Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th Edition

 

Description:

Known for its clear presentation style, single-author voice, and focus on content most relevant to clinical and pre-clinical students, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th Edition, employs a distinctive format to ensure maximum learning and retention of complex concepts. A larger font size emphasizes core information, while supporting information, including clinical examples, are detailed in smaller font and highlighted in pale blue – making it easy to quickly skim the essential text or pursue more in-depth study. This two-tone approach, along with other outstanding features, makes this bestselling text a favorite of students worldwide.

Offers a clinically oriented perspective written with the clinical and preclinical student in mind, bridging basic physiology with pathophysiology.

Focuses on core material and how the body maintains homeostasis to remain healthy, emphasizing the important principles that will aid in later clinical decision making.

Presents information in short chapters using a concise, readable voice that facilitates learning and retention.

Contains more than 1,200 full-color drawings and diagrams – all carefully crafted to make physiology easier to understand.

Features expanded clinical coverage including obesity, metabolic and cardiovascular disorders, Alzheimer’s disease, and other degenerative diseases.

Includes online access to interactive figures, new audio of heart sounds, animations, self-assessment questions, and more.

Evolve Instructor site with an image and test bank is available to instructors through their Elsevier sales rep or via request at https://evolve.elsevier.com.

 

Table of Contents:

 

Unit I. Introduction to Physiology: The Cell and General Physiology

Chapter 1. Functional Organization of the Human Body and Control of the “Internal Environment”

Cells are the Living Units of the Body

Extracellular Fluid—the “Internal Environment”

Homeostasis—Maintenance of a Nearly Constant Internal Environment

Control Systems of the Body

Summary—Automaticity of the Body

 

Chapter 2. The Cell and Its Functions

Organization of the Cell

Cell Structure

Comparison of the Animal Cell With Precellular Forms of Life

Functional Systems of the Cell

Locomotion of Cells

 

Chapter 3. Genetic Control of Protein Synthesis, Cell Function, and Cell Reproduction

Cell Nucleus Genes Control Protein Synthesis

Transcription—Transfer of Cell Nucleus Dna Code to Cytoplasm Rna Code

Translation—Formation of Proteins on the Ribosomes

Synthesis of Other Substances in the Cell

Control of Gene Function and Biochemical Activity in Cells

The dna–Genetic System Controls Cell Reproduction

Cell Differentiation

Apoptosis—Programmed Cell Death

Cancer

Unit II. Membrane Physiology, Nerve, and Muscle

 

Chapter 4. Transport of Substances Through Cell Membranes

The Cell Membrane is a Lipid Bilayer With Cell Membrane Transport Proteins

Diffusion

Active Transport of Substances Through Membranes

 

Chapter 5. Membrane Potentials and Action Potentials

Basic Physics of Membrane Potentials

Resting Membrane Potential of Neurons

Neuron Action Potential

Propagation of the Action Potential

Re-Establishing Sodium and Potassium Ionic Gradients After Action Potentials are Completed—Importance of Energy Metabolism

Plateau in Some Action Potentials

Rhythmicity of Some Excitable Tissues—Repetitive Discharge

Special Characteristics of Signal Transmission in Nerve Trunks

Excitation—The Process of Eliciting the Action Potential

Refractory Period After an Action Potential, During Which a new Stimulus Cannot be Elicited

Chapter 6. Contraction of Skeletal Muscle

Physiological Anatomy of Skeletal Muscle

General Mechanism of Muscle Contraction

Molecular Mechanism of Muscle Contraction

Energetics of Muscle Contraction

Characteristics of Whole Muscle Contraction

Chapter 7. Excitation of Skeletal Muscle: Neuromuscular Transmission and Excitation-Contraction Coupling

Neuromuscular Junction and Transmission of Impulses from Nerve Endings to Skeletal Muscle Fibers

Muscle Action Potential

Excitation-Contraction Coupling

Chapter 8. Excitation and Contraction of Smooth Muscle

Contraction of Smooth Muscle

Regulation of Contraction by Calcium Ions

Nervous and Hormonal Control of Smooth Muscle Contraction

Unit III. The Heart

Chapter 9. Cardiac Muscle; The Heart as a Pump and Function of the Heart Valves

Physiology of Cardiac Muscle

Cardiac Cycle

Regulation of Heart Pumping

Chapter 10. Rhythmical Excitation of the Heart

Specialized Excitatory and Conductive System of the Heart

Control of Excitation and Conduction in the Heart

Chapter 11. Fundamentals of Electrocardiography

Waveforms of the Normal Electrocardiogram

Flow of Current Around the Heart During the Cardiac Cycle

Electrocardiographic Leads

Chapter 12. Electrocardiographic Interpretation of Cardiac Muscle and Coronary Blood Flow Abnormalities: Vectorial Analysis

