Cardiac Care: A Practical Guide for Nurses

 

A PRACTICAL GUIDE FOR NURSES

In the newly revised Second Edition of Cardiac Care: A Practical Guide for Nurses, a team of dedicated and widely recognised nursing medical experts from around the world deliver an invaluable and practical guide for nurses who practice in cardiac care environments.

This latest edition includes brand new chapters on structural heart disease, takotsubo syndrome, and non-obstructive coronary artery disease. While also covering the essential topics necessary for the proper provision of cardiac care, this practical guide for nurses provides:

A thorough introduction to cardiac practice, including the mechanics of the cardiovascular systems and the regulation of cardiac and vascular function

Comprehensive exploration of cardiovascular disease assessment, including risk factors for cardiovascular disease, laboratory tests, and diagnostic procedures

Practical discussions of the detection and management of heart rhythm disturbances, including ECG interpretation, cardiac monitoring, and arrhythmias

In-depth examinations of the detection and management of acute coronary syndromes, including chest pain assessment and discharge planning

Chapter overviews, key concepts, learning objectives and activities, with critical points intermingled throughout

 

Perfect for practicing nurses who care for patients with cardiac conditions, Cardiac Care: A Practical Guide for Nurses will also earn a place in the libraries of other allied health professionals in cardiac care settings.

 

Table of Contents:

 

