Primer on Radiation Oncology Physics Video Tutorials with Textbook and Problems

 

Description:

Gain mastery over the fundamentals of radiation oncology physics! This package gives you over 60 tutorial videos (each 15-20 minutes in length) with a companion text, providing the most complete and effective introduction available. Dr. Ford has tested this approach in formal instruction for years with outstanding results. The text includes extensive problem sets for each chapter. The videos include embedded quizzes and "whiteboard" screen technology to facilitate comprehension. Together, this provides a valuable learning tool both for training purposes and as a refresher for those in practice. Key Features A complete learning package for radiation oncology physics, including a full series of video tutorials with an associated textbook companion website Clearly drawn, simple illustrations throughout the videos and text Embedded quiz feature in the video tutorials for testing comprehension while viewing Each chapter includes problem sets (solutions available to educators)

 

 

Table of Contents:

 

Introduction

1 Basic Physics

1.1 Waves and Particles

1.1.1 Electromagnetic Waves

1.1.2 Particles

1.1.3 Waves or Particles?

1.2 Atomic Structure

1.2.1 Structure of the Atom and Coulomb’s Law

1.2.2 Quantum (Bohr) Model of the Atom

1.2.3 Quantities and Units

Further Reading

Chapter 1 Problem Sets

2 Nuclear Structure and Decay

2.1 Nuclear Structure and Energetics

2.1.1 Nuclear Structure and Nomenclature

2.1.2 Chart of Isotopes and Binding Energies

2.1.3 Nuclear Decay and Energy Release

2.1.4 Nomenclature for Isotopes

2.2 Nuclear Decay Schemes

2.2.1 Beta-Minus Decay

2.2.2 Beta-Plus Decay

2.2.3 Beta Decay: Production and Half-Life

2.2.4 Alpha Decay

2.2.5 Other Decay Modes

Further Reading

Chapter 2 Problem Sets

3 Mathematics of Nuclear Decay

3.1 Exponential Decay

3.1.1 Introduction to Exponential Decay

3.1.2 Activity and Units of Activity

3.1.3 Half-Life

3.1.4 Mean-Life

3.2 Equilibrium of Isotopes

Further Reading

Chapter 3 Problem Sets

4 Brachytherapy I

4.1 Brachytherapy Sources and Isotopes

4.1.1 Common Isotopes: LDR/HDR Brachytherapy

4.1.2 LDR Source Design

4.1.3 HDR Source Design

4.1.4 Other Forms of Brachytherapy

4.2 Brachytherapy Exposure and Dose

4.2.1 Exposure

4.2.2 Exposure Rate from Brachytherapy Sources

4.2.3 Inverse Square Falloff

4.2.4 TG43 Formalism and Air Kerma Strength

4.2.5 TG43 Dose Calculation Formalism

Further Reading

Chapter 4 Problem Sets

5 Photon Interactions with Matter

Introduction: Photons and Particles in Radiation Therapy

5.1 Low-Energy Photons

5.1.1 Coherent Scattering

5.1.2 Photoelectric Effect Process

5.1.3 Photoelectric Effect: Interaction Probabilities

5.2 Interaction of High-Energy Photons

5.2.1 Compton Scattering

5.2.2 Compton Scattering: Interaction Probabilities

5.2.3 Compton Scattering: Directionality Dependence

5.2.4 Pair Production

5.2.5 Interaction Cross-Sections: Putting It All Together

5.2.6 Photonuclear Reaction

5.3 Useful Reference Information: Photon Data

Further Reading

Chapter 5 Problem Sets

6 Photon Beams, Dose, and Kerma

6.1 Beam Attenuation and Spectra

6.1.1 Photon Beams: Exponential Attenuation

6.1.2 Half-Value Layer (HVL) and Tenth-Value Layer (TVL)

6.1.3 Z-Dependence in the Compton Regime

6.1.4 Beam Hardening and Attenuation

6.1.5 Beam Hardening: Effect on HVL

6.2 Dose and Kerma

6.2.1 Dose and Kerma in a Photon Beam

6.2.2 Electronic Equilibrium and Buildup

Further Reading

Chapter 6 Problem Sets

7 Particle Interactions with Matter

7.1 Radiative Energy Loss

7.1.1 Introduction: Charged Particle Interactions

