Grabb and Smith’s Plastic Surgery: Print + Digital with Multimedia

 

Your instant access VST eBook comes with over 400 questions and answers from all chapters in the book to to reinforce learning, as well as 43 videos on topics including dermal and soft tissue fillers, C02 laser resurfacing of the hand dorsum for skin rejuvenation, surgical management of facial paralysis, and much more. The definitive text for medical students and residents in plastic surgery, Grabb and Smith’s Plastic Surgery, Ninth Edition, covers every aspect of this challenging field in up-to-date, easy-to-understand detail. Superb illustrations, convenient key points, and relevant review questions help you develop a deeper understanding of basic principles and prepare effectively for the In-Training Exam (ITE) and other certification exams. Dr. Kevin C. Chung leads a team of expert contributing authors to create a fully revised resource that also serves as a reference for practicing plastic surgeons to refresh knowledge and to enhance competency in various topics. Coverage includes all areas of plastic surgery: basic science, principles and techniques, skin and soft tissue topics, congenital anomalies and pediatric plastic surgery, head and neck surgery, aesthetic surgery, breast surgery, body contouring, hand surgery, and trunk and lower extremity surgery.

 

Table of Contents:

 

Part I: Principles, Techniques, and Basic Science

Chapter 1. Fundamental Principles of Plastic Surgery

General Principles

Understand the Patient’s Goals

Set Expectations

Take a Comprehensive History

Optimize Modifiable Patient Factors

Know When to Say “no”

Understand the Etiology of a Problem Before Embarking on Reconstruction

Choose the Best and Most Predictable Surgical Solution

Minimize Donor Site Morbidity

Replace Like With Like

Plan the Procedure Preoperatively

Think Ahead

Intraoperative Principles

Incise Precisely

Respect the Soft Tissue

Perform Adequate Debridement Before Reconstruction

Preserve Vascularity

Obliterate Dead Space

Obtain Hemostasis and Irrigate Before Closure

Optimize Scarring

Apply Dressings Meticulously

Control Pain

Final Thoughts

Be Honest About Complications

Refine Your Technique Continuously

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 2. Basic Science of Wound Healing and Management of Chronic Wounds

Epidemiology and Significance of Wounds

Biology of Wound Healing

Scarless Wound Healing

Impaired Healing and Risk Factors

Nonhealing “Chronic” Wounds

Infections and Microbiome in Wound Healing

Principles of Management of Acute Wounds

Management of CW

Primary Prevention

Diagnosis, Assessment and Staging, and Longitudinal Monitoring

Nonsurgical Care of CW

Wound Bed Preparation and Debridement

Surgical Repair and Wound Coverage

Knowledge Gaps, Research, and Innovation in Wound Healing and Wound Care

Acknowledgments

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 3. Management of Scars

Optimizing Postsurgical Scarring

Clinical Factors

Surgical Technique

Postoperative Management

Management of Poor Scarring (Hypertrophic Scars and Keloids)

Conservative Management

Surgical Management

Conclusions

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 4. Principles of Flap Design and Application

History

Flap Nomenclature and Classification

Flap Content

Blood Supply

Method of Transfer and Movement

Manipulation

Flap Design and Choice

Evaluation of Defect

Flap Selection

Adjunctive Tools

Troubleshooting

Conclusion

Acknowledgment

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 5. Principles of Microsurgery

Introduction

History

Applications of Microsurgery

Oncologic and Traumatic Reconstruction

Orthoplastic Surgery

Nerve Surgery

Lymphatic Surgery

Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation

Gender-Affirming Surgery

Preoperative Planning

Physical Exam

Patient Factors

Imaging

Technical Considerations

Positioning

Instrumentation and Suture

Magnification

Robotic Microsurgery

Microsurgical Techniques

Anesthesia

Ischemia Time

Anastomosis

Interposition Grafts

Flap Inset/Securing

Postoperative Management

Monitoring

Anticoagulation

Flap Take Back

Direct Thrombectomy

Thrombolysis

Leeches

Flap Failure

Conclusion

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 6. Concepts of Skin Grafts and Skin Substitutes