Part I: Knowledge for Practice

1 Mechanics of the Cardiovascular System

Overview

Basic Heart Anatomy

References

2 Regulation of Cardiac and Vascular Function

Overview

Central Nervous System Regulation of the Cardiovascular System

Vasomotor Control

Baroreceptors

Gravity and Venous Return

Chemoreceptors

Humoral Control

Electrolytes

Conclusion

References

3 Cardiac Electrophysiology

Overview

Cardiac Cells

The Action Potential

The Action Potential in Non‐Pacemaker Cells

The Cardiac Conduction System

The Electrocardiogram

Conclusion

References

4 The Coronary Circulation

Overview

The Coronary Circulation

The Left Main Coronary Artery

The Left Anterior Descending Artery

The Left Circumflex Artery

The Right Coronary Artery

Collateral Circulation

Microvascular Circulation

Coronary Venous Circulation

References

Part II: Cardiovascular Disease Assessment

5 Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease

Overview

Absolute Risk

Classification of Risk Factors for CVD

Biomedical Risk Factors

Behavioural Risk Factors

Psychosocial Risk Factors

Conclusion

References

6 Cardiovascular Assessment

Overview

Health History

Physical Examination

Conclusion

References

7 Laboratory Tests Used in Acute Cardiac Assessment

Overview

Generic Laboratory Tests

Common Laboratory Tests Used in Cardiovascular Disease

Laboratory Specimen Collection

Conclusion

References

8 Diagnostic Procedures

Overview

Purpose of Diagnostic Tests

Preparation for Diagnostic Procedures

Medical Imaging Tests

Electrocardiography Tests

Physiological Testing

Stress Testing

Conclusion

References

Part III: Detection and Management of Heart Rhythm Disturbances

9 Electrocardiogram (ECG) Interpretation

Overview

Normal Sequence of Depolarisation and Repolarisation

Theoretical Basis of Electrocardiography

ECG Leads

The Cardiac Axis

Determination of Heart Rate and Electrocardiographic Intervals

Chamber Enlargement

Bundle Branch Block

ECG Changes Related to Myocardial Ischaemia and Infarction

Myocardial Infarction

The ST‐Segment

Pericarditis

Key Point

T‐Wave Abnormalities

Q‐Waves

Site of Infarction

Incremental ECG Leads

Obtaining a 12‐Lead ECG

Equipment Preparation

Patient Preparation

Conclusion

References

10 Cardiac Monitoring in the Clinical Setting

Overview

ECG Monitoring Systems and Lead Formats

Three‐Electrode Monitoring Systems

Five‐Electrode Monitoring Systems

Twelve‐Lead (10 Electrode) Monitoring Systems

Telemetry Monitoring Systems

Indications for Arrhythmia Monitoring in the Clinical Setting

Alarm Fatigue

References

11 Arrhythmias

Overview

Mechanisms of Arrhythmia Generation

Ectopy, Aberrancy and Escape Beats

Sinus Dysrhythmias

Atrial Dysrhythmias

Ventricular Rhythms and Tachyarrhythmias

Heart Block Related to Atrioventricular Nodal Conduction

Conclusion

References

12 Assessment and Management of Cardiac Rhythm Disturbances (Arrhythmias)

Overview

Assessment

Taking a Clinical History

Physical Examination

Diagnostic Investigations

Smartphone Technology

Imaging

Diagnosis of Cardiac Channelopathies

Treatment Strategies for Arrhythmia

Pharmacological Therapy

Electrical (Direct Current) Synchronised Cardioversion

Defibrillation

Cardiac Ablation

Temporary Pacing

Temporary Transvenous Pacing

Transcutaneous Pacing

Other Forms of Temporary Pacing

Implantable Cardiac Devices

Implantable Pacemakers

Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators

Implantation Procedure for Cardiac Devices

Implantable Device Complications

Practical Advice for Patients Following Device Implantation

Advanced Nursing Roles in Arrhythmia Management

References

Part IV: Detection and Management of Acute Coronary Syndromes

13 Pathogenesis of Acute Coronary Syndromes

Overview

Acute Coronary Syndrome

Atherosclerosis

Endothelial Dysfunction

Inflammation

Plaque Rupture and Thrombosis

Pathological Characteristics of Myocardial Ischaemia and Infarction

Conclusion

References

14 Chest Pain Assessment

Overview

Background

Coronary Heart Disease

Angina Pectoris

Acute Coronary Syndrome

Myocardial Infarction with Non‐Obstructive Coronaries (MINOCA)

Presentation with Chest Pain in the Emergency Department

Typical Clinical Presentation of Ischaemic Chest Pain

Atypical Presentations

Chest Pain Assessment

Physical Examination in ACS Patients

The 12‐lead Electrocardiogram in ACS

Troponin

Clinical Assessment and Risk Stratification in ACS

Conclusion

References

15 Risk Stratification in Acute Coronary Syndromes

Overview

Background

The Nature of Risk in Cardiovascular Disease

Risk Stratification for Differentiating Between Likely Cardiac‐Related Pain and Non‐Cardiac Pain

Risk Stratification Tools

The HEART Score

Rule‐in/Rule‐out Strategies for NSTE‐ACS

Conclusion

References

16 Management of Acute Coronary Syndromes

Overview

Background

Considerations in Nursing Care of the Patient with Acute Coronary Syndrome

ST Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome (STE‐ACS)

ST‐segment Myocardial Infarction (STEMI)

Ischaemic ECG Abnormalities not Meeting STEMI Criteria

Cardiac Biomarkers in STEMI

Principles of Reperfusion Strategies

Mechanical Reperfusion

Role of the Nurse when Caring for a Patient Receiving Thrombolysis

Complications of STEMI

Non‐ST‐segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome (NSTE‐ACS)

