Grossman & Baim’s Handbook of Cardiac Catheterization, Angiography, and Intervention

 

Description:

An easily accessible, ready reference for the entire cardiac team, Grossman & Baim’s Handbook of Cardiac Catheterization, Angiography, and Intervention is an essential resource in today’s cardiac catheterization lab. This practical handbook, edited by Dr. Mauro Moscucci with contributions from associate editor, Marc D. Feldman, follows the bestselling text, Grossman & Baim's Cardiac Catheterization, Angiography, and Intervention, providing fast, convenient access to authoritative information in a portable handbook format. 

 

 

Table of Contents:

 

Section I: General Principles

1. Cardiac Catheterization History and Current Practice Standards

Indications for Cardiac Catheterization

Research

Contraindications

Factors Influencing the Choice of Approach

Design of the Catheterization Protocol

The Checklist

Preparation and Premedication of the Patient

Universal Protocol and Time-Out

The Cardiac Catheterization Facility

Location Within a Hospital vs Freestanding

Outpatient Cardiac Catheterization

Training Standards

Physician and Laboratory Caseload

The Catheterization Laboratory Director and Quality Assurance

Performing the Procedure

2. Cineangiographic Imaging, Radiation Safety, and Contrast Agents

Basic X-Ray Physics

Clinical Measurement of Patient Irradiation

Image Formation

Image Contrast

Image Noise

Image Sharpness

Scattered Radiation

Optimizing Patient Exposure and Image Quality

The Cinefluorographic System

Radiation Production and Control

X-Ray Tubes

Spatial and Spectral Shaping of the X-Ray Beam

Imaging Modes

Automatic Dose Rate Control

Clinical Programs and Programming

Image Detection, Processing, and Recording

Image Intensifier

Flat-Panel X-Ray Detectors

Image Processing and Display

Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine and Picture Archiving and Communication System

The Angiographic Room

Imaging Equipment Quality Assurance

Biological Effects of Radiation

Stochastic Effects

Radiogenic Cancer

Tissue Reactions

Patient Radiation Management

Clinical Dose Monitoring

Staged and Multiple Procedures

Patient Education, Consent, and Follow-Up

Staff Radiation Safety

Staff Tissue Reaction

Staff Cancer Risk

Basic Principles of Reducing Staff Radiation Exposure

Staff Radiation Monitoring

Intravascular Contrast Agents

Iodinated Contrast Agents

Gadolinium

Carbon Dioxide

3. Integrated Imaging Modalities in the Cardiac Catheterization Lab

Limitations of Traditional Imaging Systems

Evolution of Imaging Needs in the Cardiac Catheterization Suite

Value Assessment

New Imaging Modalities

Echocardiography

Rotational Angiography

Intracardiac Echocardiography

Computed Tomography Angiography

Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Angiography

Image and Modality Coregistration

Modality Selection

Visualization: 2-Dimensional to 3-Dimensional

3-Dimensional Fluoroscopy and Coregistration of Computed Tomography Imaging

Real-Time Echocardiographic 3-Dimensional

New Frontiers

4. Complications

Introduction

Death

Death as a Complication of Diagnostic Catheterization

Left Main Disease

Left Ventricular Dysfunction

Valvular Heart Disease

Prior Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery

Pediatric Patients

Death in the Course of an Interventional Procedure

Myocardial Infarction

Interventional Procedures

Cerebrovascular Complications

Local Vascular Complications

Femoral Artery Thrombosis

Femoral Vein Thrombosis

Hemorrhagic Complications

Retroperitoneal Bleeding

Femoral Neuropathy

Pseudoaneurysm and Arteriovenous Fistula

Arrhythmias or Conduction Disturbance

Ventricular Fibrillation

Atrial Arrhythmias

Bradyarrhythmias

Perforation of the Heart or Great Vessels

Infections and Pyrogen Reactions

Allergic and Anaphylactoid Reactions

Contrast-Induced Nephropathy/Acute Kidney Injury

Other Complications

Hypotension

Volume Overload

Anxiety/Pain

Respiratory Insufficiency

Retained Equipment

Conclusion

5. Adjunctive Pharmacology for Cardiac Catheterization

Antiplatelet Agents

Aspirin

Adenosine Diphosphate Receptor Antagonists

Intravenous Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors

Adverse Reactions

Antithrombotic Agents

Unfractionated Heparin

Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin

Factor Xa Inhibitors

Direct Thrombin Inhibitors

Evidence for Direct Thrombin Inhibitor Use in Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