Introduction

Definitions

Historical Perspectives

Fundamentals of Skin Graft Biology

Indications

The Wound Bed

The Skin Graft

The Patient

The Timing

Techniques

Wound Bed Preparation

Graft Harvest

To Mesh or Not to Mesh

Graft Insetting

Dressings

Modifications to Expand Indications

Outcomes

Skin Substitutes

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 7. Principles of Flap Reconstruction: Muscle Flaps, Myocutaneous Flaps, and Fasciocutaneous Flaps

Introduction

Preoperative Assessment

Delay Phenomenon

Muscle Flaps

Classification System

Myocutaneous Flaps

Fasciocutaneous and Perforator Flaps

Local Tissue Rearrangement

Chimeric Flaps

Freestyle Flaps

Supermicrosurgery

Clinical Examples

Pectoralis Major Muscle Flap

Rectus Abdominis, Deep Inferior Epigastric, and Superficial Inferior Epigastric Flaps

Latissimus Dorsi Muscle and Thoracodorsal Artery Perforator Flaps

Radial Forearm Flap

Gracilis and Profunda Artery Perforator Flaps

Anterolateral Thigh Flap

Conclusions

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 8. Principles of Nerve Repair and Reconstruction and Neuroma Management

Principles of Nerve Injury

Biology of Nerve Injury

Diagnostic Workup for Nerve Injury, Nerve Compression, and Neuroma

High-Frequency Ultrasound Imaging and Magnetic Resonance Neurography

Electrodiagnostic Studies

Diagnostic Nerve Blocks

Timing of Nerve Reconstruction for Functional Deficits and Neuropathic Pain

Nerve Reconstruction

Primary Nerve Repair

Nerve Repair With Conduits

Nerve Repair With Autograft and Allograft

Nerve Transfers and Functional Muscle Transfers

Treatment of Neuropathic Pain

Perioperative Care

Acknowledgments

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 9. Management of Neuroma Pain

Introduction

Evaluation and Diagnosis

Principles of Symptomatic Neuroma Management

Nonsurgical Management

Surgical Management Principles

Surgical Techniques

Nerve Reconstruction—Distal End Available

Nerve Reconstruction—Distal End Unavailable

Symptomatic Neuroma Prevention

Conclusion

Video Legends

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 10. Principles of Tissue Expansion

Introduction

History

Physiology

Types of Tissue Expanders

Integrated Versus Remote Port

Expander Fill

Smooth Versus Textured Expanders

Tissue Expander Shape

Internal Versus External Expansion

Principles Regarding Expander Placement

Principles of Expansion Process

Complications

Use of Tissue Expanders

Head and Neck

Trunk

Breast

Extremities

Congenital

Pre-expansion

Conclusion and Future Directions

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 11. Principles of Local and Regional Anesthesia and Procedural Sedation

Local Anesthesia

Mechanism of Action

Pharmacokinetics

Duration of Action

Toxicity

Dosing

Tumescent Anesthesia

Allergies

Treatment of Local Anesthesia Toxicities

Liposomal Bupivacaine

Minor Nerve Blocks

Facial Blocks

Hand Blocks

Regional Blocks

TAP Block

Paravertebral and Pectoralis Nerve Blocks

Upper Extremity Regional Anesthesia

Procedural Sedation

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 12. Concepts of Tissue Engineering

Biomaterials

Cell Sources

Morphogenic Instruction

Manufacturing

Examples

Skin

Breast

Nerve

Bone

Cartilage

Challenges and Future Directions

Conclusion

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 13. Patient Safety in Plastic Surgery

Introduction

Preoperative Assessment

Cardiac Risk Assessment

The American Society of Anesthesiologists Classification

Modifiable Patient Risk Factors

Psychiatric Conditions and Disorders

Venous Thromboembolism

Pathophysiology

VTE Prophylaxis

Risk Assessment

Hormonal Therapy

Perioperative Travel

Pain Management

Opioid Stewardship

Multimodal Pain Control Regimens

Antibiotic Stewardship

Intraoperative Safety

Operative Positioning

Concurrent and Overlapping Surgery

Infection Prevention

Preventing Human Error

Cognitive Aids

Communication

Physician Fatigue

Culture of Safety

Psychological Safety

Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion

Physician Burnout and Wellness

Conclusion

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 14. Ethics of Plastic Surgery

