Bates’ Nursing Guide to Physical Examination and History Taking

Description:

Adapting the proven techniques and vibrant visuals of Bates’ gold-standard assessment text specifically for nursing students, Bates’ Nursing Guide to Physical Examination and History Taking, 3rd Edition, makes essential assessment concepts accessible and helps students develop and practice the skills for success in physical examination and history taking. This extensively updated 3rd Edition combines Bates’ clear, trusted approach with the latest clinical research and evidence-based practices to give your students unparalleled preparation for effective patient assessment in today’s nursing practice.  

 

Table of Contents:

 

Unit 1: Foundations

1 Introduction to Health Assessment and Social Determinants of Health

HEALTH

HEALTH ASSESSMENT

Role of the Nurse in Assessment

REFERENCES

2 Critical Thinking and Clinical Judgment in Health Assessment

TYPES OF PATIENT DATA

Obtaining Subjective Data

NURSING PROCESS

ASSESSMENT AND ANALYSIS: THE PROCESS OF CLINICAL REASONING

Identifying Problems and Making Nursing Analyses: Steps in Clinical Reasoning

RECORDING YOUR FINDINGS: THE CASE OF MRS. N

Generating the Problem List

The Challenges of Clinical Data

Sample Progress Note

EVALUATING CLINICAL FINDINGS

LIFELONG LEARNING: INTEGRATING CLINICAL REASONING, ASSESSMENT, AND ANALYSIS OF CLINICAL EVIDENCE

BIBLIOGRAPHY

CITATIONS

ADDITIONAL REFERENCES

3 Interviewing and Communication

PHASES OF INTERVIEWING

Phase 1: Pre-Interview

Take Time for Self-Reflection

Review the Medical and Nursing Records

Set Goals for the Interview

Review Clinical Behavior and Appearance

Adjust the Environment

Take Notes

Phase 2: Introduction

Greet the Patient and Establish Rapport

Establish the Agenda

Phase 3: Working Phase

Invite the Patient’s Story

Identify and Respond to the Patient’s Emotional Cues

Expand and Clarify the Patient’s Story

Generating and Testing Diagnostic Hypotheses

Create a Shared Understanding of the Problem

Negotiate a Plan

Phase 4: Termination

Summarize Important Points and Discuss Plan

THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES

Active Listening

Guided Questioning: Options to Expand and Clarify the Patient’s Story

Nonverbal Communication

Empathic Responses

Validation

Reassurance

Summarizing

Transitions

Empowering the Patient

ADAPTING THE INTERVIEW FOR SPECIFIC PATIENTS

The Silent Patient

The Confusing Patient

The Patient with Altered Capacity

The Talkative Patient

The Crying Patient

The Angry or Disruptive Patient

The Dying Patient

The LGBTQIA Patient

The Interview across a Language Barrier

The Patient with Low Literacy

The Patient with Impaired Hearing

The Patient with Impaired Vision

The Patient with Cognitive Disabilities

The Patient with Personal Problems

Sexuality in the Nurse–Patient Relationship

ETHICS OF INTERVIEWING

BIBLIOGRAPHY

CITATIONS

ADDITIONAL REFERENCES

4 The Health History

TYPES OF PATIENT HEALTH HISTORIES

THE COMPREHENSIVE ADULT HEALTH HISTORY

Overview

Initial Information

Chief Complaint(s)

