitis and Retrodiskitis

Internal Derangement of the Disk

Degenerative Joint Disease/Osteoarthritis

Postoperative Physical Therapy Following Surgical Intervention

Adjunctive Therapies

Key Points

Chapter 23: The Cervical Spine

Review of Anatomy and Kinesiology

Muscles

Examination and Evaluation

History and Clearing Tests

Physical Examination

Therapeutic Exercise Interventions for Common Impairments of Body Functions

Impaired Muscle Performance

Mobility Impairment

Posture Impairment

Therapeutic Exercise Interventions for Common Diagnoses

Disk Dysfunction

Cervical Sprain and Strain

Neural Entrapment

Cervicogenic Headache

Key Points

Chapter 24: The Thoracic Spine

Examination and Evaluation

History

Systems Review

Tests and Measures

Therapeutic Exercise Interventions for Common Impairments of Body Structures and Functions

Impaired Muscle Performance

Impaired ROM, Muscle Length, and Joint Mobility/Integrity

Pain

Impaired Posture and Motor Function

Therapeutic Exercise Intervention for Common Diagnoses

Prevention and Intervention in Patients with Osteoporosis

Exercise Management of Parkinson Disease

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

Key Points

Chapter 25: The Shoulder Girdle

Review of Anatomy and Kinesiology

Examination and Evaluation

Patient/Client History

Clearing Examinations

Motor Function (Motor Control and Motor Learning)

Muscle Performance

Pain

Peripheral Nerve Integrity

Posture

ROM, Muscle Length, Joint Mobility, and Joint Integrity

Work (Job/School/Play), Community, and Leisure Integration or Reintegration (Including Instrumental ADLs)

Therapeutic Exercise Interventions for Common Impairments of Body Structures and Functions

Pain

ROM and Joint Mobility Impairments

Impaired Muscle Performance

Posture and Movement Impairment

Therapeutic Exercise Interventions for Common Diagnoses

Rotator Cuff Disorders

Pathomechanics

Pathogenesis

Glenohumeral Hypermobility/Instability

Frozen Shoulder

Adjunctive Interventions: Taping

Scapular Corrections

Prevention of Allergic Reaction

Key Points

Chapter 26: The Elbow, Forearm, Wrist, and Hand

Anatomy

Elbow and Forearm

Wrist

Hand

Regional Neurology

Kinesiology

Wrist

Hand

Examination and Evaluation

History and Observation

Mobility Examination

Muscle Performance Examination

Other Tests

Therapeutic Exercise Interventions for Common Impairments of Body Functions

Mobility of Joint Functions: Impaired Range of Motion

Impaired Muscle Power Functions

Endurance Impairment

Pain and Inflammation Impairment

Muscle Endurance Functions: Impaired Posture and Movement

Therapeutic Exercise Interventions for Common Diagnoses

Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis

Cumulative Trauma Disorders

Nerve Injuries

Musculotendinous Disorders

Bone and Joint Injuries

Stiff Hand and Restricted Motion

Key Points

Unit 7: Case Studies

Appendix 1: Red Flags: Recognizing Signs and Symptoms

Appendix 2: Red Flags: Potentially Serious Symptoms and Signs in Exercising Patients

Appendix 3: 2016 PAR-Q +: The Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire for Everyone

Index

 

An aparitie	1 May 2017
Autor	Lori Brody
Dimensiuni	21.84 x 4.32 x 27.94 cm
Editura	LWW
Format	Hardcover
ISBN	9781496302342
Limba	Engleza
Nr pag	976