Introduction

Definitions

Ethical Principles

Informed Consent

Conflicts of Interest

Disclosure of Relationships

Ethics and Evidence-Based Medicine

Ethical Issues at the Intersection of Plastic Surgery and the Larger Medical System

Transplantation Medicine

Gender-Affirming Care

Cosmetic Surgery

Medicalization and Pathologizing

Labiaplasty as a Case Example

Social Media

Innovation

Conclusion

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 15. Principles of Research Designs and Outcomes Research

Introduction

A Case-Based Overview

Describe the Inequity

Understand Mediating Factors and Outcomes

Find Interventions That Work

Developing the Clinical Problem Into a Strong Research Question

Vetting With “So What?”

Develop Impact Statements

Consider Feasibility

Refining the Question

Selecting the Best Design

Qualitative Methods

Quantitative Methods

Selecting the Method

Analytic Plan

Population

Data Source

Considering Limitations and Bias

Taking the So What? To Now What?

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 16. Basic Statistics for the Practicing Physician

Introduction

Types of Data

Summary Measures

Measures of Central Tendency

Measures of Dispersion

Data Distributions

What Is the Best Way to Display Data?

Measures of Effect

How Is the Magnitude of an Effect Expressed?

Risk Difference, Relative Risk, and Odds Ratio

Standardized Mean Difference

Interaction Effects and Prognostic Factors

Confounding, Bias, and Imprecision

Confounding

Bias

Imprecision

Inferential Statistics

Hypothesis Testing and the P-value

False Positive (Type I Error)

False Negative (Type II Error) and Power

Confidence Intervals

P-Values or Confidence Intervals?

Which Test Should We Use?

Parametric Tests

Nonparametric Tests

Fisher and Chi-Square Tests

Correlation Analysis

Regression Analysis

Diagnostic Test Performance

Meta-Analysis

Heterogeneity

Acknowledgments

Multiple Choice Question

Part II: Skin and Soft Tissue

Chapter 17. Benign and Malignant Dermatologic Conditions

Embryology

Anatomy

Common Benign Cutaneous Tumors

Seborrheic Keratosis

Sebaceous Hyperplasia

Dermatofibroma

Pyogenic Granuloma

Cherry Angioma

Acrochordon (Skin Tag)

Keratoacanthoma

Pilomatrixoma

Nevus Sebaceous

Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers

Basal Cell Carcinoma

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Melanoma

Merkel Cell Carcinoma

Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 18. Thermal, Chemical, and Electrical Injuries

Thermal, Chemical, and Electrical Injuries

Epidemiology

Pathophysiology

Histology

Assessment and Management

Management

Cold Thermal Injuries

Chemical Burns

Electrical Burns

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 19. Principles of Burn Reconstruction

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Local Response

Systemic Response and Hypermetabolism

Initial Management of the Patient

The Burn Team

Triage of the Burn Patient

Assessing Burn Size

Assessment of Depth

Resuscitation

Analgesia, Sedation, and Itching

Cleaning and Dressing With Topical Wound Agents

Escharotomy

Inhalation Injury

Nutrition

Physiotherapy and Occupation Injury

Mediation of Hypermetabolism

Surgical Management of Burns

Immediate Total Excision

Early Total Excision

Early Staged Burn Excision

Covering Massive Burn Wounds

Special Anatomic Considerations

Face

Neck

Hands

Lower Extremities

Perineum

Infection

Pediatric Burns

Other Burns

Chemical Burns

Electric Burns

Cold-Induced Injury

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 20. Radiation and Radiation Injury

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Oncoplastic Breast Reconstruction

Mastectomy Reconstruction

Breast Cancer–Related Lymphedema

Head and Neck Reconstruction

Sarcoma Reconstruction

Radiation Treatment

Summary

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 21. Lasers in Plastic Surgery