History of Present Illness

Past History

Alcohol and Drugs

Family History

Review of Systems

Health Patterns

SENSITIVE TOPICS THAT CALL FOR SPECIFIC APPROACHES

The Sexual History

The Mental Health History

Family Violence

DOCUMENTING THE HEALTH HISTORY

BIBLIOGRAPHY

CITATIONS

ADDITIONAL REFERENCES

Health Promotion and Counseling

5 Cultural and Spiritual Assessment

CULTURE AND SPIRITUALITY

CULTURAL ASSESSMENT

THE THREE DIMENSIONS OF CULTURAL HUMILITY

Self-Awareness

Respectful Communication

Collaborative Partnerships

Transcultural Perspectives on the Health History

THE HEALTH ASSESSMENT

SPIRITUAL ASSESSMENT

BIBLIOGRAPHY

CITATIONS

ADDITIONAL REFERENCES

Spiritual Care

Culture

6 Physical Examination: Getting Started

THE COMPREHENSIVE ADULT PHYSICAL EXAMINATION

Beginning the Examination: Setting the Stage

Reflecting on Your Approach to the Patient

Adjusting the Lighting and the Environment

Checking Your Equipment

Observing Standard and Universal Precautions

Making the Patient Comfortable

Patient Privacy and Comfort

Draping the Patient

Courteous Clear Instructions

Keeping the Patient Informed

THE CARDINAL TECHNIQUES OF EXAMINATION

SEQUENCE OF EXAMINATION

BIBLIOGRAPHY

CITATIONS

ADDITIONAL READINGS

7 General Survey Including Vital Signs and Pain

GENERAL SURVEY

Apparent State of Health

Level of Consciousness

Facial Expression

Posture, Gait, Motor Activity, and Speech

Odors of the Body and Breath

Skin Color and Obvious Lesions

Dress, Grooming, and Personal Hygiene

Signs of Distress

THE VITAL SIGNS

Blood Pressure

Monitoring Blood Pressure

Choice of Blood Pressure Cuff (Sphygmomanometer)

Technique for Measuring Blood Pressure

Measuring Blood Pressure

Classifications of Blood Pressure

High Blood Pressure

Low Blood Pressure

Special Circumstances

Weak or Inaudible Korotkoff Sounds

Arrhythmias

White Coat Hypertension

The Obese or Very Thin Patient

The Hypertensive Patient with Systolic Blood Pressure Higher in the Arms than the Legs

Heart Rate and Rhythm

Heart Rate

Rhythm

Respiratory Rate and Rhythm

Temperature

Oral Temperature

Tympanic Membrane Temperature

Rectal Temperature

Axillary Temperature

Temporal Artery Temperature

No-Touch Thermometers

Fever, Chills, and Night Sweats

Hypothermia

ACUTE AND CHRONIC PAIN

Assessing Acute and Chronic Pain

Onset

Location

Duration

Characteristic Symptoms

Associated Manifestations

Relieving Factors

Treatments

Health Disparities

Types of Pain

Pain Management

RECORDING YOUR FINDINGS

HEALTH PROMOTION AND COUNSELING

Blood Pressure

Pulse

Respirations

Temperature

BIBLIOGRAPHY

CITATIONS

8 Nutrition and Hydration

EVALUATING NUTRITIONAL DISORDERS

THE HEALTH HISTORY

Common or Concerning Symptoms

Changes in Weight

PHYSICAL EXAMINATION

General Survey

Height Measurement

Weight Measurement

Skin, Hair, and Nails

Head, Ears, Eyes, Nose, and Throat (HEENT)