6. Informed Consent and Legal Considerations

Introduction

The Origins of the Duty to Obtain Informed Consent

Documenting Informed Consent and the Role of the Consent Form

The Opportunity to Manage Risk With Informed Consent

Informed Consent and Off-Label Medical Device Use

Disclosure of Adverse Outcomes

Practical Points

Section II: Basic Techniques

7. Radial Artery Approach

Anatomical Considerations

Technical Aspects

Patient Preparation

Patient Positioning—Right Versus Left Radial Access

Sheath Selection

Radial Puncture Technique

Distal Transradial Approach

Learning Curve

Navigating the Upper Extremity Arterial System

Failure

Catheter Selection

Diagnostic Angiography

Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

TRA for Peripheral Vascular Interventions

Radial Hemostasis-Prevention of Radial Artery Occlusion

Complications

Radial Artery Spasm

Hematoma and Bleeding

Radial Artery Perforation and Dissection

Radial Artery Pseudoaneurysm

Transradial Access and Radiation Exposure

Brachial Venous Access for Right-Sided Heart Catheterization

Transradial Access and Outcomes

Conclusion

8. Percutaneous Transfemoral, Transseptal, Transcaval, and Apical Approach

Catheterization via the Femoral Artery and Vein

Patient Preparation

Selection of Puncture Site

Local Anesthesia

Femoral Vein Puncture

Catheterizing the Right-Sided Heart From the Femoral Vein

Femoral Artery Puncture

Catheterizing the Left-Sided Heart From the Femoral Artery

A Word About Heparin

Catheter Selection

Crossing the Aortic Valve

Bioprosthetic and Mechanical Valves

Control of the Puncture Site Following Sheath Removal

Vascular Closure Devices

Contraindications to Femoral Approach to Left-Sided Heart Catheterization

Alternative Sites for Left-Sided Heart Catheterization

Percutaneous Entry of the Axillary, Brachial, Radial Arteries, and Lumbar Aorta

Percutaneous Transcaval Access

Transseptal Puncture

Apical Left Ventricular Puncture

9. Cutdown Approach: Brachial, Femoral, Axillary, Aortic, and Transapical

Indications

Preprocedural Evaluation

Incision, Isolation of Vessels, and Catheter Insertion

Catheter Selection

Right-Sided Heart Catheters

Left-Sided Heart Catheters

Advancing the Right-Sided Heart Catheter

Advancing the Left-Sided Heart Catheter

Internal Mammary Arteries

Special Techniques

Coronary Bypass Grafts

Anomalous Coronary Takeoff

Repair of Vessels and Aftercare

Troubleshooting

Loss of Radial Pulse

Hand Numbness

Femoral, Axillary, Aortic, and Transapical Access

Open Femoral Arterial Access

Axillary/Subclavian Artery Access

Direct Transthoracic Aortic Access

Left Ventricular Apical Access

10. Diagnostic Catheterization in Childhood and Adult Congenital Heart Disease

General Principles in the Catheterization of Patients With Congenital Heart Disease

Vascular Access/Vessel and Chamber Entry

Intracardiac Catheter Manipulation

Pressure Measurements and Oximetry

Angiography

Special Circumstances

Pregnancy

Down Syndrome

Pulmonary Ventricular Failure and Pulmonary Vascular Disease

Right Ventricular Outflow Failure

Cyanosis

Systemic Ventricular “Heart Failure”