Laser History

The Science and Physics of Lasers

Chromophores of the Skin

Hemoglobin

Melanin

Water

Depth of Penetration of Various Lasers

Laser Use in Clinical Plastic Surgery

Vascular Lesions

Hair Removal

Skin Resurfacing

Scar Management

Tattoos

Clinical Considerations: Primarily for Skin Resurfacing

Patient Evaluation

Pretreatment

Intraoperative Key Points

Postoperative

Risks and Complications

Laser Safety

Laser Business Considerations

Multiple Choice Question

Part III: Congenital Anomalies and Pediatric Plastic Surgery

Chapter 22. Cleft Lip and Palate: Principles and Treatment

Anatomy

Lip and Nasal Anatomy

Palatal Anatomy

Phenotypic Spectrum and Classification

Spectrum of Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate

Classification of Cleft Lip and Palate

Epidemiology

Multidisciplinary and Early Care

Presurgical Infant Orthopedics

Goals

Nasoalveolar Molding

Lip Taping and DynaCleft

Latham-Type Appliances

Primary Unilateral Cleft Lip Repair

Goals of Unilateral Cleft Lip Repair

Timing and Staging of Unilateral Lip Repair

Unilateral Cleft Lip Repair Techniques

Primary Bilateral Cleft Lip Repair

Goals of Bilateral Cleft Lip Repair

Timing and Staging of Bilateral Cleft Lip Repair

Bilateral Cleft Lip Repair Techniques

Primary Cleft Palate Repair

Goals of Palate Repair

Timing of Palate Repair

Hard Palate Repair

Soft Palate Repair

Intravelar Veloplasty

Tissue Augmentation

Secondary Procedures

Speech

Alveolar Cleft Repair

Orthodontic and Orthognathic Treatment

Nasolabial Revisions

Secondary and Formal Cleft Rhinoplasty

Conclusion

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 23. Cleft Lip and Palate: Embryology and Genetics

Introduction

Embryology of the Craniofacial Complex

Craniofacial Development Begins With the Cranial Neural Crest Cells

From Pharyngeal Arches to Facial Prominences

Development of the Palate

Orofacial Clefts and Associated Syndromes

Primary Palate Cleft

Secondary Palate Cleft

Etiology of Orofacial Clefts

Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Palate Development

How the PBX-WNT-P63-IRF6 Pathway Influences Orofacial Patterning

Keeping the Balance Between Apoptosis and Proliferation—FGF, BMP, TGF-ß, SHH

Periderm—The Key to Normal Orofacial Development

Advances Driving Medicine

The Era of Functional Genomics and Multiomics

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 24. Congenital Melanocytic Nevi and Other Common Skin Lesions

Anatomy of the Skin

Congenital Melanocytic Nevi

Risk of Melanoma

Neurocutaneous Melanosis

Surgical Management of CMN

Nevus of Ota and Ito

Spitz Nevus

Halo Nevus

Dysplastic Nevi

Epidermal Nevi

Nevus Sebaceous

Cysts

Epidermal Inclusion Cysts

Pilomatrixoma

Dermoid Cysts

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 25. Vascular Anomalies

Introduction

Tumors

Infantile Hemangioma

Congenital Hemangioma

Kaposiform Hemangioendothelioma

Pyogenic Granuloma

Malformations

Capillary Malformation

Lymphatic Malformation

Venous Malformation

Arteriovenous Malformation

Conclusions

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 26. Nonsyndromic Craniosynostosis and Deformational Plagiocephaly

Nonsyndromic Craniosynostosis

Introduction

Cranial Development, Anatomy, and Pathoanatomy

Classification

Diagnosis

Functional Aspects

Treatment

Clinical Findings and Management of Specific Types of Craniosynostosis

Complications

Deformational Plagiocephaly, Brachycephaly, and Scaphocephaly

Introduction

Diagnosis and Terminology

Etiology

Assessment

Prevention and Treatment

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 27. Syndromic Craniosynostosis

Introduction

Patient Evaluation

Genetic Considerations

Selected Syndromes

Apert Syndrome

Crouzon Syndrome

Pfeiffer Syndrome

Saethre-Chotzen Syndrome

Muenke Syndrome

Carpenter Syndrome

Jackson-Weiss Syndrome

Craniofrontonasal Dysplasia

ERF-Related Craniosynostosis

TCF12-Related Craniosynostosis

Surgical Management

Surgical Indications

Selected Procedures

Surgical Sequencing

Psychosocial Management

Conclusion

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 28. Craniofacial Microsomia and Principles of Craniofacial Distraction