Vectorial Analysis of Electrocardiograms

Vectorial Analysis of the Normal Electrocardiogram

Mean Electrical Axis of the Ventricular qrs and its Significance

Conditions That Cause Abnormal Voltages of the Qrs Complex

Prolonged and Bizarre Patterns of the Qrs Complex

Current of Injury

Abnormalities in the T Wave

Chapter 13. Cardiac Arrhythmias and Their Electrocardiographic Interpretation

Abnormal Sinus Rhythms

Heart Block Within the Intracardiac Conduction Pathways

Premature Contractions

Paroxysmal Tachycardia

Ventricular Fibrillation

Atrial Fibrillation

Atrial Flutter

Cardiac Arrest

Unit IV. The Circulation

Chapter 14. Overview of the Circulation: Pressure, Flow, and Resistance

Physical Characteristics of the Circulation

Basic Principles of Circulatory Function

Interrelationships of Pressure, Flow, and Resistance

Chapter 15. Vascular Distensibility and Functions of the Arterial and Venous Systems

Vascular Distensibility

Arterial Pressure Pulsations

Veins and Their Functions

Clinical Estimation of Venous Pressure

Direct Measurement of Venous Pressure and Right Atrial Pressure

Pressure Reference Level for Measuring Venous and Other Circulatory Pressures

Blood-Cleansing Function of the Spleen—Removal of Old Cells

Reticuloendothelial Cells of the Spleen

Chapter 16. The Microcirculation and Lymphatic System: Capillary Fluid Exchange, Interstitial Fluid, and Lymph Flow

Structure of the Microcirculation and Capillary System

Flow of Blood in the Capillaries—Vasomotion

Exchange of Water, Nutrients, and Other Substances Between the Blood and Interstitial Fluid

Interstitium and Interstitial Fluid

Fluid Filtration Across Capillaries

Lymphatic System

Chapter 17. Local and Humoral Control of Tissue Blood Flow

Local Control of Blood Flow in Response to Tissue Needs

Mechanisms of Blood Flow Control

Humoral Control of the Circulation

Chapter 18. Nervous Regulation of the Circulation and Rapid Control of Arterial Pressure

Nervous Regulation of the Circulation

Special Features of Nervous Control of Arterial Pressure

Chapter 19. Role of the Kidneys in Long-Term Control of Arterial Pressure and in Hypertension: The Integrated System for Arterial Pressure Regulation

Renal–Body Fluid System for Arterial Pressure Control

Role of the Renin-Angiotensin System in Arterial Pressure Control

Summary of Integrated Multifaceted Systems for Arterial Pressure Regulation

Chapter 20. Cardiac Output, Venous Return, and Their Regulation

Normal Values for Cardiac Output at Rest and During Activity

Control of Cardiac Output by Venous Return—Frank-Starling Mechanism of the Heart

Methods For Measuring Cardiac Output

Chapter 21. Muscle Blood Flow and Cardiac Output During Exercise; the Coronary Circulation and Ischemic Heart Disease

Blood Flow Regulation in Skeletal Muscle at Rest and During Exercise

Coronary Circulation

Chapter 22. Cardiac Failure

Circulatory Dynamics in Cardiac Failure

Unilateral Left Heart Failure

Low-Output Cardiac Failure—Cardiogenic Shock

Edema in Patients With Cardiac Failure

Cardiac Reserve

Quantitative Graphic Analysis of Cardiac Failure

Heart Failure With Diastolic Dysfunction and Normal Ejection Fraction

High-Output Cardiac Failure

Chapter 23. Heart Valves and Heart Sounds; Valvular and Congenital Heart Defects

Heart Sounds

Abnormal Circulatory Dynamics in Valvular Heart Disease

Abnormal Circulatory Dynamics in Congenital Heart Defects

Use of Extracorporeal Circulation During Cardiac Surgery

Hypertrophy of the Heart in Valvular and Congenital Heart Disease

Chapter 24. Circulatory Shock and Its Treatment

Physiological Causes of Shock

Shock Caused by Hypovolemia—Hemorrhagic Shock

Neurogenic Shock—Increased Vascular Capacity

Anaphylactic Shock and Histamine Shock

Septic Shock

Physiology of Treatment in Shock

Circulatory Arrest

Unit V. The Body Fluids and Kidneys

Chapter 25. Regulation of Body Fluid Compartments: Extracellular and Intracellular Fluids; Edema