7.1.2 Stopping Power

7.1.3 Radiative Stopping Power, Srad: Mass and Z Dependence

7.2 Collisional Energy Loss

7.2.1 Collisional Stopping Power, Scoll, of Electrons

7.2.2 Energy Loss of Protons

7.2.3 Path of Charged Particles

7.3 Neutron Energy Loss and LET

7.3.1 Neutrons

7.3.2 Linear Energy Transfer (LET) and Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE)

7.4 Useful Reference Information: Charged Particle Data

Further Reading

Chapter 7 Problem Sets

8 X-Ray Tubes and Linear Accelerators

8.1 X-Ray Tubes

8.1.1 Electron Acceleration and Energy

8.1.2 X-Ray Tubes: Physical Processes

8.1.3 Anode Design and Materials

8.1.4 X-Ray Tube Spectra

8.2 Beam Production in Linear Accelerators

8.2.1 Rationale for Megavoltage (MV) Beams

8.2.2 Acceleration with RF Waves

8.2.3 Linac Waveguides

8.2.4 Microwave System

8.2.5 Bending Magnets and Targets

8.2.6 X-Ray Production in Linac Targets

8.2.7 Linac Beam Energy

Further Reading

X-Ray Tubes

Linacs

Chapter 8 Problem Sets

9 Medical Linear Accelerators

9.1 Linac Collimation System

9.1.1 C-Arm Linac Geometry

9.1.2 Components of the Linac Head

9.1.3 Linac Electron Beams

9.1.4 Beam-Shaping Devices

9.1.5 MLC Design

9.1.6 Penumbra

9.1.7 MLC Interleaf Leakage and the Tongue-and-Groove Effect

9.1.8 C-Arm Linac Collimation Systems

9.2 Linear Accelerator Systems

9.2.1 TomoTherapy

9.2.2 CyberKnife

9.2.3 MR-Guided Linacs

Further Reading

Chapter 9 Problem Sets

10 Megavoltage Photon Beams

10.1 Basic Properties of Megavoltage Photon Beams

10.1.1 Introduction to Percent Depth Doses (PDDs)

10.1.2 Buildup and dmax

10.1.3 PDD: Energy and Field Size

10.1.4 Profiles and Penumbra

10.1.5 Profile Flatness

10.2 Megavoltage Photon Beams: Effects in Patients

10.2.1 The Physics of Skin-Sparing

10.2.2 Skin-Sparing Dependencies

10.2.3 Bolus

Further Reading

Chapter 10 Problem Sets

11 Megavoltage Photon Beams: TMR and Dose Calculations

11.1 PDD and TMR

11.1.1 TMR Definition

11.2 Monitor Unit (MU) Calculations

11.2.1 MU Calculation Formula

11.2.2 Example MU Calculations

11.2.3 MU Calculations at an Extended Distance

11.2.4 MU Calculations with PDD

11.2.5 Equivalent Squares

Further Reading

Chapter 11 Problem Sets

12 Photon Beam Treatment Planning: Part I

12.1 Dose Calculation Algorithms and Inhomogeneities

12.1.1 Dose Calculation: TERMA and Kernels

12.1.2 TPS Beam Model

12.1.3 TPS Dose Algorithms

12.1.4 Inhomogeneities: Lung

12.1.5 Inhomogeneities: Bone

12.2 Treatment Planning with Megavoltage Photon Beams

12.2.1 Treatment Planning with Multiple Fields

12.2.2 Treatment Planning with Wedges

Further Reading

Chapter 12 Problem Sets

13 Photon Beam Treatment Planning: Part II

13.1 Volume Definitions and DVHs

13.1.1 ICRU Volume Definitions

13.1.2 Nomenclature from AAPM Task Group 263

13.1.3 Margins

13.1.4 Standards for Prescriptions

13.1.5 Dose Volume Histogram (DVH)

13.1.6 Conformity Index

13.1.7 Point Dose vs. Volumetric Dose Prescription

13.2 Plan Quality, TCP, and NTCP

Further Reading

Chapter 13 Problem Sets

14 IMRT and VMAT

14.1 IMRT and VMAT Delivery

14.1.1 Rationale for IMRT

14.1.2 Delivering IMRT Treatments

14.1.3 Other IMRT Delivery Methods

14.2 Inverse Planning

14.2.1 Forward vs. Inverse Planning

14.2.2 Cost Functions and Optimization

Further Reading

Chapter 14 Problem Sets

15 Megavoltage Electron Beams

15.1 Basic Physics and PDDs of MV Electron Beams

15.1.1 Introduction to Electron Therapy Beams

15.1.2 Production of Beams and Spectra

15.1.3 Electron PDD

15.1.4 Energy and Field Size Effects on PDD

15.1.5 Photon Contamination

15.2 Properties of Treatment Beams

15.2.1 Electron Beam Penumbra