Craniofacial Microsomia

Epidemiology

Pathophysiology

Clinical Presentation

Classification Schemes

Evaluation and Workup

Imaging and Testing

Management and Treatment

Craniofacial Distraction

Principles of DO

Hardware

Mandibular Distraction

Midface Distraction

Cranial Vault Distraction

Complications

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 29. Orthognathic Surgery

Orthognathic Surgery: Definition and Goals

Presurgical Orthodontic Requirements

Postoperative Care

Adult and Pediatric Dental Primer

Common Dental Terms

Diagnosing Common Dentofacial Deformities

History

Physical Exam: The Facial Examination

Cephalometrics

Collaborating With Your Orthodontist

Surgical Planning

Dental Model Surgery

Virtually Planned Orthognathic Surgery

Routine Orthognathic Procedures

Le Fort I Maxillary Osteotomy

Surgically Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion

Mandibular Sagittal Split Osteotomy

Vertical Ramus Osteotomy

Genioplasty

Intraoperative Complications

Bleeding

Open Bite

Bad Splits

Fractured Occlusal Splint

Nerve Transection

Tooth and Gingival Damage

Dislodged Orthodontic Appliances

Postoperative Complications

Infection

Persistent Malocclusion

Malunion and Nonunion

Conclusion

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 30. Craniofacial Clefts and Orbital Hypertelorism

Cleft 0 and 14

Median Craniofacial Hypoplasia

Median Craniofacial Dysraphia

Median Craniofacial Hyperplasia

Cleft Number 1

Soft Tissue

Skeletal

Cleft Number 2

Soft Tissue

Skeletal

Cleft Number 3

Soft Tissue

Skeletal

Cleft Number 4

Soft Tissue

Skeletal

Cleft Number 5

Soft Tissue

Skeletal

Cleft Number 6

Soft Tissue

Skeletal

Cleft Number 7

Soft Tissue

Skeletal

Cleft Number 8

Soft Tissue

Skeletal

Cleft Number 9

Soft Tissue

Skeletal

Cleft Number 10

Soft Tissue

Skeletal

Cleft Number 11

Soft Tissue

Skeletal

Cleft Number 12

Soft Tissue

Skeletal

Cleft Number 13

Soft Tissue

Skeletal

Cleft Number 14

Soft Tissue

Skeletal

Cleft Number 30

Soft Tissue

Skeletal

Cleft Numbers 31 to 33

Hypertelorism

Surgical Considerations

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 31. Ear Reconstruction

Epidemiology and Embryology

Anatomy and Orientation

Congenital Ear Malformations and Deformations

Patterns of Deformation

Microtia

Autologous Costal Cartilage Reconstruction

Subfascial Tissue Expansion and Expanded Two-Flap Reconstruction

Porous High-Density Polyethylene Reconstruction

Prosthetic Reconstruction

Comparative Outcomes, Technical Considerations, and Complications

Technical Considerations in Comorbid Conditions

Craniofacial Microsomia

Treacher Collins Syndrome

Trauma

Burns

Partial Auricle Defects

Atresia Repair

Conclusions

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 32. Management of Velopharyngeal Dysfunction

Velopharyngeal Apparatus

Anatomy

Physiology

Pathophysiology

Diagnosis

History and Physical Examination

Perceptual Speech Evaluation

Speech Videofluoroscopy

Nasopharyngoscopy

Nasometry

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Management

Nonsurgical Management

Surgical Management

Special Considerations

Chromosomal Deletion Syndromes

Submucous Cleft Palate

Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy

VPD and Orthognathic Surgery

Conclusion

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 33. Craniofacial Tumors and Conditions

Fibrous Dysplasia

Etiology and Pathogenesis

Diagnosis

Treatment

Parry-Romberg Syndrome

Etiology and Pathogenesis

Treatment

Treacher Collins Syndrome

Etiology and Pathogenesis

Treatment

Neurofibromatosis

Etiology and Pathogenesis

Treatment

Robin Sequence

Etiology and Pathogenesis

Treatment

Moebius Syndrome

Etiology and Pathogenesis

Treatment

Dermoid Cyst

Etiology and Pathogenesis

Treatment

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 34. Pediatric Brachial Plexus Reconstruction