Fluid Intake and Output ARE Balanced During Steady-State Conditions

Body Fluid Compartments

Constituents of Extracellular and Intracellular Fluids

Measurement of Body Fluid Compartment Volumes—Indicator-Dilution Principle

Fluid Exchange and Osmotic Equilibrium Between Intracellular and Extracellular Fluid

Volume and Osmolality of Extracellular and Intracellular Fluids in Abnormal States

Glucose and Other Solutions Administered For Nutritive Purposes

Clinical Abnormalities of Fluid Volume Regulation: Hyponatremia and Hypernatremia

Edema: Excess Fluid in the Tissues

Fluids in Potential Spaces of the Body

Chapter 26. The Urinary System: Functional Anatomy and Urine Formation by the Kidneys

Multiple Functions of the Kidneys

Physiologic Anatomy of the Kidneys

Micturition

Urine Formation Results from Glomerular Filtration, Tubular Reabsorption, and Tubular Secretion

Chapter 27. Glomerular Filtration, Renal Blood Flow, and Their Control

Glomerular Filtration—The First Step in Urine Formation

Determinants of the Glomerular Filtration Rate

Renal Blood Flow

Physiological Control of Glomerular Filtration and Renal Blood Flow

Autoregulation of Glomerular Filtration Rate and Renal Blood Flow

Chapter 28. Renal Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion

Tubular Reabsorption is Quantitatively Large and Highly Selective

Tubular Reabsorption Includes Passive and Active Mechanisms

Reabsorption and Secretion Along Different Parts of the Nephron

Regulation of Tubular Reabsorption

Use of Clearance Methods to Quantify Kidney Function

Chapter 29. Urine Concentration and Dilution; Regulation of Extracellular Fluid Osmolarity and Sodium Concentration

Kidneys Excrete Excess Water by Forming Dilute Urine

Kidneys Conserve Water by Excreting Concentrated Urine

Countercurrent Multiplier Mechanism Produces Hyperosmotic Renal Medullary Interstitium

Loop of Henle Characteristics That Cause Solutes to be Trapped in the Renal Medulla

Control of Extracellular Fluid Osmolarity and Sodium Concentration

Osmoreceptor-ADH Feedback System

Importance of Thirst in Controlling Extracellular Fluid Osmolarity and Sodium Concentration

Chapter 30. Renal Regulation of Potassium, Calcium, Phosphate, and Magnesium; Integration of Renal Mechanisms for Control of Blood Volume and Extracellular Fluid Volume

Regulation of Extracellular Fluid Potassium Concentration and Potassium Excretion

Regulation of Renal Calcium Excretion and Extracellular Calcium Ion Concentration

Regulation of Renal Phosphate Excretion

Regulation of Renal Magnesium Excretion and Extracellular Magnesium Ion Concentration

Integration of Renal Mechanisms for Control of Extracellular Fluid

Importance of Pressure Natriuresis and Pressure Diuresis in Maintaining Body Sodium and Fluid Balance

Distribution of Extracellular Fluid Between Interstitial Spaces and Vascular System

Nervous and Hormonal Factors Increase Effectiveness of Renal–Body Fluid Feedback Control

Integrated Responses to Changes in Sodium Intake

Conditions That Cause Large Increases in Blood Volume and Extracellular Fluid Volume

Conditions That Cause Large Increases in Extracellular Fluid Volume With Normal or Reduced Blood Volume

Chapter 31. Acid–Base Regulation

Hydrogen Ion Concentration is Precisely Regulated

Acids and Bases—Definitions and Meanings

Defending Against Changes in H+ Concentration: Buffers, Lungs, and Kidneys

Buffering of H+ in the Body Fluids

Bicarbonate Buffer System

Phosphate Buffer System

Proteins are Important Intracellular Buffers

Respiratory Regulation of Acid–Base Balance

Renal Control of Acid–Base Balance

Secretion of H+ and Reabsorption of HCO3− by the Renal Tubules

Combination of Excess H+ with Phosphate and Ammonia Buffers In the Tubule Generates “New” HCO3−

Quantifying Renal Acid–Base Excretion

Regulation of Renal Tubular H+ Secretion

Renal Correction of Acidosis—Increased Excretion of H+ and Addition of HCO3− to the Extracellular Fluid