15.2.2 Collimation and SSD Effects

15.2.3 Field Matching

15.2.4 Obliquity and Curved Surfaces

15.2.5 Inhomogeneities in Electron Beams

Further Reading

Chapter 15 Problem Sets

16 Radiation Measurement: Ionization Chambers

16.1 Introduction to Dose Measurement

16.1.1 Operation of Ionization Chamber

16.1.2 Farmer Chamber

16.1.3 Parallel Plate Chamber

16.1.4 Comparison of Cylindrical Chambers

16.1.5 Applications of Small Chambers

16.2 Dose Measurement Protocols

16.2.1 Protocols for Dose Calibration

16.2.2 Calibration and Quality Conversion

16.2.3 Charge Correction Factors

16.2.4 Reference Depth Specification

16.2.5 Electron Dose Measurements

Further Reading

Chapter 16 Problem Sets

17 Other Radiation Measurement Devices

17.1 Diodes

17.1.1 Physics of Operation

17.1.2 Advantages and Limitations of Diodes

17.1.3 Diodes for Scanning and Small Fields

17.1.4 Diodes for In Vivo Dosimetry

17.1.5 Absolute vs. Relative Dosimetry

17.2 Luminescent Dosimeter

17.2.1 Principles and Operations of Luminescent Dosimeters

17.2.2 Advantages and Limitations of Luminescent Dosimeters

17.3 Film

17.3.1 Radiographic Film

17.3.2 Film Calibration

17.3.3 Radiochromic Film

Further Reading

Diodes, OSLDs and TLDs

Films

Chapter 17 Problem Sets

18 Quality Assurance (QA)

18.1 Principles of QA

18.1.1 Swiss Cheese Model of Accidents

18.1.2 Example: QA and Risk

18.2 QA of Linear Accelerators

18.2.1 Introduction and Reports

18.2.2 Dosimetry Tests

18.2.3 Mechanical Tests

18.3 Patient-Specific QA

18.3.1 Devices for IMRT QA

18.3.2 Other Patient-Specific QA Approaches

18.3.3 IMRT QA References and Standards

18.3.4 QA: Review of Plans and Charts

18.4 QA of Full Dosimetry System

Further Reading

Chapter 18 Problem Sets

19 Radiographic Imaging

19.1 Basic Principles of Radiography

19.1.1 Contrast

19.1.2 Resolution

19.1.3 EPID Detectors and Pixelization

19.1.4 Noise and Exposure

19.1.5 Scatter

19.1.6 DICOM

19.2 Computed Tomography (CT)

19.2.1 Basics of CT Reconstruction

19.2.2 Hounsfield Units

19.2.3 Fan-Beam Acquisition

19.2.4 Image Quality in CT

19.2.5 Cone-Beam CT (CBCT)

19.2.6 CT Artifacts

Further Reading

Chapter 19 Problem Sets

20 Non-Radiographic Imaging

20.1 Magnetic Resonance Imaging

20.1.1 Nuclear Spin and Precession

20.1.2 Signals and Spin Flips

20.1.3 Image Formation in MRI

20.1.4 Spin-Echo: TR and T1-Weighting

20.1.5 Spin-Echo: TE and T2-Weighting

20.1.6 Inversion Recovery (IR) Pulse Sequences

20.1.7 Distortion and Artifacts in MRI

20.2 Nuclear Medicine and PET Imaging

20.2.1 Radioisotopes Used in Imaging

20.2.2 Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT)

20.2.3 Positron Emission Tomography (PET): Isotopes and Uptake

20.2.4 PET: Image Acquisition

20.2.5 PET: Resolution and Representation

20.2.6 PET: Attenuation Correction

20.2.7 PET: Beyond FDG

20.3 Ultrasound

Further Reading

Chapter 20 Problem Sets

21 Image-Guided Radiation Therapy (IGRT) and Motion Management

21.1 Image-Guided Radiation Therapy (IGRT)

21.1.1 CBCT on C-Arm Linac Systems

21.1.2 IGRT with Planar Images

21.1.3 Other IGRT Technology

21.1.4 MR-Guided Radiation Therapy (MRgRT)

21.1.5 IGRT Use Scenarios

21.1.6 Availability of IGRT, Practice Patterns, and Evidence of Effectiveness

21.1.7 Quality Assurance (QA) of IGRT and Imaging Systems

21.2 Motion Management

21.2.1 Inter- and Intra-Fraction Motion

21.2.2 Respiratory Motion

21.2.3 4DCT

21.2.4 Respiration and Margins

21.2.5 Respiratory Gating

21.2.6 Breath-Hold Treatment

21.2.7 Compression

Further Reading

Chapter 21 Problem Sets

22 Stereotactic Treatments

22.1 Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS)