Respiratory

Cardiovascular and Peripheral Vascular

Gastrointestinal

Musculoskeletal

Neurologic

Calculating the BMI

HEALTH PROMOTION AND COUNSELING

Important Topics for Health Promotion and Counseling

Optimal Weight, Nutrition, and Diet

Step 1: Measure the BMI and Assess Risk Factors

Step 2: Assess Dietary Intake

Step 3: Assess the Patient’s Motivation to Change

Step 4: Provide Counseling about Nutrition and Exercise

Blood Pressure and Diet

Exercise

Hydration

BIBLIOGRAPHY

ADDITIONAL REFERENCES

Unit 2: Body Systems

9 The Integumentary System

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

Skin

Hair

Nails

Sebaceous Glands and Sweat Glands

THE HEALTH HISTORY

Past History

Family History

Lifestyle and Personal Habits

PHYSICAL EXAMINATION

Skin

Color

Moisture

Temperature

Texture

Mobility and Turgor

Edema

Lesions

Color

Size

Elevation

Number

Texture

Types of Skin Lesions

Shape and Pattern

Anatomic Location and Distribution

Evaluating the Patient with Decreased Mobility

Hair

Nails

RECORDING YOUR FINDINGS

HEALTH PROMOTION AND COUNSELING

Risk Factors for Melanoma

Preventing Skin Cancer

Avoiding Ultraviolet Radiation and Tanning Beds

Regular Use of Sunscreen to Prevent Skin Cancer

Skin Cancer Screening

Clinician Screening

Patient Screening

Inspecting Moles

BIBLIOGRAPHY

CITATIONS

ADDITIONAL READINGS

10 The Head and Neck

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE HEAD

HEALTH HISTORY OF THE HEAD

Headache

Traumatic Brain Injury

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE NECK

Great Vessels

Midline Structures and Thyroid Gland

Lymph Nodes

THE HEALTH HISTORY OF THE NECK

PHYSICAL EXAMINATION

The Hair

The Scalp

The Skull

The Face

The Skin

The Neck

The Lymph Nodes

The Trachea and the Thyroid Gland

The Carotid Arteries and Jugular Veins

RECORDING YOUR FINDINGS

HEALTH PROMOTION AND COUNSELING—PREVENTION OF TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY

BIBLIOGRAPHY

CITATIONS

11 The Eyes

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

Eye Structures

Visual Fields

Visual Pathways

Pupillary Reactions

The Light Reaction

The Near Reaction

Autonomic Nerve Supply to the Eyes

Extraocular Movements

THE HEALTH HISTORY

Eye History

Family History

Lifestyle Habits

PHYSICAL EXAMINATION

Preparation of the Patient

Vision Tests

Visual Acuity Tests

Snellen Test

The “E” Chart

Near Vision Tests

Peripheral Vision

The External Eye

Position and Alignment of the Eyes

Eyebrows

Eyelids

Lacrimal Apparatus

Conjunctiva and Sclera

Cornea and Lens

Iris

Pupils

Light Reaction

Near Reaction

Extraocular Muscles

Ophthalmoscopic Examination

Preparing to Examine the Optic Disc

Positioning

The Examination

SPECIAL TECHNIQUES

For Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction

Inspection of the Upper Palpebral Conjunctiva

RECORDING THE PHYSICAL EXAMINATION OF THE EYE

HEALTH PROMOTION, DISEASE PREVENTION, AND EDUCATION

Vision Screening

Eye Protection

Care of Contact Lenses

BIBLIOGRAPHY

CITATIONS

12 Ears, Nose, Mouth, and Throat

THE EAR

The External Ear

The Middle Ear

The Inner Ear

Hearing Pathways

Equilibrium

THE HEALTH HISTORY OF THE EARS

Hearing Loss

Earache

Discharge

Tinnitus

Vertigo

Past History

Family History

Lifestyle Habits

THE NOSE AND PARANASAL SINUSES

THE HEALTH HISTORY OF THE NOSE AND SINUSES

Rhinorrhea

Congestion

Change in Sense of Smell

Past History

Family History

Lifestyle Habits

THE MOUTH AND PHARYNX

THE HEALTH HISTORY OF THE MOUTH AND PHARYNX

Past History

Family History

Lifestyle Habits

PHYSICAL EXAMINATION OF THE EAR

The Pinna (Auricle)