Renal Correction of Alkalosis—Decreased Tubular Secretion of H+ and Increased Excretion of HCO3−

Chapter 32. Diuretics and Kidney Diseases

Diuretics and Their Mechanisms of Action

Kidney Diseases

Acute Kidney Injury

Chronic Kidney Disease is Often Associated With Irreversible Loss of Functional Nephrons

Unit VI. Blood Cells, Immunity, and Blood Coagulation

Chapter 33. Red Blood Cells, Anemia, and Polycythemia

Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)

Anemias

Polycythemia

Chapter 34. Resistance of the Body to Infection: I. Leukocytes, Granulocytes, the Monocyte-Macrophage System, and Inflammation

Leukocytes (White Blood Cells)

Neutrophils and Macrophages Defend Against Infections

Monocyte-Macrophage Cell System (Reticuloendothelial System)

Inflammation: Role of Neutrophils and Macrophages

Eosinophils

Basophils

Leukopenia

Leukemias

Chapter 35. Resistance of the Body to Infection: II. Immunity and Allergy

Acquired (Adaptive) Immunity

Allergy and Hypersensitivity

Chapter 36. Blood Types; Transfusion; and Tissue and Organ Transplantation

Antigenicity Causes Immune Reactions of Blood

O-A-B Blood Types

Rh Blood Types

Transfusion Reactions Resulting From Mismatched Blood Types

Transplantation of Tissues and Organs

Chapter 37. Hemostasis and Blood Coagulation

Hemostasis Events

Mechanism of Blood Coagulation

Conditions That Cause Excessive Bleeding in Humans

Thromboembolic Conditions

Anticoagulants for Clinical Use

Blood Coagulation Tests

Unit VII. Respiration

Chapter 38. Pulmonary Ventilation

Mechanics of Pulmonary Ventilation

Pulmonary Volumes and Capacities

Alveolar Ventilation

Chapter 39. Pulmonary Circulation, Pulmonary Edema, and Pleural Fluid

Physiological Anatomy of the Pulmonary Circulatory System

Pressures in the Pulmonary System

Blood Volume of the Lungs

Blood Flow Through the Lungs And its Distribution

Effect of Hydrostatic Pressure Gradients in the Lungs on Regional Pulmonary Blood Flow

Pulmonary Capillary Dynamics

Fluid in the Pleural Cavity

Chapter 40. Principles of Gas Exchange; Diffusion of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Through the Respiratory Membrane

Compositions of Alveolar Air and Atmospheric Air are Different

Diffusion of Gases Through the Respiratory Membrane

Chapter 41. Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Blood and Tissue Fluids

Transport of Oxygen from the Lungs to the Body Tissues

Transport of Co2 in Blood

Respiratory Exchange Ratio

Chapter 42. Regulation of Respiration

Respiratory Center

Chemical Control of Respiration

Peripheral Chemoreceptor System—Role of Oxygen in Respiratory Control

Regulation of Respiration During Exercise

Chapter 43. Respiratory Insufficiency—Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Oxygen Therapy

Useful Methods for Studying Respiratory Abnormalities

Pathophysiology of Specific Pulmonary Abnormalities

Hypoxia and Oxygen Therapy

Hypercapnia—Excess Carbon Dioxide in the Body Fluids

Artificial Respiration

Unit VIII. Aviation, Space, and Deep-Sea Diving Physiology

Chapter 44. Aviation, High Altitude, and Space Physiology

Effects of Low Oxygen Pressure on the Body

Chapter 45. Physiology of Deep-Sea Diving and Other Hyperbaric Conditions

Effect of High Partial Pressures of Individual Gases on the Body

Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus (Scuba) Diving

Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy

Unit IX. The Nervous System: A. General Principles and Sensory Physiology

Chapter 46. Organization of the Nervous System, Basic Functions of Synapses, and Neurotransmitters

General Design of the Nervous System

Major Levels of Central Nervous System Function

Comparison of the Nervous System to A Computer

Central Nervous System Synapses

Special Characteristics of Synaptic Transmission

Chapter 47. Sensory Receptors, Neuronal Circuits for Processing Information

Types of Sensory Receptors and the Stimuli they Detect

Transduction of Sensory Stimuli Into Nerve Impulses

Signal Intensity Transmission in Nerve Tracts—Spatial and Temporal Summation

Transmission and Processing of Signals in Neuronal Pools

Instability and Stability of Neuronal Circuits

Chapter 48. Somatic Sensations: I. General Organization, Tactile and Position Senses

Sensory Pathways for Transmitting Somatic Signals Into the Central Nervous System

