Feigenbaum’s Echocardiography

 

Description:

 

Continuing the long-standing Feigenbaum tradition as an authoritative, comprehensive echocardiography resource, the thoroughly revised Feigenbaum's Echocardiography, Eighth Edition, helps echocardiographers, fellows, clinicians, and sonographers master the art and science of echocardiography and stay current with all that’s new in the field. Written by William F. Armstrong and Thomas Ryan, it guides you through pertinent physics, technology, clinical applications, and new developments in the field.  As in the past, the book is written primarily for the practitioner who uses echocardiographic methods to care for and manage patients, with a focus on appropriate clinical applications.

 

 

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Table of Contents:

 

Chapter 1 History of Echocardiography

 

Development of Various Echocardiographic Technologies

Recording Echocardiograms

Cardiac Sonographers

Echocardiographic Education and Organizations

 

Chapter 2 Physics and Instrumentation

 

Physical Principles

Interaction Between Ultrasound and Tissue

The Transducer

Manipulating the Ultrasound Beam

Resolution

Creating the Image

Transmitting Ultrasound Energy

Display Options

Tradeoffs in Image Creation

Signal Processing

Tissue Harmonic Imaging

Artifacts

Doppler Echocardiography

Principles of Doppler Ultrasound

Doppler Formats

Color Flow Imaging

Technical Limitations of Color Doppler Imaging

Doppler Artifacts

Tissue Doppler Imaging

Biologic Effects of Ultrasound

 

Chapter 3 Contrast Echocardiography

 

Source of Ultrasound Contrast

Contrast Agents

Safety of Ultrasound Contrast

Ultrasound Interaction With Contrast Agents

Detection Methods

Machine Settings

Intermittent Imaging

Low Mechanical Index Imaging

Clinical Uses of Ultrasound Contrast

Clinical Uses of Saline Contrast

Detection of Miscellaneous Conditions

Artifacts and Pitfalls

Detection and Utilization of Left Ventricular Contrast

Miscellaneous Application of Left Ventricular Contrast

Enhancement of Doppler Signals

Contrast Artifacts

Myocardial Perfusion Contrast Echocardiography

 

Chapter 4 the Comprehensive Echocardiographic Examination

 

A Quality Echocardiographic Laboratory

Appropriate Use Criteria

Approach to the Echocardiographic Examination

Patient Position

Placement of the Transducer

Parasternal Long-Axis Views

Parasternal Short-Axis Views

Apical Views

The Subcostal Examination

Suprasternal Views

Orientation of Two-Dimensional Images

Echocardiographic Measurements

Left Ventricular Wall Segments

M-Mode Examination

Transesophageal Echocardiography

Transesophageal Echocardiographic Views

Three-Dimensional Echocardiography

Point-Of-Care Cardiac Ultrasound

Echocardiography As A Screening Test

The Digital Echo Laboratory

Training and Competency in Echocardiography

 

Chapter 5 Evaluation of Systolic Function of the Left Ventricle

 

General Principles

Linear Measurements

Indirect M-Mode Markers of Left Ventricular Function

Measurements From Standard Two-Dimensional Imaging

Automated Edge Detection

Assessment of Left Ventricular Function With Three-Dimensional Echocardiography

Strain and Strain Rate Imaging (Deformation Imaging)

Ventricular Torsion

Assessment of Regional Left Ventricular Function

Quantitative Techniques

Determination of Left Ventricular Mass

Physiologic Versus Pathologic Hypertrophy

Miscellaneous Techniques for Evaluation of Left Ventricular Function

Tissue Doppler Color M-Mode

Myocardial Performance Index

Determination of Left Ventricular dP/dt

Left Ventricular Wall Stress

Doppler Evaluation of Global Left Ventricular Function

Nonischemic Wall Motion Abnormalities

Premature Ventricular Contractions

Ventricular Pacing

Pericardial Constriction

Ventricular Pre-Excitation

Postoperative Cardiac Motion

Posterior Compression

 

Chapter 6 Evaluation of Diastolic Function

 

Basic Diastolic Physiology

Grades of Diastolic Dysfunction

Normal Diastolic Function

Impaired Relaxation (Grade I)

Pseudonormalization (Grade II)

Restrictive Filling (Grade III)

Echo Doppler Parameters of Diastolic Function

Isovolumic Relaxation Time

Mitral Inflow

Color M-Mode Flow Propagation Velocity (Vp)

