Palpation Techniques

 

Description:

This completely updated third edition of the award-winning Palpation Techniques is a beautifully illustrated guide with clear step-by-step descriptions that teach readers how to identify and distinguish between a multitude of underlying body structures, based mainly on palpation alone. A unique graphic technique using detailed drawings of muscles, bones, and tendons directly on the skin, which come alive in almost 900 full-color photographs along with complementary color illustrations, provides a solid understanding of the functional significance of each anatomic region. The previous edition introduced palpation techniques for the shoulder and included new photos and illustrations for the hand, hip, and foot. This third edition is upgraded with a chapter on the abdominal area and additional subchapters on further starting positions and palpation techniques of the shoulder, elbow, and hip/groin. Many new illustrations accompany these new sections.

This book includes complimentary access to a digital copy on https://medone.thieme.com.

Readers will learn how to use:

Palpation during physical examination to localize painful, injured structures (provocative palpation)

Joints as critical landmarks in carrying out tests and guiding manual therapy techniques

Palpation of peripheral nerves to localize and assess sources of dysfunction and pain

Deep soft-tissue palpation to relieve musculoskeletal pain

This outstanding book will enable physical therapy and osteopathy practitioners and students to refine their knowledge of practical anatomy further and thus optimize patient care.

 

 

 

 

 

Table of Contents:

 

 

 

 

 

1 Basic Principles

 