Conclusion

Section III: Hemodynamic Principles

11. Pressure and Blood Flow Measurement

Pressure Measuring Devices

Sensitivity

Frequency Response

Natural Frequency and Damping

Linearity

Transforming Pressure Waves Into Electrical Signals: The Electrical Strain Gauge

Practical Pressure Transducer System for the Catheterization Laboratory

Physiologic Characteristics of Pressure Waveforms

Reflected Waves

Wedge Pressures

Normal Contours of Pressure Waveforms

Atrial Pressure

Pulmonary Wedge Pressure

Ventricular Pressure

Aortic Pressure

Sources of Error and Artifact

Deterioration in Frequency Response

Catheter Whip Artifact

End Pressure Artifact

Catheter Impact Artifact

Systolic Pressure Amplification in the Periphery

Errors in Zero Level, Balancing, or Calibration

Micromanometers

Pressure Tracings in Valvular and Nonvalvular Heart Disease

Blood Flow Measurement

Extraction Reserve and Cardiac Output

Lower Limit of Cardiac Output

Upper Limit of Cardiac Output

Factors Influencing Cardiac Output in Normal Subjects

Techniques for Determination of Cardiac Output

Fick Oxygen Method

Oxygen Consumption

Arteriovenous Oxygen Difference

Sources of Error

Indicator Dilution Methods

Thermodilution Method

Sources of Error

Continuous Cardiac Output Monitoring

Clinical Measurement of Vascular Resistance

Poiseuille Law

Vascular Resistance and Pressure-flow Relationships

Estimation of Vascular Resistance in the Clinical Situation

Systemic Vascular Resistance

Total Pulmonary Resistance

Pulmonary Vascular Resistance

Pulmonary Vascular Disease in Patients With Congenital Central Shunts

Pulmonary Vascular Disease in Patients With Mitral Stenosis

12. Shunt Detection and Quantification

Detection of Left-to-Right Intracardiac Shunts

Measurement of Blood Oxygen Saturation and Content in the Right Side of the Heart (Oximetry Run)

Oximetry Run

Calculation of Pulmonary Blood Flow (Qp)

Calculation of Systemic Blood Flow (Qs)

Calculation of Left-To-Right Shunt

Examples of Left-to-Right Shunt Detection and Quantification

Flow Ratio

Calculation of Bidirectional Shunts

Limitations of the Oximetry Method

Other Indicators

Angiography

Detection of Right-to-Left Intracardiac Shunts

Angiography

Oximetry

Echocardiography

13. Calculation of Stenotic Valve Orifice Area

The Gorlin Formula

Mitral Valve Area

Example of Valve Area Calculation in Mitral Stenosis

Pitfalls

Aortic Valve Area

Example

Pitfalls

Area of Tricuspid and Pulmonic Valves

Alternatives to the Gorlin Formula

Assessment of Aortic Stenosis in Patients With Low Cardiac Output

Valve Resistance

Acknowledgment

14. Pitfalls in the Evaluation of Hemodynamic Data

Basic Concepts

Transvalvular Gradient

Effects of Catheter Location

Other Considerations

Section IV: Angiographic Techniques

15. Coronary Angiography, Coronary Artery Anomalies, and Cardiac Ventriculography

Current Indications

General Issues

The Femoral Approach

Insertion and Flushing of the Coronary Catheter

Damping and Ventricularization of the Pressure Waveform

Cannulation of the Left Coronary Ostium

Cannulation of the Right Coronary Ostium

Cannulation of Saphenous Vein and Arterial Grafts

Internal Mammary Artery Cannulation

Gastroepiploic Graft Cannulation

The Brachial or Radial Approach

Adverse Effects of Coronary Angiography

Injection Technique

Anatomy, Angiographic Views, and Quantitation of Stenosis

Coronary Anatomy

Angiographic Views

Lesion Quantification

Coronary Collaterals

Biplane and Rotational Coronary Angiography

Nonatherosclerotic Coronary Artery Disease

Coronary Vasospasm

Mistakes in Interpretation

Total Occlusion

Complex Stenosis Classification and Risk Stratification

Coronary Artery Anomalies

Anomalous Origin of a Coronary Artery From an Opposite Sinus of Valsalva, With an Intramural Course

Other Coronary Anomalies Frequently Encountered in the Adult Cath Lab: Coronary Fistulae and Myocardial Bridges