Tissue Doppler Mitral Annular Velocity

Pulmonary Venous Flow Patterns

Left Atrial Volume

The Valsalva Maneuver

Other Markers of Diastolic Dysfunction

A Comprehensive Approach to Diastolic Dysfunction

Guidelines for the Assessment of Diastolic Dysfunction

Approach to the Patient With Reduced Ejection Fraction

Approach to the Patient With Normal Ejection Fraction

Applying the Algorithms to Patients

Impaired Relaxation (Grade I)

Pseudonormal (Grade II)

Restrictive Filling (Grade III)

Serial Changes in Diastolic Function

Stress Testing to Assess Diastolic Function

The Differential Diagnosis of Heart Failure With Normal Ejection Fraction

Evaluation of Diastolic Dysfunction in Specific Patient Groups

Sinus Tachycardia

Atrial Fibrillation

Mitral Valve Disease

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Prognosis in Patients With Diastolic Dysfunction

 

Chapter 7 Left and Right Atrium, and Right Ventricle

 

Left Atrium

Left Atrial Dimensions and Volume

Left Atrial Function

Atrial Septum

Pulmonary Veins

Right Atrium

Right Atrial Thrombi

Right Atrial Blood Flow

Right Ventricle

Right Ventricular Dimensions and Volumes

Right Ventricular Overload

Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy

 

Chapter 8 Hemodynamics

 

Use of M-Mode and Two-Dimensional Echocardiography

Quantifying Blood Flow

Clinical Application of Blood Flow Measurement

Measuring Pressure Gradients

Applications of the Bernoulli Equation

Determining Pressure Half-Time

The Continuity Equation

Proximal Isovelocity Surface Area

Myocardial Performance Index

 

Chapter 9 Pericardial Diseases

 

Clinical Overview

Echocardiographic and Multimodality Evaluation of the Pericardium

Detection and Quantitation of Pericardial Fluid

Direct Visualization of the Pericardium

Differentiation of Pericardial From Pleural Effusion

Cardiac Tamponade

Echocardiographic Findings in Cardiac Tamponade

Doppler Findings in Tamponade

Pericardial Constriction

Echocardiographic Diagnosis

Doppler Echocardiographic Findings in Constriction

Effusive Constrictive Pericarditis

Constrictive Pericarditis Versus Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

Miscellaneous Pericardial Disorders

Postprocedural Effusions

Echocardiography-Guided Pericardiocentesis

Absence of the Pericardium

Pericardial Cysts

 

Chapter 10 Aortic Valve Disease

 

Bicuspid Aortic Valve

Aortic Stenosis

Role of 2D Echocardiography

Doppler Assessment of Aortic Stenosis

Other Approaches to Quantifying Stenosis

Defining the Severity of Aortic Stenosis

Classification of Aortic Stenosis

Natural History of Aortic Stenosis

Clinical Decision Making

Aortic Regurgitation

Appropriate Use Criteria

M-Mode and Two-Dimensional Imaging

Establishing a Diagnosis of Aortic Regurgitation

Evaluating the Severity of Aortic Regurgitation

Acute Versus Chronic Aortic Regurgitation

Assessing the Left Ventricle

Miscellaneous Abnormalities of the Aortic Valve

Chapter 11 Mitral Valve Disease

 

Anatomy of the Mitral Valve

Physiology of Mitral Valve Disease

Mitral Stenosis

Two-Dimensional Echocardiography in Rheumatic Mitral Stenosis

Congenital Mitral Stenosis

M-Mode Echocardiography

Transesophageal and Three-Dimensional Echocardiography

Anatomic Determination of Severity

Doppler Echocardiographic Determination of Severity

Exercise Gradients

Secondary Features of Mitral Stenosis

Secondary Pulmonary Hypertension

Decision Making Regarding Intervention

Mitral Regurgitation

Doppler Evaluation of Mitral Regurgitation

Determination of Mitral Regurgitation Severity

Other Considerations in Assessing Mitral Regurgitation

Flail Leaflets

Functional Mitral Regurgitation

Mitral Valve Prolapse

Miscellaneous Mitral Valve Abnormalities

Surgical Repair

Calcification of the Mitral Annulus

Tumors of the Mitral Valve

Aneurysms of the Mitral Valve

Endocarditis and Valve Perforation

Cleft Mitral Valve

Annular Dehiscence

Radiation Damage

Carcinoid and Diet–Drug Valvulopathy

 

Chapter 12 Tricuspid and Pulmonary Valves

 