1.1 Why Do Clinicians Need Surface Anatomy?

1.2 What Is Understood by Surface Anatomy in this Book?

1.3 When Can Surface Anatomy Be Used?

1.3.1 Physical Therapy Assessment

1.3.2 Basic Principles of Regional or Local Treatment

1.4 Workflow for Palpation

1.4.1 Objective and Location

1.4.2 The Reliable Result

1.4.3 Central Aspects of the Procedure

1.4.4 Pressure Applied during Palpation

1.5 Palpatory Techniques

1.5.1 Palpating the Skin

1.5.2 Palpating Bony Edges

1.5.3 Palpating Bony Prominences

1.5.4 Palpating Muscle Bellies

1.5.5 Palpating the Edge of Muscles

1.5.6 Palpating Tendons

1.5.7 Palpating Ligaments

1.5.8 Palpating Capsules

1.5.9 Palpating Bursae

1.5.10 Palpating Peripheral Nerves

1.5.11 Palpating Blood Vessels (Arteries)

1.6 Palpation Aids

1.6.1 Guiding Structures

1.6.2 Connecting Lines

1.6.3 Supporting Measures for Confirming a Palpation

1.6.4 Marking Structures

1.6.5 Starting Positions for Practice (Practice SPs)

2 Shoulder Complex

2.1 Introduction

2.1.1 Significance and Function of the Shoulder Region

2.1.2 Common Applications for Treatment in this Region

2.1.3 Required Basic Anatomical and Biomechanical Knowledge

2.2 General Orientation — Posterior

2.2.1 Summary of the Palpatory Process

2.2.2 Topographical Position of the Scapula

2.3 Local Palpation — Posterior

2.3.1 Overview of the Structures to be Palpated

2.3.2 Summary of the Palpatory Process

2.3.3 Palpation of Individual Structures

2.4 Local Palpation — Lateral

2.4.1 Overview of the Structures to be Palpated

2.4.2 Summary of the Palpatory Process

2.4.3 Palpation of Individual Structures

2.5 General Orientation — Anterior

2.5.1 Starting Position

2.5.2 Supraclavicular and Infraclavicular Fossae

2.6 Local Palpation — Anteromedial

2.6.1 Overview of the Structures to be Palpated

2.6.2 Summary of the Palpatory Process

2.6.3 Palpation of Individual Structures

2.6.4 Tips for Assessment and Treatment

2.7 Local Palpation—Anterolateral

2.7.1 Overview of the Structures to be Palpated

2.7.2 Summary of the Palpatory Process

2.7.3 Palpation of Individual Structures

3 Elbow Complex

3.1 Introduction

3.1.1 Significance and Function of the Elbow Complex

3.1.2 Common Applications for Treatment in this Region

3.1.3 Required Basic Anatomical and Biomechanical Knowledge

3.2 General Orientation — Anterior

3.2.1 Boundaries of the Cubital Fossa

3.3 Local Palpation — Anterior

3.3.1 Overview of the Structures to be Palpated

3.3.2 Summary of the Palpatory Process

3.3.3 Palpation of Individual Structures

3.3.4 Neurovascular Bundle

3.3.5 Proximal Radioulnar Joint (PRUJ)

3.3.6 Tips for Assessment and Treatment

3.4 Local Palpation — Medial

3.4.1 Overview of the Structures to be Palpated

3.4.2 Summary of the Palpatory Process

3.4.3 Palpation of Individual Structures

3.4.4 Differentiation in the Presence of Epicondylitis

3.4.5 Tips for Assessment and Treatment

3.5 Local Palpation — Lateral

3.5.1 Summary of the Palpatory Process

3.5.2 Locating the Most Important Osseous Structures

3.5.3 Locating the Muscles and their Insertions

3.5.4 Locating the Lateral Insertion Tendinopathies

3.5.5 Tips for Assessment and Treatment

3.5.6 Palpation in the Radial Tunnel

3.6 General Orientation — Posterior Humerus

3.6.1 Summary of the Palpatory Process

3.6.2 Palpating Warmth and Swelling

4 Hand

4.1 Significance and Function of the Hand

4.1.1 Causes of the Diversity of Functions in the Hand

4.1.2 Common Applications for Treatment in this Region

4.1.3 Required Basic Anatomical and Biomechanical Knowledge

4.1.4 Axial Divisions of the Skeleton of the Hand into Columns and Their Clinical Significance

4.1.5 The Carpus

4.1.6 Kinematic and Kinetic Model of the Hand

4.1.7 Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex (TFC)

4.1.8 Construction of the Carpal Tunnel

4.1.9 Extensor Tendons and their Compartments

4.2 General Orientation — Dorsal

4.2.1 Summary of the Palpatory Process

4.2.2 Palpation of Individual Structures

4.2.3 Tips for Assessment and Treatment

4.3 Local Palpation of the Dorsal Soft Tissues

4.3.1 Summary of the Palpatory Process

4.3.2 Palpation of Individual Structures

4.3.3 Radial Nerve, Cephalic Vein, and Radial Artery

4.3.4 Tips for Assessment and Treatment

4.4 Local Palpation of the Dorsal Aspect of the Carpal Bones

4.4.1 Summary of the Palpatory Process

4.4.2 Carpal Bones in the Radial Column

4.4.3 Carpal Bones in the Central Column

4.4.4 Tips for Assessment and Treatment

4.4.5 Carpal Bones in the Ulnar Column

4.4.6 Tips for Assessment and Treatment

4.5 General Orientation — Palmar

4.5.1 Summary of the Palpatory Process

4.5.2 Edge of the Radius

4.6 Local Palpation of the Palmar Soft Tissues

4.6.1 Summary of the Palpatory Process

4.6.2 Palpation of Individual Structures

4.6.3 Summary of all Radial Structures

4.6.4 Summary of all Ulnar Structures

4.6.5 Tips for Assessment and Treatment

4.7 Local Palpation of the Palmar Aspect of the Carpal Bones

4.7.1 Summary of the Palpatory Process

4.7.2 Palpation of Individual Structures

4.7.3 Tips for Assessment and Treatment

5 Hip and Groin Region

5.1 Introduction

5.1.1 Lumbar-Pelvic-Hip Region

5.1.2 Functional Significance of the Pelvis and Hip Joint

5.1.3 Pathology and Common Applications for Treatment in this Region

5.1.4 Required Basic Anatomical and Biomechanical Knowledge

5.2 Local Palpation — Lateral

5.2.1 Overview of the Structures to be Palpated

5.2.2 Summary of the Palpatory Process

5.2.3 Palpation of Individual Structures

5.3 Local Palpation — Dorsal

5.3.1 Overview of the Structures to be Palpated

5.3.2 Summary of the Palpatory Process

5.3.3 Palpation of Individual Structures

5.4 Local Palpation — Anterior

5.4.1 Overview of the Structures to be Palpated

5.4.2 Summary of the Palpatory Process

5.4.3 Palpation of Individual Structures

6 Knee Joint

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Significance and Function of the Knee Joint