The Ear Canal and Drum

Testing Auditory Acuity

Testing for Conductive versus Neurosensory Hearing Loss: Tuning Fork Tests

PHYSICAL EXAMINATION OF THE NOSE

PHYSICAL EXAMINATION OF THE MOUTH AND THROAT

The Lips

The Oral Mucosa

The Gums and Teeth

The Roof of the Mouth

The Tongue and the Floor of the Mouth

The Pharynx

RECORDING YOUR FINDINGS

HEALTH PROMOTION, DISEASE PREVENTION, AND EDUCATION: THE EARS

Hearing Screening

Hearing Loss

HEALTH PROMOTION, DISEASE PREVENTION, AND EDUCATION: THE MOUTH AND THROAT

BIBLIOGRAPHY

13 The Respiratory System

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

Locating Findings on the Chest

The Vertical Axis

Circumference of the Chest

Lungs, Fissures, and Lobes

Locations on the Chest

The Trachea and Major Bronchi

The Pleurae

Breathing

THE HEALTH HISTORY

Past History

Family History

Lifestyle and Personal Habits

PHYSICAL EXAMINATION

Initial Survey of Respiration and the Thorax

Examination of the Posterior Chest

Inspection

Palpation

Percussion

Percussion Notes

Auscultation

Breath Sounds (Lung Sounds)