Introduction

History

Anatomy

Roots

Trunks

Divisions

Cords

Medial Cord

Lateral Cord

Posterior Cord

Epidemiology

Risk Factors

Clinical Evaluation

Motor Examination

Surgical Decision-Making

Supraclavicular Approach

Neuroma Excision and Grafting

Nerve Transfers

Uncommon Nerve Transfers

Secondary Reconstructive Techniques

Shoulder Management

Innovations

Multiple Choice Question

Part IV: Head and Neck

Chapter 35. Skeletal and Soft Tissue Injuries of the Face

Evaluation of Facial Trauma

Skeletal Injuries of the Face

Skull Fracture

Frontal Sinus Fracture

Nasal Fractures

Orbital Fractures

Zygomaticomaxillary Complex Fracture

Naso-Orbito-Ethmoid Fracture

LeFort Fractures

Mandible Fractures

Panfacial Fractures

Soft Tissue Injuries of the Face

Scalp Laceration

Periorbital

Ears

Nose

Lips

Midface

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 36. Head and Neck Cancer and Salivary Gland Tumors

Epidemiologic Trends and Risk Factors

Human Papillomavirus

Preoperative Considerations

Examination (Figure 36.1)

Adjunct Diagnostic Tests

Biopsies

Imaging

Staging

Changes to Staging With the Eighth Edition of AJCC

Treatment

Surgical Resection

Rationale of Neck Dissection (Figure 36.4)

Types of Neck Dissection

Supraomohyoid Neck Dissection

Anterior Compartment Neck Dissection

Posterolateral Neck Dissection

Lateral Neck Dissection

Extended Neck Dissection

Radiation Therapy

Systemic Therapy

Adjuvant Therapy

Salivary Tumors

Background

Salivary Tumor Characteristics

Physical Examination

Radiographic Evaluation

Pathologic Evaluation

Tumor Types and Staging

Treatment

Outcomes

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 37. Neuroplastic and Reconstructive Surgery: Management of Complex Scalp and Skull Defects

Introduction to Neuroplastic Surgery

Anatomy of the Scalp and Skull

Scalp

Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment Principles for Neuroplastic Surgery

Neuroplastic Surgery Incision Planning

Neuroplastic Classification System of Scalp Closure and Reconstruction

Calvarium

Neuroplastic Surgery Reconstruction Principles

Anterior Skull Base Reconstruction

Frontal Sinus Management in the Setting of Craniotomy and Cranioplasty

Temporal Midfacial Reconstruction

Summary

Acknowledgments

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 38. Reconstruction of the Eyelids, Correction of Ptosis, and Canthoplasty

Anatomy

Eyelid Reconstruction

Upper Eyelid Reconstruction (Zone I)

Lower Eyelid Reconstruction (Zone II)

Medial Canthal Reconstruction (Zone III)

Lateral Canthal Reconstruction (Zone IV)

Eyelid Ptosis Reconstruction

Anatomy of Eyelid Elevation

History

Physical Evaluation

Clinical Features and Differential Diagnosis

Preoperative Evaluation

Operative Decision Making

Levator Advancement

Tarsal Conjunctival Mullerectomy

Levator Plication

Frontalis Sling

Complications

Canthoplasty

Tarsal Tuck Canthopexy

Lateral Tarsal Strip Procedure

Canthoplasty

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 39. Nasal Reconstruction

Introduction

Anatomical Considerations

Aesthetic Subunits and Proportions

Reconstruction Basics

Biological Agents

Skin Grafting

Local Flap Specifics

Linear Closure

Melolabial Transposition Flap

Bilobed Flap

Dorsonasal Flap

Nasolabial Flap

Paramedian Forehead Flap

Framework Support

Nasal Lining Options

Composite Grafts

Hingeover Lining Flaps

Intranasal Lining Flaps

Skin Grafts

Folded Forehead Flap

Free Flap Lining

Complications

Conclusions and Future Directions

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 40. Reconstruction of Acquired Lip and Cheek Deformities

Lip Reconstruction

Anatomy

Understanding Lip Defects

Postoperative Care

Cheek Reconstruction

Cheek Anatomy

Reconstructive Options

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 41. Facial Paralysis

The Facial Nerve

Facial Nerve Anatomy and Function

Extratemporal Segment

What Is Facial Paralysis?