6.3 Pathological Conditions and Common Applications for Treatment

6.3.1 A Selection of Possible Pathologies

6.3.2 Common Assessment and Treatment Techniques

6.4 Required Basic Anatomical and Biomechanical Knowledge

6.4.1 Construction of the Femorotibial Joint

6.4.2 Construction of the Patellofemoral Joint

6.4.3 Proximal Tibiofibular Joint

6.4.4 Muscles of the Knee Joint

6.4.5 Neural Structures

6.5 Palpation for Warmth and Swelling

6.5.1 Palpating an Increase in Temperature

6.5.2 Palpating Edema

6.6 Local Palpation — Anterior

6.6.1 Summary of the Palpatory Process

6.6.2 Palpation of Individual Structures

6.6.3 Tips for Assessment and Treatment

6.7 Local Palpation — Medial

6.7.1 Summary of the Palpatory Process

6.7.2 Boundaries of the Joint Space

6.7.3 Medial Epicondyle of the Femur

6.7.4 Medial Gastrocnemius Tubercle

6.7.5 Anteromedial and Medial Soft Tissues

6.7.6 Tips for Treatment

6.8 Local Palpation — Lateral

6.8.1 Summary of the Palpatory Process

6.8.2 Palpation of Individual Structures

6.8.3 Tips for Assessment and Treatment

6.9 Local Palpation — Posterior

6.9.1 Summary of the Palpatory Process

6.9.2 Palpation of Individual Structures

6.9.3 Tips for Assessment and Treatment

7 Foot

7.1 Introduction

7.1.1 Significance and Function of the Foot

7.1.2 Special Characteristics of the Bony Construction

7.1.3 Features of the Nomenclature

7.1.4 Special Biomechanical Characteristics

7.1.5 Common Symptoms in the Foot

7.1.6 Required Basic Anatomical and Biomechanical Knowledge

7.2 Local Palpation of the Medial Border of the Foot

7.2.1 Summary of the Palpatory Process

7.2.2 Overview of the Structures to be Palpated

7.2.3 Position of the Medial Ligaments

7.2.4 Tips for Treatment

7.3 Palpation of the Lateral Border of the Foot

7.3.1 Summary of the Palpatory Process

7.3.2 Overview of the Structures to be Palpated

7.3.3 Tips for Assessment and Treatment

7.4 Local Palpation of the Dorsum of the Foot

7.4.1 Summary of the Palpatory Process

7.4.2 Overview of the Structures to be Palpated

7.4.3 Tips for Assessment and Treatment

7.5 Local Palpation of the Distal Posterior Leg

7.5.1 Summary of the Palpatory Process

7.5.2 Overview of the Structures to be Palpated

7.5.3 Borders of the Achilles Tendon

7.5.4 Insertion of the Triceps Surae

7.5.5 Palpation of the Tendon

8 Soft Tissues

8.1 Significance and Function of Soft Tissues

8.2 Common Applications for Treatment in this Region

8.3 Required Basic Anatomical and Biomechanical Knowledge

8.4 Summary of the Palpatory Process

8.4.1 Extent of the Palpation

8.4.2 Criteria for Palpation

8.5 Method and Techniques of the Palpatory Process

8.6 Starting Position

8.6.1 Difficult and Alternative Starting Positions

8.7 Palpation Techniques

8.7.1 Palpating the Surface of the Skin

8.7.2 Palpating the Quality of the Skin (Turgor)

8.7.3 Palpating the Consistency of Muscle (Assessment of Muscle Tension)

8.8 Tips for Assessment and Treatment

8.8.1 Differentiating between Tissues

8.8.2 Interpreting the Findings of Skin Surface Palpation

8.8.3 Interpreting the Skin Consistency (Turgor) Palpation Findings

8.8.4 Interpreting the Muscle Consistency (Tension) Palpation Findings

8.9 Examples of Treatment

8.9.1 Lumbar Functional Massage in Side-lying

8.9.2 Functional Massage of the Trapezius in Side-lying

9 Posterior Pelvis

9.1 Significance and Function of the Pelvic Region