Clinical Overview

Pulmonary Valve

Pulmonary Valve Stenosis

Pulmonary Valve Regurgitation

Miscellaneous Abnormalities of the Pulmonary Valve

Evaluation of the Right Ventricular Outflow Tract

Tricuspid Valve

Doppler Evaluation of the Tricuspid Valve

Tricuspid Stenosis

Tricuspid Regurgitation

Ischemic Heart Disease

Quantitation of Tricuspid Regurgitation

Determination of Right Ventricular Systolic Pressure

Miscellaneous Conditions of the Tricuspid Valve

Carcinoid Heart Disease

Endocardial Fibroelastosis

Ebstein Anomaly

Tricuspid Valve Resection

Tumors and Other Masses

 

Chapter 13 Infective Endocarditis

 

Clinical Perspective

Echocardiographic Characteristics of Vegetation

Diagnostic Accuracy of Echocardiography

Multimodality Imaging

Evolution of the Diagnostic Criteria

Complications of Endocarditis

Prognosis and Predicting Risk

Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis

Infected Intracardiac Devices

Right-Sided Endocarditis

Clinical Approach to the Patient With Endocarditis

 

Chapter 14 Prosthetic Valves and Structural Heart Disease Interventions

 

Types of Prosthetic Valves

Normal Prosthetic Valve Function

Application of Echocardiography to Patients With Prosthetic Valves

General Approach to Prosthetic Valves

Prosthetic Aortic Valves

Transcatheter Aortic Valves

Prosthetic Mitral Valves

Transcatheter Mitral Valve Repair

Specific Causes of Dysfunction

Obstruction

Infective Endocarditis

Mechanical Failure

Right-Sided Prosthetic Valves

Mitral Valve Repair

 

Chapter 15 Echocardiography and Coronary Artery Disease

 

Clinical Overview

Pathophysiology of Coronary Syndromes

Detection and Quantitation of Wall Motion Abnormalities

Role of the Three-Dimensional Echocardiography

Doppler Tissue Imaging and Speckle Tracking

Other Methods for Evaluating Ischemic Myocardium

Echocardiographic Evaluation of Clinical Syndromes

Angina Pectoris

Acute Myocardial Infarction

Natural History of Wall Motion Abnormalities

Prognostic Implications

Complications of Acute Myocardial Infarction

Pericardial Effusion

Mechanical Complications of Acute Myocardial Infarction

Free-Wall Rupture

Ventricular Thrombus

Right Ventricular Infarction

Acute Mitral Regurgitation

Ventricular Septal Rupture

Cardiogenic Shock

Chronic Coronary Artery Disease

Left Ventricular Aneurysm

Left Ventricular Pseudoaneurysm

Chronic Remodeling

Mural Thrombus

Mitral Regurgitation

Chronic Ischemic Dysfunction

Direct Coronary Visualization

Kawasaki Disease

 

Chapter 16 Stress Echocardiography

 

Physiologic Basis

Methodology

Treadmill Exercise

Bicycle Ergometry

Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography

Dipyridamole and Adenosine

Three-Dimensional Stress Echocardiography

Choosing Among the Different Stress Modalities

Interpretation of Stress Echocardiography

Categorization of Wall Motion

Wall Motion Response to Stress

Strain Imaging

Localization of Coronary Artery Lesions

Correlation With Symptoms and Electrocardiographic Changes

Accuracy for the Detection of Coronary Artery Disease

Role of Myocardial Perfusion Imaging

Comparison With Nuclear Techniques

Clinical Application of Stress Echocardiography

Prognostic Value of Stress Echocardiography

Stress Echocardiography in Patients With Acute Chest Pain

Stress Echocardiography After Myocardial Infarction

Stress Echocardiography After Revascularization

Preoperative Risk Assessment

Stress Echocardiography in Women

Assessment of Myocardial Viability

Stress Echocardiography in Nonischemic Heart Disease

Diastolic Stress Echocardiography

 

Chapter 17 Dilated Cardiomyopathies

 

Clinical and Echocardiographic Overview

Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Doppler Evaluation of Systolic and Diastolic Function

Secondary Findings in Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Etiology of Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Determination of Prognosis in Dilated Cardiomyopathy

The Role of Echocardiography in Basic and Advanced Therapy

Biventricular Pacing for Cardiomyopathy

Cardiac Transplantation

Ventricular Assist Devices

Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction

Myocarditis

Peripartum Cardiomyopathy

Chagas Myocarditis

 

Chapter 18 Hypertrophic and Other Cardiomyopathies

 

Overview

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Echocardiographic Evaluation of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Role of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Assessment of the Left Ventricular Outflow Tract in Obstructive Cardiomyopathy

Mitral Regurgitation in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Variants of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Midcavitary Obstruction

End-Stage Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Screening of Family Members

Conditions Mimicking Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Monitoring Therapy for Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Infiltrative and Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

Echocardiographic Evaluation of Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