Adventitious (Extra) Sounds

Transmitted Voice Sounds

Examination of the Anterior Chest

Inspection

Palpation

Percussion

Auscultation

SPECIAL TECHNIQUES

Pulse Oximetry

Peak Flow Assessment

Identification of a Fractured Rib

RECORDING YOUR FINDINGS

HEALTH PROMOTION AND COUNSELING

Tobacco Cessation

Immunizations

Influenza Vaccine

Pneumococcal Vaccine

Pertussis Vaccine

COVID-19 Vaccines

BIBLIOGRAPHY

CITATIONS

ADDITIONAL REFERENCES

14 The Cardiovascular System

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

Location of the Heart and Great Vessels

The Heart Wall

Cardiac Chambers, Valves, and Circulation

The Cardiac Cycle

Ventricular Pressures

Valve Openings and Closings

The Splitting of Heart Sounds

Split S2

Split S1

Heart Murmurs

Relation of Auscultatory Findings to the Chest Wall

The Conduction System

The Heart as a Pump

Arterial Pulses and Blood Pressure

Jugular Vein Undulations

Jugular Venous Pressure

THE HEALTH HISTORY

Assessing Cardiac Symptoms—Overview and Comparison with Baseline Activity Levels

Chest Pain

Palpitations

Shortness of Breath

Cough

Edema

Nocturia

Fatigue

Cyanosis or Pallor

Past History

Family History

Lifestyle Habits

PHYSICAL EXAMINATION

Preparation of the Patient

Blood Pressure and Heart Rate

Face

Great Vessels of the Neck

The Carotid Artery Pulse

Amplitude and Contour

Thrills and Bruits

The Brachial Artery

Jugular Venous Pressure

Abdominojugular Test

The Heart

Sequence of Cardiac Examination

Inspection

Palpation

The Apical Impulse or Point of Maximal Impulse

The Right Ventricular Area

The Pulmonic Area

The Aortic Area

Percussion

Auscultation

Know Your Stethoscope

“Inching” Your Stethoscope

The Importance of Timing S1 and S2

Use Important Maneuvers

Listening for Heart Sounds

Correctly Identifying Heart Murmurs

Peripheral Edema

Integrating Cardiovascular Assessment

RECORDING YOUR FINDINGS

HEALTH PROMOTION AND COUNSELING

Profile of Cardiovascular Disease

Risk Reduction

Healthy Lifestyles

Healthy Eating

Counseling about Weight and Exercise

BIBLIOGRAPHY

CITATIONS

ADDITIONAL REFERENCES

15 The Peripheral Vascular System and Lymphatic System

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

Arteries

Veins

The Lymphatic System and Lymph Nodes

Fluid Exchange and the Capillary Bed

THE HEALTH HISTORY

Past History

Risk Factors

Family History

Lifestyle or Health Patterns

PHYSICAL EXAMINATION

Important Areas of Examination

Arms

Inspection

Palpation

Legs

Inspection

Palpation

RECORDING YOUR FINDINGS

SPECIAL TECHNIQUES

Evaluating the Arterial Supply to the Hand

Allen Test

Evaluating Arterial Supply to the Legs

Evaluating the Competency of Venous Valves

Pulsus Alternans

Paradoxical Pulse

HEALTH PROMOTION AND COUNSELING

Important Topics for Health Promotion and Counseling

BIBLIOGRAPHY

CITATIONS

ADDITIONAL REFERENCES

16 The Gastrointestinal and Renal Systems

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

THE HEALTH HISTORY

Patterns and Mechanisms of Abdominal Pain

The Gastrointestinal Tract

Upper Abdominal Pain, Discomfort, and Heartburn

Lower Abdominal Pain and Discomfort

Abdominal Pain Associated with Gastrointestinal Symptoms

Other Gastrointestinal Symptoms

The Renal System

Suprapubic Pain

Dysuria, Urgency, or Frequency

Polyuria or Nocturia

Urinary Incontinence

Hematuria

Kidney or Flank Pain; Ureteral Colic

PHYSICAL EXAMINATION

The Abdomen

Inspection

Auscultation

Percussion

Palpation

Assessment for Peritoneal Inflammation

The Liver

Percussion

Palpation

The Spleen

Percussion

Palpation

The Kidneys

Palpation

Assessing Percussion Tenderness of the Kidneys

The Bladder

The Aorta

SPECIAL TECHNIQUES

Assessing Possible Ascites

Assessing Possible Appendicitis

Assessing Possible Acute Cholecystitis

Assessing Ventral Hernias

Assessing a Mass in the Abdominal Wall

RECORDING YOUR FINDINGS

HEALTH PROMOTION

Screening for Alcohol Misuse

Prevention: Hepatitis A, B, and C

Hepatitis A

Hepatitis B

Hepatitis C

Screening for Colorectal Cancer

Risk Factors

Prevention

Screening Tests

Urinary Incontinence

BIBLIOGRAPHY

CITATIONS

17 The Breasts and Axillae

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

The Female Breast

The Male Breast

Lymphatics

THE HEALTH HISTORY

Lump or Mass

Pain or Discomfort

Change in Shape

Discharge

Edema

Rashes or Scaling

Dimpling

Retraction

Past History

Family History

Lifestyle Habits

PHYSICAL EXAMINATION

The Female Breast

Inspection

Arms at the Sides

Arms over the Head; Hands Pressed against the Hips; Leaning Forward

Palpation

The Male Breast

The Axillae

Inspection

Palpation

SPECIAL TECHNIQUES

Assessment of Nipple Discharge

Examination of the Mastectomy or Breast Augmentation Patient

Self-Awareness and Instructions for the Breast Self-Examination

RECORDING YOUR FINDINGS

HEALTH PROMOTION AND COUNSELING

Palpable Masses of the Breast and Breast Symptoms

