ACSM’s Fitness Assessment Manual

Description:

Published by the American College of Sports Medicine, ACSM's Fitness Assessment Manual builds on the standards established in ACSM’S Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription, 11th Edition. With a focus on assessment, this new 6th edition is organized by component of fitness: body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular fitness, flexibility; and by type of testing: maximal and submaximal exercise testing, ECG, and metabolic calculations.   Updated coverage throughout in a user-friendly format, makes this an essential resource for those studying to enter the fitness and rehabilitation fields, as well as those already working who need to align their practice to industry standards.

Table of Contents:

1.    1 Introduction

2.    Defining Physical Fitness

3.    Components of Physical Fitness

4.    Importance of Measuring Physical Fitness

5.    Relationship of Physical Fitness to Health

6.    Relationship of Physical Fitness to Function

7.    Fundamental Principles of Assessment

8.    A Specific Assessment Objective

9.    The Gold Standard (True Measure)

10.  Equipment Calibration

11.  Standardization

12.  Interpretation Issues

13.  The Exercise Professional

14.  Academic Training

15.  Credentials

16.  2 Preparticipation Health Screening and Evaluation

17.  Rationale for Preassessment Screening

18.  Informed Consent

19.  The Informed Consent Process

20.  Explanation of Procedures

21.  Exercise Preparticipation Health Screening

22.  ACSM Preparticipation Screening Algorithm

23.  Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire for Everyone

24.  Exercise Testing

25.  Health History Questionnaire

26.  Other Health Issues to Consider

27.  Understanding Medication Usage

28.  Rationale for Risk Assessment

29.  Cardiovascular Hemodynamics

30.  Resting Blood Pressure

31.  Heart Rate

32.  Blood Tests

33.  Blood Sampling Methods

34.  Standard Precautions

35.  Interpretation

36.  Obesity

37.  Measurement of Height and Weight

38.  Measurement of Waist Circumference

39.  Interpretation

40.  Physical Activity

41.  Subjective Assessment

42.  Objective Assessment

43.  Interpretation

44.  Summary

45.  3 Body Composition

46.  Why Measure Body Composition

47.  Health Implications

48.  Functional Implications

49.  What Is the Gold Standard Test?

50.  Clinical Measures

51.  Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed Tomography

52.  Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry

53.  Tests of Body Volume

54.  Hydrostatic (Underwater) Weighing

55.  Plethysmography

56.  Anthropometry

57.  Skinfold Measurements

58.  Circumference Measurements

59.  Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis

60.  Interpretation

61.  Estimation of Goal Body Weight

62.  Summary

63.  4 Estimation of Cardiorespiratory Fitness from Field and Submaximal Exercise Tests

64.  Why Measure Cardiorespiratory Fitness

65.  What Is the Gold Standard Measure of Cardiorespiratory Fitness?

66.  Field Tests for Prediction of Cardiorespiratory Fitness

67.  Step Tests

68.  Fixed Distance Tests

69.  Fixed Time Tests

70.  Submaximal Exercise Tests for Prediction of Cardiorespiratory Fitness

71.  Assumptions for Submaximal Exercise Tests

72.  Deciding on Which Method to Use

73.  Pretest Standardizations for Cardiorespiratory Fitness Assessments

74.  Predicting Maximal Heart Rate

75.  Laboratory Measures

76.  Test Termination Criteria

77.  Monitoring

78.  Exercise Modes

79.  Cycle Ergometer

80.  Estimating V̇O2max Using Cycle Ergometer Tests

81.  Treadmill

82.  Interpretation

83.  Sources of Error in Submaximal Prediction

84.  Summary

85.  5 Cardiorespiratory Fitness: Maximal Exercise Testing

86.  Maximal Exercise Testing

87.  Risks

88.  Contraindications

89.  Monitoring

90.  Personnel

91.  Test Operator

92.  Staff Responsibilities During Testing

93.  Selecting the Mode for Testing

94.  Protocols

95.  Bruce Protocol

96.  Balke-Ware Protocol

97.  Running Protocols

98.  Cycle Protocols

99.  Measured and Estimated V̇O2max

100.               Individualized Protocols

101.               Estimating V̇O2max from Exercise Test Time

102.               Estimating V̇O2max from Peak Workload

103.               Interpretation

104.               Summary

105.               6 Metabolic Calculations

106.               Introduction to the Use of Metabolic Calculations

107.               Arithmetical Reasoning for the Use of Metabolic Equations for Calculations of Physical Activity

108.               Expressions of Energy Use

109.               Estimation of Energy Expenditure: The ACSM’s Metabolic Calculations

110.               Walking Equation

111.               Running Equation

112.               Leg Ergometer Equation

113.               Arm Ergometer Equation

114.               Stepping Equation

115.               Other Useful Equations

116.               Exercise Intensity Estimation Equations

117.               Summary

118.               Practice Problems

119.               Answers

120.               7 Muscular Fitness

121.               Why Measure Muscular Fitness

122.               Unique Assessment Principles

123.               Types of Contractions

124.               Familiarization

125.               Method of Loading

126.               Proper Positioning

127.               Specificity

128.               Muscular Fitness Continuum

129.               Strength Assessments

130.               Static

131.               Dynamic

132.               Endurance Assessments

133.               Static

134.               Dynamic

135.               Interpretation Issues

136.               Summary

137.               8 Flexibility

138.               Flexibility

139.               Unique Assessment Principles

140.               Range of Motion Defined

141.               Methods of Measurement

142.               Goniometers: Tools to Measure Range of Motion

143.               Range of Motion Assessment

144.               Joint Movements

145.               The Neck

146.               Lumbar Spine

147.               The Shoulder (Glenohumeral Joint)

148.               The Hip (Acetabulofemoral Joint)

149.               Interpretation

150.               Summary

151.               9 Electrocardiography

152.               Introduction

153.               Conduction System of the Heart

154.               Basics

155.               The Electrocardiogram Paper

156.               Equipment

157.               Waves, Segments, and Intervals

158.               Measuring Heart Rate

159.               Lead Placement and Preparation for the Electrocardiogram

160.               The Leads

161.               Cardiac Rhythms

162.               Sinus Rhythm

163.               Bradycardias

164.               Sinus Tachycardia

165.               Summary

166.               Appendix A Conversions

167.               Length or Height

168.               Mass or Weight

169.               Volume

170.               Work

171.               Velocity

172.               Power

173.               Temperature

174.               Metric Roots

175.               Appendix B Forms

176.               Preparticipation Screening Algorithm

177.               Exercise Preparticipation Health Screening Questionnaire for Exercise Professionals

178.               Body Composition Data Form

179.               Muscular Fitness Data Form

180.               Flexibility Data Form

181.               Submaximal Cycle Test Data Form

182.               Exercise Test Data Form

183.               Appendix C Case Studies

184.               Preparticipation Health Screening and Evaluation

185.               Body Composition

186.               Cardiorespiratory Fitness: Estimation from Field and Submaximal Exercise Tests

187.               Cardiorespiratory Fitness: Maximal Exercise Testing

188.               Muscular Fitness

189.               Flexibility

190.               Index