Convalescence and Secondary Prevention

Conclusion

References

17 Discharge Planning and Convalescence

Overview

Hospitalisation

Patient and Partner Reactions and Needs after an Acute Cardiac Event

Discharge Planning

High‐Risk Groups

Convalescence

Promoting Self‐Care and Self‐Management in the Convalescent Phase

Common Concerns of Partners and Family Members

Facilitating Convalescence

Home‐Based Services

Nurse‐Led Clinics

Community Health Workers

Information Technology

Nursing Strategies to Promote Convalescence

Palliative Care

Conclusion

References

18 Prevention Strategies in Cardiovascular Disease

Overview

Prevention Strategies

Primary Prevention in Cardiovascular Disease

Secondary Prevention in Cardiovascular Disease

Target Population for Secondary Prevention

Cardiac Rehabilitation

Assessment and Short‐Term Monitoring

Lifestyle/Behavioural Modification

Psychosocial Risk Factors

Medication Adherence

Recovery and Longer‐Term Maintenance

Conclusion

References

Part V: Cardiac Arrest

19 Sudden Cardiac Death

Overview

Background

Burden of Disease

Risk Factors for Sudden Cardiac Death

Screening in the General Population for Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death

Mechanisms of Sudden Cardiac Death

Sudden Cardiac Death in Structural Heart Disease

Cardiomyopathies and Sudden Cardiac Death

Inherited Primary Arrhythmia Syndromes

Sudden Cardiac Death Related to Special Populations

Impact of Sudden Cardiac Death on Families and Loved Ones

Conclusion

References

20 Pre‐hospital Management of Cardiac Emergencies

Overview

Introduction

Hazards to the Victim and Rescuer

Scene Safety

Risks to the Rescuer

Resuscitation During the COVID‐19 Pandemic

Risks to the Victim

Circumstances that make OHCA Different from Hospital Resuscitation

Pauses in Chest Compressions

Automated External Defibrillation

Practical Factors Affecting Defibrillation

Chest Compressions Following Defibrillation

Conclusion

References

21 In‐Hospital Resuscitation

Overview

Prevention: Systems for Identifying Patients at Risk of Cardiac Arrest

Recommended Strategies for the Prevention of Avoidable Cardiac Arrest

Rescuer Safety

Equipment

Basic Life Support

Advanced Life Support

Post‐Resuscitation Care

Audit and Data Collection

Conclusion

References

22 Ethical Issues in Resuscitation and end of Life Care

Overview

Guiding Ethical Principles in Resuscitation

Medical Futility

Resuscitation Orders

Advanced Care Planning and Advanced Directives

Withdrawal of Treatment

Witnessed Resuscitation

Organ Donation

Training and Research with the Newly Dead

Conclusion

References

Part VI: Chronic Cardiac Conditions

23 Heart Failure

Overview

Definition of Heart Failure

Heart Failure Terminology

Epidemiology

Significance

Prognosis

Aetiology

Diagnosis

Investigations

Chronic Heart Failure Management

Comorbidities in Heart Failure

Systems of Care

End of Life

Conclusion

References

24 Congenital Heart Disease

Overview

Background

Epidemiology

Risk Factors for the Development of Congenital Heart Disease

Embryology

Congenital Heart Disease Classification

CHD with Shunt Between Systemic and Pulmonary Circulation

Acyanotic CHD

Acyanotic CHD with Outflow Obstruction

Cyanotic CHD

Dextrocardia

Conclusion

References

25 Structural Heart Disease

Overview

Valvular Heart Disease

Aortic Valve Disease

Cardiomyopathy

Other Forms of Cardiomyopathy

The Multidisciplinary Team Caring for Patients with Acquired Structural Heart Disease

Conclusion

References

26 Takotsubo Syndrome

Overview

Background

Epidemiology

Prognosis

Pathophysiology

Triggers for TTS

Clinical Presentation

Wall Motion Abnormalities in TTS

Cardiac Biomarkers

Diagnostic Criteria

Diagnostic Imaging

Clinical Course

Management

Conclusion

References

27 Non‐Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease (MINOCA/INOCA)

Overview

Myocardial Infarction with Non‐Obstructive Coronary Arteries (MINOCA)

Management

Conclusion

References

Index

End User License Agreement

 

An aparitie	26 Aug. 2022
Autor	Angela M. Kucia
Dimensiuni	18.9 x 2.4 x 24.6 cm
Editura	Wiley
Format	Paperback
ISBN	9781119117780
Limba	Engleza
Nr pag	480