Assessing the Risk of Breast Cancer

Selected Risk Factors that Affect Screening Decisions

BRCA1 and 2 Mutations

Benign Breast Conditions

Breast Density

Recommendations for Breast Cancer Screening and Chemoprevention

Mammography

Digital Breast Tomosynthesis

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Chemoprevention

Counseling about Breast Cancer

The Challenges of Communicating Risks and Benefits

Websites for Breast Cancer Information

BIBLIOGRAPHY

CITATIONS

18 The Musculoskeletal System

ASSESSING THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

Joint Structure and Function

Types of Joint Articulation

Synovial Joints

Cartilaginous Joints

Fibrous Joints

Structure of Synovial Joints

THE HEALTH HISTORY

Low Back Pain

Neck Pain

EXAMINATION OF THE JOINTS

EXAMINATION OF THE MUSCLES

Muscle Bulk

Muscle Tone

Muscle Strength

TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT

Overview—Bony Structures and Joints

Muscle Groups and Additional Structures

Physical Examination

Inspection and Palpation

Range of Motion and Maneuvers

Muscle Strength

THE SHOULDER

Overview

Bony Structures

Joints

Muscle Groups

The Scapulohumeral Group

The Axioscapular Group

The Axiohumeral Group

Additional Structures

Physical Examination

Inspection

Palpation

Range of Motion and Special Maneuvers

THE ELBOW

Overview, Bony Structures, and Joints

Muscle Groups and Additional Structures

Physical Examination

Inspection

Palpation

Range of Motion

Muscle Strength Tests

THE WRIST AND HANDS

Bony Structures

Joints

Muscle Groups

Additional Structures

Physical Examination

Inspection

Palpation

Wrists: Range of Motion and Maneuvers

Muscle Strength Tests

Fingers and Thumbs: Range of Motion

Finger Muscle Strength Tests

THE SPINE

Bony Structures

Joints

Muscle Groups

Physical Examination

Inspection

Palpation

Range of Motion and Maneuvers

THE HIP

Bony Structures and Joints

Muscle Groups

Additional Structures

Physical Examination

Inspection

Palpation

Range of Motion and Muscle Strength Testing

Muscle Strength Tests

THE KNEE

Bony Structures

Joints

Muscle Groups

Additional Structures

Physical Examination

Inspection

Palpation

Range of Motion

Muscle Strength Test

THE ANKLE AND FOOT

Bony Structures and Joints

Muscle Groups and Additional Structures

Physical Examination

Inspection

Palpation

Range of Motion and Muscle Strength Tests

Muscle Strength Tests

Describing Limited Motion of a Joint

SPECIAL TECHNIQUES: MEASURING THE LENGTH OF LEGS

RECORDING YOUR FINDINGS

HEALTH PROMOTION AND COUNSELING

Nutrition, Exercise, and Weight

Low Back Pain Prevention

Preventing Falls

Osteoporosis

Screening

Prevention and Treatment

BIBLIOGRAPHY

CITATIONS

19 Mental Status and Mental Health Assessment

THE HEALTH HISTORY

Attention, Mood, and Speech; Insight and Orientation

Memory Changes

Medical Symptoms without an Explanation

Understanding Symptoms

PHYSICAL EXAMINATION

Important Areas of the Mental Status Examination

Appearance and Behavior

Level of Consciousness

Dress, Grooming, and Personal Hygiene

Posture and Motor Behavior

Facial Expression

Speech and Language

Quantity

Rate

Loudness

Articulation of Words

Fluency

Mood and Affect

Mood

Affect

Thought Process and Content

Thought Process

Thought Content

Perceptions

Insight and Judgment

Insight

Judgment

Cognitive Functions

Orientation

Attention/Concentration

Memory

Higher Cognitive Functions

Information and Vocabulary

Calculation Ability

Abstract Thinking

Constructional Ability

RECORDING YOUR FINDINGS

HEALTH PROMOTION AND COUNSELING

The Mini-Mental State Examination

Anxiety

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Depression

Suicide

Substance Use Disorders, Including Alcohol and Prescription Drugs

BIBLIOGRAPHY

20 The Nervous System

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

The Central Nervous System

The Brain

The Spinal Cord

Peripheral Nervous System

The Cranial Nerves

The Peripheral Nerves

Motor Pathways

Sensory Pathways

Spinal Reflexes: The Muscle Stretch and Deep Tendon Reflexes

THE HEALTH HISTORY

Headache

Dizziness or Vertigo

Weakness

Change in or Loss of Sensation

Near Syncope and Syncope

Seizures

Tremors

PHYSICAL EXAMINATION

The Cranial Nerves

Cranial Nerve I—Olfactory

Cranial Nerve II—Optic

Cranial Nerves II and III—Optic and Oculomotor

Cranial Nerves III, IV, and VI—Oculomotor, Trochlear, and Abducens

Cranial Nerve V—Trigeminal

Cranial Nerve VII—Facial

Cranial Nerve VIII—Acoustic

Cranial Nerves IX and X—Glossopharyngeal and Vagus

Cranial Nerve XI—Spinal Accessory

Cranial Nerve XII—Hypoglossal

The Motor System

Body Position

Involuntary Movements

Muscle Bulk, Tone, and Strength

Coordination

The Sensory System

Patterns of Testing

Pain

Temperature

Light Touch

Vibration

Proprioception (Joint Position Sense)

Discriminative Sensations

Dermatomes

Muscle Stretch Reflexes (Deep Tendon Reflexes)