Transmission in the Dorsal Column–Medial Lemniscal System

Transmission of Sensory Signals in the Anterolateral Pathway

CHAPTER 49. Somatic Sensations: II. Pain, Headache, and Thermal Sensations

Fast Pain and Slow Pain and Their Qualities

Pain Receptors and Their Stimulation

Dual Pathways for Transmission of Pain Signals Into the Central Nervous System

Pain Suppression (Analgesia) System in the Brain and Spinal Cord

Referred Pain

Thermal Sensations

Unit X. The Nervous System: B. The Special Senses

Chapter 50. The Eye: I. Optics of Vision

Physical Principles of Optics

Optics of the Eye

Fluid System of the Eye—Intraocular Fluid

Chapter 51. The Eye: II. Receptor and Neural Function of the Retina

Anatomy and Function of the Structural Elements of the Retina

Photochemistry of Vision

Color Vision

Neural Function of the Retina

Chapter 52. The Eye: III. Central Neurophysiology of Vision

Visual Pathways

Organization and Function of the Visual Cortex

Neuronal Patterns of Stimulation During Analysis of Visual Images

Eye Movements and Their Control

Autonomic Control of Accommodation and Pupillary Aperture

Chapter 53. The Sense of Hearing

Tympanic Membrane and the Ossicular System

Cochlea

Central Auditory Mechanisms

Chapter 54. The Chemical Senses—Taste and Smell

Sense of Taste

Sense of Smell

Unit XI. The Nervous System: C. Motor and Integrative Neurophysiology

Chapter 55. Spinal Cord Motor Functions; the Cord Reflexes

Organization of the Spinal Cord for Motor Functions

Muscle Sensory Receptors—Muscle Spindles and Golgi Tendon Organs—and Their Roles in Muscle Control

Flexor Reflex and the Withdrawal Reflexes

Crossed Extensor Reflex

Reciprocal Inhibition and Reciprocal Innervation

Reflexes of Posture and Locomotion

Chapter 56. Cortical and Brain Stem Control of Motor Function

Motor Cortex and Corticospinal Tract

Control of Motor Functions by the Brain Stem

Vestibular Sensations and Maintenance of Equilibrium

Chapter 57. Cerebellum and Basal Ganglia Contributions to Overall Motor Control

The Cerebellum and its Motor Functions

The Basal Ganglia and Their Motor Functions

Integration of the Many Parts of the Total Motor Control System

Chapter 58. Cerebral Cortex, Intellectual Functions of the Brain, Learning, and Memory

Physiologic Anatomy of the Cerebral Cortex

Functions of Specific Cortical Areas

The Corpus Callosum and Anterior Commissure Transfer Thoughts, Memories, Training, and Other Information Between the Two Cerebral Hemispheres

Thoughts, Consciousness, and Memory

Chapter 59. The Limbic System and the Hypothalamus—Behavioral and Motivational Mechanisms of the Brain

Activating—Driving Systems Of The Brain

Limbic System

The Hypothalamus, a Major Control Headquarters for the Limbic System

Specific Functions Of Other Parts Of The Limbic System

Chapter 60. States of Brain Activity—Sleep, Brain Waves, Epilepsy, Psychoses, and Dementia

Sleep

Brain Waves

Roles of Specific Neurotransmitter Systems in Brain Disorders

Alzheimer's Disease—Amyloid Plaques and Depressed Memory

Chapter 61. The Autonomic Nervous System and the Adrenal Medulla

General Organization of the Autonomic Nervous System

Basic Characteristics of Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Function

Selective Stimulation of Target Organs by Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Systems or “Mass Discharge”

Pharmacology of the Autonomic Nervous System

Chapter 62. Cerebral Blood Flow, Cerebrospinal Fluid, and Brain Metabolism

Cerebral Blood Flow

Cerebrospinal Fluid System

Brain Metabolism

Unit XII. Gastrointestinal Physiology

Chapter 63. General Principles of Gastrointestinal Function—Motility, Nervous Control, and Blood Circulation