Causes and Mechanism of Facial Nerve Injury

Bell Palsy

Types of Facial Paralysis—Flaccid Versus Postparetic Facial Synkinesis

Grading Systems for Facial Paralysis

Flaccid Facial Paralysis

Patient Presentation

Static Procedures

Long-Term (Chronic) Flaccid Facial Paralysis

Synkinesis—Postparetic Synkinesis

Synkinesis Patient Presentation (Figure 41.5A-C)

Treatment of Patients With Postparetic Synkinesis

Summary

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 42. Mandible Reconstruction

Indications

Oncologic Resection

Osteoradionecrosis

Trauma

Pediatric/Congenital

Classifications

Reconstructive Decision-Making

Flap Selection

Fibula

Iliac Crest

Scapula

Radial Forearm

Reconstructive Algorithm

Planning

Virtual Surgical Planning

Surgical Technique

Postoperative Management

Complications

Conclusion

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 43. Reconstruction of the Oral Cavity, Pharynx, and Esophagus

Anatomy

Oral Cavity

Floor of Mouth Reconstruction

Buccal Mucosa Reconstruction

Tongue Reconstruction

Pharynx

Esophagus

Recipient Vessel Dissection

Postoperative Care

Complications

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 44. Facial Gender-Affirming Surgery

Introduction and Access to Care Under Health Insurance

Surgical Consultation

Facial Analysis and Physical Examination

Upper Third

Middle Third

Lower Third and Neck

Surgical Planning of Osteotomies

Feminizing Operative Technique and Considerations

Upper Third of Face

Middle Third of Face

Lower Third of Face and Neck

Staging of Procedures

Masculinizing Procedures

Nonbinary Considerations

Postoperative Care and Surgical Outcomes

Mental Health Quality-of-Life Outcomes

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 45. Migraine Surgery

Introduction

Background

Evaluation

Trigger Point Identification and Treatment

Frontal Trigger Point

Temporal Trigger Points

Intranasal Trigger Points (Rhinogenic Migraine)

Occipital Trigger Points

Recovery and Complication

Conclusions

Multiple Choice Question

Part V: Aesthetic Surgery

Chapter 46. Nonsurgical Facial Rejuvenation and Skin Resurfacing

Introduction

Normal Skin Anatomy

Epidermis

Dermis

Subcutaneous Layer

Aging Skin

Patient Selection

Biology of Wound Healing From Resurfacing Procedure

Overview of Treatments

Nonthermal Procedures

Chemical Peels

Superficial Peels

Medium-Depth Peels

Deep Peels

Dermabrasion

Microneedling

Thermal Procedures

Intense Focused Ultrasound

RF Microneedling

Intense Pulsed Light

Broadband Light

Lasers

Types of Lasers

Ablative versus Nonablative

Fractionated versus Nonfractionated

Skin Resurfacing

Treatment of Vascular Lesions

Pulsed Dye Laser

Potassium Titanyl Phosphate

Nd:YAG

Treatment of Pigmented Lesions

Tattoo Removal

Complications of Lasers

Plasma Skin Resurfacing

Helium RF Plasma

Nitrogen Plasma

Emerging Technologies

Conclusion

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 47. Dermal and Soft-Tissue Fillers: Principles, Materials, and Techniques

Indications

Types of Filler

Biologic

Synthetic

Technique

Facial Analysis

The Youthful Face Versus the Aging Face

Injection

Facial Optimization and Facial Sculpting

Posttreatment Care

Maintenance

Complications and Adverse Events

Conclusion

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 48. Botulinum Toxin

Pharmacology and Commercial Preparation

Contraindications and Adverse Effects

Clinical Applications

Rejuvenation

Posttreatment Care and Follow-Up

Prejuvenation

Nonaesthetic Clinical Uses

Acknowledgments and Disclosures

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 49. Fat Grafting in Plastic Surgery