Cardiac Ventriculography

Injection Catheters

Pigtail Catheter

Straight-Tip Left Ventriculographic Catheters

Balloon-Tip Ventriculographic Catheters

Injection Site

Injection Rate and Volume

Filming Projection and Technique

Right Ventriculography

Analysis of the Ventriculogram

Complications and Hazards

Arrhythmias

Intramyocardial Injection (Endocardial Staining)

Fascicular Block

Embolism

Complications of Contrast Media

16. Angiography of the Aorta, Peripheral, and Pulmonary Arteries

Radiographic Imaging

Vascular Access

Radiologic Equipment

Catheters and Guidewires

Thoracic Aorta

Disorders of the Thoracic Aorta

Abdominal Aorta

Abdominal Aortography

Selective Mesenteric Angiography

Subclavian and Vertebral Arteries

Manifestations of Subclavian Disease

Subclavian and Vertebral Arteriography

Carotid Arteries

Renal Arteries

Atherosclerotic Renal Artery Stenosis

Renal Arteriography

Pelvic and Lower Extremities

Lower Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease

Pulmonary Angiography

Hemodynamic Monitoring

Percutaneous Venous Catheterization

Pulmonary Artery Catheterization

Catheter Exchange

Contrast Agent Injection Rates

Imaging Modes

Complications and Contraindications

Pulmonary Embolism

Noninvasive Imaging Tests

Interpretation and Validity of Pulmonary Angiograms

Hemodynamic Characteristics

Endovascular Therapy for Acute Pulmonary Embolism

Section V: Evaluation of Cardiac Function

17. Stress Testing During Cardiac Catheterization: Exercise and Dobutamine Challenge

Dynamic Exercise

Oxygen Uptake and Cardiac Output

Exercise Index

Systemic and Pulmonary Arterial Pressure and Heart Rate

Upright vs Supine Exercise

Left Ventricular Diastolic Function

Examples of the Use of Exercise to Evaluate Left Ventricular Failure in the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory

Evaluation of Valvular Heart Disease

Performing a Dynamic Exercise Test

Dobutamine Stress Testing

18. Measurement of Ventricular Volumes, Ejection Fraction, Mass, Wall Stress, and Regional Wall Motion

Volumes

Technical Considerations

Biplane Formula

Single-Plane Formula

Magnification Correction: Single Plane

Magnification Correction: Biplane

Regression Equations

Ejection Fraction and Regurgitant Fraction

Other Techniques for Measuring Ventricular Volume and Ejection Fraction

Left Ventricular Mass

Wall Stress

Pressure-Volume Curves

Regional Left Ventricular Wall Motion

19. Evaluation of Systolic and Diastolic Function of the Ventricles and Myocardium

Systolic Function

Preload, Afterload, and Contractility

Isovolumic Indices

Pressure-Volume Analysis

Myocardial Deformation Analysis—Left Ventricular Strain

Diastolic Function

Left Ventricular Diastolic Distensibility: Pressure-Volume Relationship

Clinical Conditions Influencing Diastolic Distensibility

Indices of Left Ventricular Diastolic Relaxation Rate

20. Evaluation of Tamponade, Constrictive, and Restrictive Physiology

Normal Hemodynamics During the Respiratory Cycle and the Role of the Pericardium

Tamponade Physiology

Constrictive-Effusive Physiology

Low-Pressure Tamponade

Regional Cardiac Tamponade

Constrictive Physiology

Restrictive Physiology

Section VI: Special Catheter Techniques

21. Evaluation of Myocardial and Coronary Blood Flow and Metabolism

Control of Myocardial Blood Flow: The Myocardial Oxygen Supply and Demand Relationship

Determinants of Myocardial Oxygen Supply

Measurement of Myocardial Metabolism

Regulation of Coronary Blood Flow and Resistance

Measurements of Intracoronary Pressure and Flow Velocity Using Sensor-Tipped Guidewires