9.2 Common Applications for Treatment in this Region

9.3 Required Basic Anatomical and Biomechanical Knowledge

9.3.1 Gender-based Differences

9.3.2 Coxal Bone

9.3.3 Sacrum

9.3.4 The Pelvic Ligaments

9.3.5 The Sacroiliac Joint

9.3.6 Sacroiliac Joint Biomechanics

9.3.7 Ligament Dynamization in the Sacroiliac Joint

9.4 Summary of the Palpatory Process

9.5 Palpatory Techniques for Quick Orientation on the Bones

9.5.1 Starting Position

9.6 Palpatory Procedures for Quick Orientation on the Muscles

9.6.1 Starting Position

9.7 Local Palpation Techniques

9.7.1 Summary of the Palpatory Procedure

9.7.2 Ilium—Iliac Crest

9.7.3 Ilium—Posterior Superior Iliac Spine (PSIS)

9.7.4 Sacrum—S2 Spinous Process

9.7.5 Sacrum—Median Sacral Crest

9.7.6 Sacrum—Insertion of the Multifidus

9.7.7 Sacrum—Sacral Hiatus

9.7.8 Sacrum—Sacrococcygeal Transition

9.7.9 Sacrum—Inferolateral Angles of the Sacrum

9.7.10 Sacrotuberous Ligament

9.7.11 Long Posterior Sacroiliac Ligament

9.8 Orienting Projections

9.8.1 Posterior Inferior Iliac Spine (PIIS)

9.8.2 Sacroiliac Joint Projection

9.8.3 Piriformis

9.8.4 Sciatic Nerve and the Gluteals

9.9 Tips for Treatment

10 Lumbar Spine

10.1 Significance and Function of the Lumbar Spine

10.1.1 Supporting the Weight of the Body

10.1.2 Spatial Alignment of the Upper Body

10.1.3 The Importance of Stability for Standing and Lifting

10.1.4 Movement in the Trunk

10.1.5 Development of Energy Needed for Locomotion

10.1.6 Junction between the Rigid and Mobile Vertebral Column

10.2 Common Applications for Treatment in this Region

10.3 Required Basic Anatomical and Biomechanical Knowledge

10.3.1 Anatomical Definitions

10.3.2 Shape of the Inferior Lumbar Vertebrae and Intervertebral Disks

10.3.3 Detailed Anatomy of Bony Structures

10.3.4 Detailed Anatomy of the Ligaments

10.3.5 Detailed Anatomy of the Muscles

10.3.6 Basic Biomechanical Principles

10.4 Overview of the Structures to be Palpated

10.5 Summary of the Palpatory Process

10.6 Starting Position

10.6.1 Positioning in the Frontal Plane

10.6.2 Positioning in the Transverse Plane

10.6.3 Difficult and Alternative Starting Positions

10.7 Palpation Techniques

10.7.1 Orienting Projections

10.7.2 Local Bony Palpation

10.8 Tips for Treatment

10.8.1 Research Findings on Reliable Lumbar Palpation

10.8.2 Test for Rotation (Transverse Vertebral Pressure)

10.8.3 Posteroanterior Segmental Joint Play

10.8.4 Palpation during Flexion and Extension Movements

10.8.5 Anteroposterior Segmental Joint Play

10.8.6 Local Segmental Mobility Using Coupled Movements

10.8.7 Training the Multifidus

11 Abdominal Region

11.1 Significance of the Region

11.2 Common Applications for Treatment in this Region

11.3 Required Knowledge (Topographic and Morphologic)

11.3.1 Boundaries of the Abdominal Wall

11.3.2 Regions of the Abdominal Wall

11.3.3 Deep and Superficial Abdominal Muscles

11.3.4 Organs of the Abdominopelvic Cavity

11.3.5 Anatomy of the Groin

11.4 Summary of the Palpatory Process

11.5 Overview of the Structures to be Palpated

11.5.1 Bony Structures

11.5.2 Orienting Projections

11.5.3 Muscles

11.5.4 Palpation of the Colon

11.5.5 Palpation of the Groin Region

11.6 Starting Position

11.6.1 Difficult and Supplementary SPs

11.7 Palpation of the Bony Structures

11.7.1 Preparation

11.7.2 Xiphoid Process

11.7.3 Costal Arch

11.7.4 Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS) and Inguinal Ligament