Reinforcement

The Biceps Reflex (C5, C6)

The Triceps Reflex (C6, C7)

The Brachioradialis Reflex (C5, C6)

The Quadriceps (Patellar) Reflex (L2, L3, L4)

The Achilles (Ankle) Reflex (Primarily S1)

Clonus

Cutaneous or Superficial Stimulation Reflexes

The Abdominal Reflexes

The Plantar Response (L5, S1)

Further Examination

SPECIAL TECHNIQUES

Assessment of the Unconscious Patient

Airway, Breathing, and Circulation

Level of Consciousness (Disability)

Evaluation of the Unconscious Patient

Meningeal Signs

Neck Mobility/Nuchal Rigidity

Brudzinski Sign

Kernig Sign

Reducing the Risk of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy

RECORDING YOUR FINDINGS

HEALTH PROMOTION AND COUNSELING

Stroke Warning Signs

Stroke Risk Factors—Primary Prevention

TIA and Stroke—Secondary Prevention

BIBLIOGRAPHY

CITATIONS

21 Reproductive Systems

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

THE HEALTH HISTORY

Menstrual History

Obstetric History

Pregnancy

Contraception

Vulvovaginal Symptoms

Sexual Health

Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity

Sexual Response

Sexually Transmitted Infections

PHYSICAL EXAMINATION

Approach to the Pelvic Examination

Rape Victims

Equipment

Positioning the Patient

External Examination

Assess the Sexual Maturity of an Adolescent Patient

Examine the External Genitalia

Internal Examination

RECORDING YOUR FINDINGS

HEALTH PROMOTION AND COUNSELING

Reproductive System Education

Changes with Menopause

Cervical Cancer Screening: The Pap Smear and HPV Infection

Cervical Cancer Screening Guidelines

The HPV Vaccine

Early Prenatal Care

Options for Family Planning

Sexually Transmitted Infections

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

Lymphatics

Anatomy of the Groin

THE HEALTH HISTORY

Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity

Sexual Response

Penile Discharge or Lesions

Scrotal Pain or Swelling

Inguinal Pail or Swelling

Problems with Urination

PHYSICAL EXAMINATION

The Penis

The Scrotum and Its Contents

Hernias

RECORDING YOUR FINDINGS

HEALTH PROMOTION AND COUNSELING

Prevention of Sexually Transmitted Infections

Testicular Cancer

Prostate Cancer

LEBTQIA HEALTH CARE

BIBLIOGRAPHY

CITATIONS

22 Putting the Physical Examination All Together

A SAMPLE OF THE SEQUENCING FOR A HEAD-TO-TOE ASSESSMENT

Patient Seated

General Survey and Observation

Mental Status

Vital Signs

Body Measurements

Integument

Head

Face

Eyes

Ears

Nose and Sinuses

Mouth and Pharynx

Neck

Posterior Thorax

Anterior Thorax

Cardiac

Breasts

Axillary Nodes

Patient Lying Down

Cardiovascular

Breast Examination

Abdomen

Peripheral Vascular

Musculoskeletal (Lower Body)

Patient Seated

Musculoskeletal—Upper Body

Neurologic—Motor

Neurologic—Sensory

Neurologic—Coordination

Patient Standing

Musculoskeletal—Spine

Neurologic

Visual Acuity

RECORDING YOUR FINDINGS

ADDITIONAL READINGS

Unit 3: Special Lifespan

23 Assessing Children: Infancy through Adolescence

GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF CHILD DEVELOPMENT

HEALTH PROMOTION AND COUNSELING: KEY COMPONENTS

ASSESSING THE INFANT

Development

Physical Development (Johnson & Blasco, 1997)