Technique of Angioplasty Sensor Guidewire Use

Coronary Hyperemia for Stenosis Assessment

Translesional Pressure-Derived Fractional Flow Reserve

Coronary Pulse Wave Analysis

Nonhyperemic Pressure Ratios

Instantaneous Wave-Free Ratio

Clinical Applications of Coronary Blood Flow and Pressure Measurements

Validation and Threshold of Ischemia

Clinical Studies of Fractional Flow Reserve for Lesion Assessment

Physiologic Lesion Assessment for Coronary Interventions

Left Main Stenosis

Fractional Flow Reserve and Ostial Branch Assessment

Fractional Flow Reserve and Saphenous Vein Graft Assessment

Assessment of Diffuse Atherosclerosis

Serial Epicardial Lesions

Clinical Studies of Instantaneous Wave-Free Ratio

Instantaneous Wave-Free Ratio and Fractional Flow Reserve in Stable Ischemic Heart Disease

Instantaneous Wave-Free Ratio in Clinical Multivessel Disease

Instantaneous Wave-Free Ratio in Serial Lesions

Other Nonhyperemic Pressure Ratios

Post–Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Coronary Hemodynamic Measurements

Acute Coronary Syndromes

Evolving Technologies for Imaging Assessment of Coronary Stenosis Hemodynamics

Coronary Physiologic Tools Less Commonly Utilized in Routine Clinical Practice

Angiographic Blood Flow Estimation—Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction Flow and Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction Frame Count

22. Intravascular Imaging Techniques

Intravascular Ultrasound

Imaging Systems

Image Acquisition Procedures

Image Interpretation

Quantitative Assessment

Qualitative Assessment

Interventional Applications

Optical Coherence Tomography

Imaging Systems

Image Acquisition Procedures

Image Interpretation

Quantitative Assessment

Qualitative Assessment

Interventional Applications

Spectroscopy and Other Optical Imaging

Imaging Systems and Procedures

Image Interpretation

Diagnostic Applications

Interventional Applications

23. Endomyocardial Biopsy

Modern Bioptomes

Vascular Access for Endomyocardial Biopsy

Internal Jugular Access

Right Subclavian Vein Access

Femoral Vein and Femoral Artery Access

Biopsy Methods

Right Internal Jugular Venous Approach—Preshaped Bioptome

Right Internal Jugular Vein Approach—Preformed Sheath

Left Internal Jugular Vein Approach—Flexible Sheath

Femoral Vein Approach—Preformed Sheath

Left Ventricular Biopsy—Femoral Artery Preformed Sheath

Left Ventricular Biopsy—Femoral Artery Guiding Catheter Approach

Left Ventricular Biopsy—Radial Artery Sheathless Approach

Biopsy Complications

Perforation

Malignant Ventricular Arrhythmias

Supraventricular Arrhythmias

Heart Block

Pneumothorax

Puncture of the Carotid Artery or Subclavian Artery

Pulmonary Embolization

Nerve Paresis

Venous Hematoma

Arterial Venous Fistula

Postprocedure Care

Tissue Processing

Biopsy in Myocardial Disease

Transplant Rejection

Adriamycin Cardiotoxicity

Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Myocarditis

Restrictive Versus Constrictive Disease

24. Percutaneous Mechanical Circulatory Support

Hemodynamic Principles of Cardiogenic Shock

Transvalvular Left-Ventricle-to-Aortic Pumps

Impella Hemodynamics

Insertion, Routine Care, and Weaning

Indications, Contraindications, and Complications

Clinical Results

Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump

Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump Hemodynamics

Insertion, Routine Care, and Weaning

Indications, Contraindications, and Complications

Clinical Results

Left-Atrial-to-Aortic Pumps

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation/Extracorporeal Circulatory Life Support