22.1.1 SRS Treatment Delivery

22.1.2 SRS Planning and Dose Distributions

22.1.3 Stereotactic “N”-Localizer System

22.1.4 Fractionated Treatment

22.1.5 Quality Assurance (QA) for SRS

22.2 Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT)

22.2.1 SBRT Sites and Dose Protocols

22.2.2 SBRT Treatment Planning

22.2.3 Recommendations for Safe and Effective SBRT

Further Reading

HyTEC Organ-Specific Papers

Chapter 22 Problem Sets

23 Total Body Irradiation (TBI) and Total Skin Electron Therapy (TSET)

23.1 Total Body Irradiation

23.1.1 TBI: Background and Dosimetric Goals

23.1.2 Key Features of TBI

23.1.3 Dose Homogeneity

23.1.4 TBI Setup Techniques and Devices

23.1.5 Dose Verification with In Vivo Measurements

23.2 Total Skin Electron Therapy (TSET)

23.2.1 Background and Dosimetric Goals of TSET

23.2.2 TSET Beam Delivery and Dose Uniformity

Further Reading

Chapter 23 Problem Sets

24 Particle Therapy

24.1 Basic Physics of Proton Therapy Beam Production

24.1.1 Overview and Indications of Use

24.1.2 Historical Overview, Expansion, and Costs

24.1.3 Physics of Pristine Bragg Peak

24.1.4 Spread-Out Bragg Peak (SOBP)

24.1.5 Beam Shaping with Compensators

24.1.6 Beam-Shaping Systems

24.1.7 Cyclotrons and Synchrotrons

24.2 Proton Planning, Quality Assurance, and Ion Beams

24.2.1 Proton Dose and Relative Biological Effect (RBE)

24.2.2 Proton Treatment Planning

24.2.3 Proton Therapy Quality Assurance (QA)

24.2.4 Heavy Ion Therapy

24.2.5 Relative Biological Effect (RBE) of Heavy Ion Beams

Further Reading

Chapter 24 Problem Sets

25 Radiation Protection

25.1 Dose Equivalent and Effective Dose

25.1.1 Dose Equivalent

25.1.2 Effective Dose

25.2 Risk Models, Dose Limits, and Monitoring

25.2.1 BEIR VII Report: Deterministic and Stochastic Effects

25.2.2 Exposure Limits

25.2.3 Background Exposure

25.2.4 Exposure Monitoring

25.2.5 Criteria for Releasing Patients

25.3 Shielding and Survey Meters

25.3.1 Shielding Calculation Formalism

25.3.2 Shielding Example: Primary Barrier

25.3.3 Shielding for Leakage and Scatter Radiation

25.3.4 Shielding for Neutrons

25.3.5 Survey Meters

Further Reading

Chapter 25 Problem Sets

26 Brachytherapy Applications and Radiopharmaceuticals

26.1 Planar Implants

26.1.1 Quimby System: Uniform Loading

26.1.2 Manchester System: Uniform Dose

26.1.3 Historical Systems in Perspective

26.2 Prostate Brachytherapy

26.2.1 TRUS-Guided LDR Prostate Implants

26.2.2 Quality Assurance and Safety for Prostate Brachytherapy

26.3 HDR Brachytherapy

26.3.1 HDR for Cervical Cancer: Clinical Indications

26.3.2 Cervical Cancer: Applicators

26.3.3 Dose Specification Systems

26.3.4 Other Applications of HDR

26.4 Radionuclide Therapy

Further Reading

Chapter 26 Problem Sets

27 Patient Safety and Quality Improvement

27.1 Incident Learning and Root-Cause Analysis (RCA)

27.1.1 Example Error and Nomenclature

27.1.2 Swiss Cheese Model of Accidents

27.1.3 Root-Cause Analysis

27.2 Incident Learning

27.3 Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA)

27.3.1 Failure Modes and Risk

27.3.2 The FMEA Process

27.3.3 The FMEA Scoring System

27.3.4 FMEA vs. Incident Learning

Further Reading

Chapter 27 Problem Sets

Index

 

An aparitie	2020
Autor	Eric Ford
Dimensiuni	17.81 x 25.4 cm
Editura	CRC Press
Format	Softcover
ISBN	9781138591707
Limba	Engleza
Nr pag	374