11.7.5 Pubic Symphysis

11.8 Orienting Projections

11.8.1 Epigastric Region

11.8.2 Lower Abdomen

11.8.3 Anterior Median Line

11.9 Muscles

11.9.1 Rectus Abdominis

11.9.2 Linea Semilunaris

11.9.3 Regional Subdivision of the Central Abdomen

11.10 Palpation of the Colon

11.10.1 Locating the Cecal Point

11.10.2 Locating the Ascending Point

11.10.3 Locating the Linear Point

11.10.4 Locating the Descending Point

11.10.5 Locating the Sigmoid Point

11.11 Palpation of the Groin Region

11.11.1 Technique and Expectations

11.11.2 Palpation of Inguinal Hernias

12 Thoracic Spine and Thoracic Cage

12.1 Significance and Function of the Thoracic Region

12.1.1 Protective Function

12.1.2 Supportive Function

12.1.3 Junction between the Cervical and Lumbar Spines

12.1.4 Respiration

12.1.5 How Does this Affect Palpation?

12.2 Common Applications for Treatment in this Region

12.3 Required Basic Anatomical and Biomechanical Knowledge

12.3.1 Functional Divisions in the Thoracic Spine

12.3.2 Anatomical Characteristics of the Thoracic Spine

12.3.3 Thorax

12.3.4 Thoracic Back Muscles

12.4 Overview of the Structures to be Palpated

12.5 Summary of the Palpatory Process

12.6 Starting Position

12.6.1 Difficult and Alternative Starting Positions

12.7 Posterior Palpation Techniques

12.7.1 Cervicothoracic Junction in the Sitting Starting Position

12.7.2 Cervicothoracic Junction in the Prone Starting Position

12.7.3 Tips for Assessment and Treatment

12.8 Anterior Palpation Techniques

12.8.1 Anterior Palpation in the Sitting Starting Position

12.8.2 Anterior Palpation in the Supine Starting Position

12.8.3 Thoracic Palpation in the Side-lying Starting Position

12.8.4 Tips for Assessment and Treatment

13 Cervical Spine

13.1 Significance and Function of the Cervical Spine

13.2 Common Applications for Treatment in this Region

13.3 Required Basic Anatomical and Biomechanical Knowledge

13.3.1 Sections of the Cervical Spine

13.3.2 Anatomy of the Lower Cervical Spine

13.3.3 Lower Cervical Spine Biomechanics

13.3.4 Anatomy of the Occiput and the Upper Cervical Spine

13.3.5 Ligaments of the Cervical Spine

13.3.6 Biomechanics of the Upper Cervical Spine

13.3.7 Posterior Muscles

13.3.8 Anterior and Lateral Muscles

13.3.9 Nerves and Blood Vessels

13.4 Overview of the Structures to be Palpated

13.5 Summary of the Palpatory Process

13.6 Starting Position

13.6.1 Difficult and Alternative Starting Positions

13.7 Posterior Palpation Techniques

13.7.1 Occiput

13.7.2 Suboccipital Fossa and Ligamentum Nuchae

13.7.3 C2 Spinous Process

13.7.4 Spinous Processes of the Lower Cervical Spine

13.7.5 Facet Joints

13.7.6 Muscles, Suboccipital Nerves, and Blood Vessels

13.8 Tips for Assessment and Treatment

13.8.1 Functional Massage of the Trapezius in Supine Position

13.8.2 Test for the Alar Ligaments

13.8.3 Identifying the Level of Chronically Irritated Intervertebral Disks

13.8.4 Functional Massage

13.9 Lateral Palpation Techniques

13.9.1 Angle of the Mandible

13.9.2 C1 Transverse Process

13.9.3 C2 and C3 Transverse Processes

13.9.4 Boundaries of the Posterior Triangle of the Neck

13.9.5 Occipital Triangle of the Neck

13.9.6 Supraclavicular Triangle of the Neck

13.10 Anterior Palpation Techniques

13.10.1 Anatomy

14 Head and Jaw

14.1 Introduction

14.1.1 Significance and Function of the Temporomandibular Joint

14.1.2 Common Applications for Treatment in this Region

14.1.3 Required Basic Anatomical and Biomechanical Knowledge

14.2 Anatomy of the Bony Skull

14.2.1 Dividing the Head into Regions

14.2.2 Overview of the Frontal Aspect of the Viscerocranium

14.3 Palpation of the Bony Skull

14.3.1 Frontal Aspect of the Viscerocranium

14.3.2 Lateral Aspect of the Skull

14.4 The Jaw—Temporomandibular Joints

14.4.1 Required Basic Knowledge of Topography and Morphology

14.4.2 Biomechanics of the Temporomandibular Joint

14.4.3 Assessing Deviations from the Mid-line during Mouth Opening

14.5 Palpating the Temporomandibular Joints

14.5.1 Overview of the Structures to be Palpated

14.5.2 Summary of the Palpatory Process

14.5.3 Assessment of the Clicking Phenomenon during Active Mouth Opening

14.6 Palpatory Examination of the Jaw Muscles

14.6.1 Overview of the Structures to be Palpated

14.6.2 Summary of the Palpatory Process

14.6.3 Masseter

14.6.4 Tips for Assessment and Treatment

14.6.5 Medial Pterygoid Muscle

14.6.6 Lateral Pterygoid Muscle

14.6.7 Temporalis

14.6.8 Anterior and Posterior Bellies of the Digastric

Index

 

An aparitie	26 May 2021
Autor	Bernhard Reichert, Wolfgang Stelzenmüller, Karen Leube
Dimensiuni	17.45 x 2.74 x 28.88 cm
Editura	Thieme
Format	Paperback
ISBN	9783132429871
Limba	Engleza
Nr pag	426
Versiune digitala	DA