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Hemodynamics

Insertion, Monitoring, and Weaning

Indications, Contraindications, and Complications

Clinical Results

Right Ventricular Support Devices

Impella RP

BiPella Support

Protek Duo

Summary

Section VII: Interventional Techniques

25. Percutaneous Balloon Angioplasty and General Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

General Principles of PCI

Equipment

Guiding Catheters

Guidewires

Dilatation Catheters

Procedure

Postprocedure Management

Mechanism of Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty

Complications

Periprocedural Myocardial Infarction

Coronary Artery Dissection

Abrupt Closure

Branch Vessel Occlusion

Coronary Perforation

Bleeding

Device Failures

The Healing Response to Coronary Angioplasty—Restenosis

Brachytherapy

Drug-Eluting Stents

Current Indications

Percutaneous Coronary Intervention to Improve Survival in Stable Disease

Percutaneous Coronary Intervention to Improve Symptoms in Stable Disease

Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Acute Coronary Syndromes

Complete Revascularization in Stable Disease

26. Atherectomy, Thrombectomy, and Distal Protection Devices

Atherectomy

Rotational Atherectomy and Orbital Atherectomy

Cutting Balloon Angioplasty

Scoring Balloon Angioplasty

Ablative Laser Techniques

Laser Angioplasty

Mechanical Thrombectomy

Venturi/Bernoulli Suction

Suction Thrombectomy

Embolic Protection Devices

Distal Occlusion Systems

Distal Filters

Embolic Protection During Acute Myocardial Infarction and Native Coronary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Embolic Protection Recommendations

27. Coronary Stenting

Development of the Coronary Stent

Stent Design: Impact on Performance and Clinical Outcomes

Drug-Eluting Stent Overview

Limitations of Bare-Metal Stents

Components of Drug-Eluting Stents

Generations of Drug-Eluting Stents

Second-Generation Drug-Eluting Stents

Everolimus-Eluting Stents (Xience V/Promus)

Concerns Regarding Safety of Drug-Eluting Stents and Pooled Comparisons of Drug-Eluting Stents and Bare-Metal Stents

Biodegradable Polymer Drug-Eluting Metal Stents

Biolimus A9-Eluting Stents (BioMatrix, Nobori Stent)