Cognitive and Language Development

Social and Emotional Development

The Health History

Birth History

Past History

Family History

Health Maintenance

Health Patterns

Approaching the Infant

General Guidelines

Testing for Developmental Milestones

Physical Examination of the Infant

General Survey and Vital Signs

Pain Assessment

Somatic Growth

Vital Signs

The Skin

Inspection

Palpation

The Head

Sutures and Fontanelles

Skull Symmetry and Head Circumference

The Eyes

The Ears

The Nose and Sinuses

The Mouth and Pharynx

The Neck

The Thorax and Lungs

The Heart

The Breasts

The Abdomen

Male Genitalia

Female Genitalia

Rectal Examination

The Musculoskeletal System

The Nervous System

ASSESSING YOUNG AND SCHOOL-AGED CHILDREN

The Health History

Assessing Younger Children

Assessing Older Children

Physical Examination of Young and School-Aged Children

General Survey and Vital Signs

The Skin

The Head

The Eyes

The Ears

The Nose and Sinuses

The Mouth and Pharynx

The Neck

The Thorax and Lungs

The Heart

Benign Murmurs

The Abdomen

Male Genitalia

Female Genitalia

The Rectal Examination

The Musculoskeletal System

The Nervous System

Sensation

Gait, Strength, and Coordination

Deep Tendon Reflexes

Cranial Nerves

Monitoring for Delirium

Health Promotion and Counseling

Children 1 to 4 Years

Children 5 to 10 Years

ASSESSING ADOLESCENTS

Development

Physical Development

Cognitive Development

Social and Emotional Development

The Health History

Physical Examination of the Adolescent

General Survey and Vital Signs

Somatic Growth

Vital Signs

The Skin

The Head, Ears, Eyes, Nose, Throat, and Neck

The Heart

The Breasts

The Abdomen

Male Genitalia

Female Genitalia

The Musculoskeletal System

Assessing for Scoliosis

The Sports Preparticipation Screening Evaluation

The Nervous System

Health Promotion and Counseling

RECORDING YOUR FINDINGS

BIBLIOGRAPHY

24 Assessing Older Adults

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

Vital Signs

Blood Pressure

Heart Rate and Rhythm

Respiratory Rate and Temperature

Skin, Nails, and Hair

Head and Neck

Eyes and Visual Acuity

Hearing

Mouth, Teeth, and Lymph Nodes

Thorax and Lungs

Cardiovascular System

Neck Vessels

Cardiac Output

Extra Heart Sounds—S3 and S4

Cardiac Murmurs

Peripheral Vascular System

Breasts and Axillae

Abdomen

Genitalia and Reproductive Organs

Musculoskeletal System

Mental Status Assessment and Nervous System

Mental Status

Emotional Concerns

Motor System

Vibratory and Position Sense, Reflexes

THE HEALTH HISTORY

Approach to the Older Adult Patient

Adjust the Environment

Shape the Content and Pace of the Visit

Address Cultural Dimensions of Aging

Elicit Symptoms from the Older Adult

Special Areas of Concern When Assessing Common or Concerning Symptoms

Functional Assessment

Activities of Daily Living

Medications

Nutrition

Acute and Persistent Pain

Sexuality

Urinary Incontinence

Smoking and Alcohol

PHYSICAL EXAMINATION OF THE OLDER ADULT

General Survey

Vital Signs

Skin

Head and Neck

Thorax and Lungs

Cardiovascular System

Breasts and Axillae

Abdomen

Peripheral Vascular System

Female Genitalia

Male Genitalia

Musculoskeletal System

Nervous System and Mental Status

RECORDING YOUR FINDINGS

HEALTH PROMOTION AND COUNSELING

When to Screen

Vision and Hearing

Exercise

Safety, Including Fall Risk Assessment

Immunizations

Cancer Screening

Depression

Dementia, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Cognitive Decline

Older Adult Mistreatment and Abuse

Advance Directives and Palliative Care

BIBLIOGRAPHY

CITATIONS

ADDITIONAL READINGS

Glossary

Index

 

 

An aparitie	Decembrie 2021
Autor	Beth Hogan-Quigley, Mary Louis Palm
Dimensiuni	28.3 x 3.8 x 21.8 cm
Editura	LWW
Format	Hardcover
ISBN	9781975171209
Limba	Engleza
Nr pag	1040