General Principles of Gastrointestinal Motility

Neural Control of Gastrointestinal Function—Enteric Nervous System

Hormonal Control of Gastrointestinal Motility

Functional Movements in the Gastrointestinal Tract

Gastrointestinal Blood Flow—Splanchnic Circulation

Chapter 64. Propulsion and Mixing of Food in the Alimentary Tract

Ingestion of Food

Motor Functions of the Stomach

Movements of the Small Intestine

Movements of the Colon

Other Autonomic Reflexes That Affect Bowel Activity

Chapter 65. Secretory Functions of the Alimentary Tract

General Principles of Alimentary Tract Secretion

Secretion of Saliva

Gastric Secretion

Pancreatic Secretion

Bile Secretion by the Liver

Secretions of the Small Intestine

Chapter 66. Digestion and Absorption in the Gastrointestinal Tract

Digestion of Various Foods by Hydrolysis

Basic Principles of Gastrointestinal Absorption

Absorption in the Small Intestine

Absorption in the Large Intestine: Formation of Feces

Chapter 67. Physiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders

Unit XIII. Metabolism and Temperature Regulation

Chapter 68. Metabolism of Carbohydrates and Formation of Adenosine Triphosphate

Chapter 69. Lipid Metabolism

Basic Chemical Structure of Triglycerides (Neutral Fat)

Transport of Lipids in the Body Fluids

Chapter 70. Protein Metabolism

Chapter 71. The Liver

Fat Metabolism

Chapter 72. Dietary Balances; Regulation of Feeding; Obesity and Starvation; Vitamins and Minerals

Energy Intake And Output Balanced Under Steady-State Conditions

Regulation of Food Intake and Energy Storage

Chapter 73. Energetics and Metabolic Rate

Chapter 74. Body Temperature Regulation and Fever

Normal Body Temperatures

Body Temperature is Controlled by Balancing Heat Production and Heat Loss

Regulation of Body Temperature—Role of the Hypothalamus

Abnormalities of Body Temperature Regulation

Unit XIV. Endocrinology and Reproduction

Chapter 75. Introduction to Endocrinology

Coordination of Body Functions by Chemical Messengers

Chemical Structure and Synthesis of Hormones

Hormone Secretion, Transport, and Clearance from the Blood

Mechanisms of Action of Hormones

Chapter 76. Pituitary Hormones and Their Control by the Hypothalamus

Pituitary Gland and its Relation to the Hypothalamus

Hypothalamus Controls Pituitary Secretion

Physiological Functions of Growth Hormone

Posterior Pituitary Gland and its Relation to the Hypothalamus

Chapter 77. Thyroid Metabolic Hormones

Synthesis and Secretion of the Thyroid Metabolic Hormones

Physiological Functions of the Thyroid Hormones

Regulation of Thyroid Hormone Secretion

Chapter 78. Adrenocortical Hormones

Corticosteroids: Mineralocorticoids, Glucocorticoids, and Androgens

Synthesis and Secretion of Adrenocortical Hormones

Functions of Mineralocorticoids—Aldosterone

Functions of Glucocorticoids

Chapter 79. Insulin, Glucagon, and Diabetes Mellitus

Insulin and its Metabolic Effects

Glucagon and its Functions

Summary of Blood Glucose Regulation

Chapter 80. Parathyroid Hormone, Calcitonin, Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism, Vitamin D, Bone, and Teeth

Overview of Calcium and Phosphate Regulation in Extracellular Fluid and Plasma

Bone and its Relationship to Extracellular Calcium and Phosphate

Vitamin D

Parathyroid Hormone

Calcitonin

Summary of Control of Calcium ion Concentration

Physiology of the Teeth

Chapter 81. Reproductive and Hormonal Functions of the Male (and Function of the Pineal Gland)

Spermatogenesis

Male Sexual Act

Testosterone and Other Male Sex Hormones

Chapter 82. Female Physiology Before Pregnancy and Female Hormones

Physiologic Anatomy of the Female Sexual Organs

Oogenesis and Follicular Development in the Ovaries

Female Hormonal System

Monthly Ovarian Cycle and Function of Gonadotropic Hormones

Functions of Ovarian Hormones—Estradiol and Progesterone

Regulation of Female Monthly Rhythm—Interplay Between Ovarian and Hypothalamic-Pituitary Hormones

Female Sexual Act

Chapter 83. Pregnancy and Lactation

Maturation and Fertilization of the Ovum

Early Nutrition of the Embryo

Anatomy and Function of the Placenta

Hormonal Factors in Pregnancy

Parturition

Lactation

Chapter 84. Fetal and Neonatal Physiology

Unit XV. Sports Physiology

Chapter 85. Sports Physiology

Index

Normal Values for Selected Common Laboratory Measurements

 

 

An aparitie	2020
Autor	John E. Hall
Dimensiuni	276 x 216
Editura	Elsevier
ISBN	9780323597128
Limba	engleza
Nr pag	1152