Everolimus-Eluting Platinum-Chromium (SYNERGY) Stent

Polymer-Free Drug-Eluting Stents

Bioabsorbable Drug-Eluting Stents

Other Bioresorbable Scaffolds

Technical Aspects of Coronary Stent Implantation

Complications of Coronary Stenting

Stent Thrombosis

Restenosis

Other Complications of Coronary Stent Implantation

Stent Usage in Specific Patients and Lesions

Acute ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction

Multivessel and Left Main Disease

Chronic Total Occlusions

Bifurcation Lesions

Saphenous Vein Grafts

28. General Overview of Interventions for Structural Heart Disease

Classification of Interventions for Structural Heart Disease

Closure of Congenital and Acquired Cardiac Defects

Percutaneous Valve Interventions

Myocardial Interventions

Interventions for the Creation of Intracardiac Shunts

Pericardial Interventions

Miscellanea Intervention

Training and Credentialing Criteria

Informed Consent and the Use of Approved Devices for Nonapproved Indications

Multidisciplinary Programs and the Cardiac Team

Clinical Registries

Academic Research Consortium

29. Patent Foramen Ovale, Atrial Septal Defect, and Ventricular Septal Defect Closure

Atrial-Level Communications: Anatomy of the Atrial Septum

Pathophysiology of Atrial-Level Shunts

Transcatheter Closure of an Atrial Septal Defect

Transcatheter Closure of Patent Foramen Ovale

Special Techniques

Results—Atrial Septal Defect/Patent Foramen Ovale Closure

Ventricular Septal Defects

Transcatheter Closure of Ventricular Septal Defects

Technique of Muscular Ventricular Septal Defect Closure

Results—Ventricular Septal Defect Closure

Post Myocardial Infarction

Ventricular Septal Rupture

30. Alcohol Septal Ablation

Patient Selection for Alcohol Septal Ablation

Procedure

Complications of ASA

31. Closure of Paravalvular Leaks

32. Left Atrial Appendage Closure

Watchman Device

Patient Selection

Amplatzer Amulet Device

Lariat Device

33. Percutaneous Therapies for Mitral and Tricuspid Valve Disease

Percutaneous Balloon Mitral Valvuloplasty

Patient Selection for Mitral Valvuloplasty

Contraindications

Anatomic Factors in Patient Selection for Mitral Valvuloplasty

Technique

Inoue Balloon Technique

Immediate Results

Long-Term Hemodynamic and Clinical Results

Complications

Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair and Replacement

Percutaneous Annular Modification

Leaflet Repair or Plication

Anatomic Considerations

MitraClip Procedure

Transcatheter Mitral Valve Replacement

Percutaneous Approaches to Tricuspid Valve Disorders

Anatomy of the TV and Relevance for Transcatheter Procedures

Percutaneous Treatment of Functional Tricuspid Regurgitation

Annuloplasty Devices

Leaflet Approximation/Coaptation Devices

Pascal Transcatheter Valve Repair System

Valve Replacement Systems

Caval Implantation Systems

34. Percutaneous Therapies for Aortic and Pulmonary Valvular Heart Disease

Percutaneous Aortic Valve Therapies

Balloon Aortic Valvuloplasty

Noncalcific Aortic Stenosis

Calcific Aortic Stenosis

Mechanism of Improved Aortic Orifice Area

Technique

Clinical Results and Complications

Long-Term Results

Percutaneous Valve Replacement and Repair

Percutaneous Pulmonic Valve Replacement

Percutaneous Aortic Valve Replacement

Valve Construction

Patient Selection, Preparation, and Valve Delivery

35. Peripheral Intervention

Carotid Arteries

Treatment Considerations and Technique

Vessels of the Aortic Arch

Subclavian, Common Carotid, and Innominate Arteries

Treatment Considerations and Technique

Renal Arteries

Fibromuscular Dysplasia

Atherosclerotic Renal Artery Stenosis

Treatment Considerations and Technique

Lower Extremity

Clinical Presentation

Diagnosis

Aortoiliac Obstructive Disease

Stents for Aortoiliac Disease

Treatment Considerations and Technique

Common Femoral Artery

Profunda Femoral Artery

Superficial Femoral and Popliteal Arteries

Adjunct Therapies

Treatment Considerations and Technique

Infrapopliteal Arteries

Techniques

Venous Disease and Intervention

Techniques

Training and Credentialing

36. Interventions for Pediatric and Adult Congenital Heart Disease

Congenital Obstructive Lesions

Obstructive Lesions of the Right Ventricular Outflow Tract

Branch Pulmonary Artery Stenosis

Obstruction of the Left Ventricular Outflow Tract

Anatomy/Physiology

Transcatheter Therapy for Left-Sided Obstruction

Coarctation of the Aorta

Pediatric Balloon Angioplasty Technique

Results

Coarctation of the Aorta in the Adult

Stent Angioplasty Procedure

Results

Congenital Mitral Stenosis

Congenital Lesions Associated With Extracardiac Shunts

Systemic Arteriovenous Fistulas

Coronary Fistulas

Aortopulmonary (Bronchial) Collaterals

Old Surgical Shunts

Pulmonary Fistulas

Venovenous Collaterals

Techniques of Device Embolization

Results/Complications

Cardiac Catheterization in Adult Patients With Fontan Physiology

Hemodynamic Evaluation

37. Endovascular Aortic Repair

Indications for Repair

Endograft Design

Preoperative Evaluation

Notable Early Complications

Unique Late Complications

38. Pericardial Interventions: Pericardiocentesis, Balloon Pericardiotomy, and Epicardial Approach to Cardiac Procedures

Introduction

Pericardiocentesis

Fluoroscopy-Guided Pericardiocentesis

Echocardiography-Guided Pericardiocentesis

Complications of Pericardiocentesis

Percutaneous Balloon Pericardiotomy

Therapeutic Intrapericardial Intervention and Epicardial Access

Technical Aspects

Anterior and Posterior Approach

Fluoroscopic Navigation of the Epicardial Space

Complications of Epicardial Access

Conclusion

Index

 

An aparitie	25 noi 2023
Autor	Mauro Moscucci MD, MBA Marc David Feldman
Dimensiuni	127 x 203 mm
Editura	LWW
Format	Paperback
ISBN	9781496399281
Limba	Engleza
Nr pag	800
Versiune digitala	DA