Cardiac Amyloidosis

Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

Endocardial Fibroelastosis and Hypereosinophilic Syndrome

Muscular Dystrophy/Glycogen Storage Disease

Uhl Disease

 

 

Chapter 19 Congenital Heart Diseases

 

The Echocardiographic Examination: A Segmental Approach to Anatomy

Cardiac Situs

Ventricular Morphology

Great Artery Connections

Abnormalities of Right Ventricular Inflow

Abnormalities of Left Ventricular Inflow

Pulmonary Veins

Left Atrium

Mitral Valve

Abnormalities of Right Ventricular Outflow

Right Ventricle

Pulmonary Valve

Pulmonary Artery

Abnormalities of Left Ventricular Outflow

Subvalvular Obstruction

Valvular Aortic Stenosis

Supravalvular Aortic Stenosis

Coarctation of the Aorta

Abnormalities of Cardiac Septation

Atrial Septal Defect

Ventricular Septal Defect

Endocardial Cushion Defect

Abnormal Vascular Connections and Structures

Patent Ductus Arteriosus

Abnormal Systemic Venous Connections

Abnormalities of the Coronary Circulation

Tetralogy of Fallot

Transposition of the Great Arteries

Tricuspid Atresia

The Fontan Procedure

Chapter 20 Diseases of the Aorta

 

Normal Aortic Anatomy

Echocardiographic Evaluation

Aortic Dilation and Aneurysm

Marfan Syndrome

Sinus of Valsalva Aneurysm

Aortic Dissection

Echocardiographic Diagnosis of Aortic Dissection

Intramural Hematoma

Complications and Natural History of Aortic Dissection

Aortic Atheroma

Miscellaneous Conditions

Coarctation of the Aorta

Aortic Pseudoaneurysm

Aortic Trauma

Infections of the Aorta

Aortic Thrombus

Takayasu Arteritis

 

Chapter 21 Masses, Tumors, and Source of Embolus

 

Normal Variants and Artifacts: Sources of False-Positive Findings

Role of Echocardiography

Cardiac Tumors

Primary Benign Tumors

Primary Malignant Tumors

Metastatic Tumors to the Heart

Intracardiac Thrombi

Left Ventricular Thrombi

Left Atrial Thrombi

Right Atrial Thrombi

Spontaneous Echo Contrast

Role of Echocardiography in Systemic Embolus

Pseudotumors and Other Cardiac Masses

 

Chapter 22 Echocardiography in Systemic Disease and Specific Clinical Presentations

 

Echocardiography and Systemic Disease

Hypertension

Diabetes Mellitus

Thyroid Disease

Chronic Renal Insufficiency

Connective Tissue/Autoimmune Disease

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome

Scleroderma/Raynaud Phenomenon

Chronic Liver Disease and Cirrhosis

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Pulmonary Hypertension

Miscellaneous Diseases

Sarcoidosis

Hemochromatosis

Tuberous Sclerosis

Hypereosinophilia

Carcinoid Syndrome

Sickle Cell Anemia

Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Diet–Drug Valvulopathy

Clinical Presentations and Problem Solving

Congestive Heart Failure

Acute Pulmonary Embolus

Echocardiographic Findings

Atrial Fibrillation

Takotsubo Syndrome

Neurogenic Myocardial Stunning

Syncope

Cardio-Oncology

Radiation-Induced Cardiac Disease

Screening for Athletic Competition and the Athlete’s Heart

The Heart in Pregnancy

Effects of Advanced Age

 

Chapter 23 Echocardiography in the Intensive Care Unit, Operating Room, and Electrophysiology Laboratory

 

Evaluation of Patients in the Medical and Surgical Intensive Care Unit

Hypotension and Shock

Evaluation of the Hypoxic Patient

Echocardiography in the Neurosurgical and Neurology ICU

Echocardiographic Monitoring of Patients on Circulatory Support

Echocardiography in the Emergency Department

Echocardiography Following Cardiac Arrest

Pre-, Intra-, and Postoperative Echocardiography

Role of Echocardiography in Mitral Valve Surgery

Tricuspid Valve Repair

Role of Echocardiography in Aortic Valve Procedures

Miscellaneous Applications

Other Intraoperative Observations Following Cardiac Surgery

Intraoperative Monitoring for Noncardiac Procedures

Postoperative Cardiac Surgery Complications

Role in Electrophysiology Procedures

Index

 

An aparitie	20 Oct. 2018
Autor	William F. Armstrong , Thomas Ryan MD
Dimensiuni	21.34 x 3.56 x 28.19 cm
Editura	LWW
Format	Hardcover
ISBN	9781451194272
Limba	Engleza
Nr pag	980
Versiune digitala	DA