Introduction

Indications and Preoperative Optimization

Harvesting

Anesthesia

Donor Site Selection

Donor Site Preparation

Harvest Technique

Preparation

Engraftment/Infiltration

Recipient Site Preparation

Placement Method

Plane of Fat Placement

Fat Grafting as Regenerative Surgery

Postoperative Outcomes and Adverse Events

Donor Site

Recipient Site

Conclusion and Future Considerations

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 50. Forehead and Brow Rejuvenation

History

Anatomy

Motor Innervation

Sensory Innervation

Vasculature

Clinical Evaluation

Management of the Aging Forehead

Nonsurgical

Surgical Procedures

Complications

Summary

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 51. Blepharoplasty

Introduction

Anatomy

Preoperative Evaluation

Upper Blepharoplasty

Lower Blepharoplasty

Postoperative Care

Management of Complications

Conclusion

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 52. Eyelid Ptosis and Repair

Definitions

Surgical Anatomy of Blepharoptosis

Classification of Blepharoptosis

Preoperative Assessment

Photography and Videography

Ophthalmology Consultation

Treatment Principles and Considerations

Congenital Ptosis

Frontalis Suspension

Suspension Biomaterial

Suspension Configuration

Frontalis Orbicularis Oculi Muscle Flap

Acquired Ptosis

Tarso-Mullerectomy (Fasanella-Servat Procedure)

Muller Muscle-Conjunctival Resection

Levator Advancement

Preoperative Determination of Fixation Locations for the Levator Advancement

Surgical Technique

Postoperative Outcomes

Complications

Conclusion

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 53. Facelift and Necklift

Historical Perspective

Nomenclature

Science of Facial Aging

The Facelift Consult

Facelift Anatomy

Soft Tissue

Musculature

Motor and Sensory Nerves

Vasculature

Marking the Patient and Operating Room Setup

Surgical Steps

Fat Grafting

Dissection

Skin Redraping and Closure

Dressings and Postoperative Management

Complications

Conclusion

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 54. Functional Considerations in Esthetic Rhinoplasty

Introduction

The Pathophysiology of Breathing and Airflow

Nasal Resistance

External Nasal Valve

Internal Nasal Valve

Preoperative Analysis

Surgical Techniques for the Prevention and Treatment of Nasal Obstruction

Incisions and Approaches

Excisions

Correction of Septal Deviations and Deflections

Turbinates

Osteotomies

Grafts

Sutures

Conclusion

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 55. Aesthetic Rhinoplasty

Introduction

Aesthetic Evaluation of the Rhinoplasty Patient

Facial Analysis of the Rhinoplasty Patient

Examination

Evaluation of the Septum

Psychological/Emotional Evaluation

Standardized Photographic Views

Lighting

Camera Equipment

Surgical Management in Rhinoplasty

Treatment of the Septum in Aesthetic Rhinoplasty

The Dorsum

Dorsal Reduction

Osteotomies

Dorsal Augmentation

The Nasal Tip

Controlling Tip Rotation and Projection

Controlling Tip Geometry and Volume

Intradomal Sutures (Within an Individual Dome)

Summary

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 56. Concepts in Treating Common Congenital Ear Pathology

Introduction

Normal Ear Anatomy

Ear Molding/Nonoperative Treatment

Prominent Ear

Constricted Ear

Cryptotia

Stahl Deformity

Prognosis/Complications

Summary

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 57. Technical Refinement in Treating Prominent Ears

Introduction

Prominent Ears

Initial Consultation

Examination and Anatomy

Upper Third

Middle Third

Lower Third

Surgical Timing

Operative Techniques

Incision and Dissection

Antihelix

Conchal Bowl

Lobule

Postoperative Care

Complications

Hematoma

Infection

Relapse

Overcorrection or Undercorrection

Obscured Postauricular Sulcus

Contour Irregularities

Irregular Antihelical Shape and Unnatural Taper

Suture Complications

Obliteration of External Auditory Canal

Conclusion

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 58. Alloplastic Augmentation of the Facial Skeleton

Introduction

Options for Facial Contouring

Soft Tissue Versus Skeletal Augmentation

Materials

Fat

Bone

Alloplastic Materials

Polytetrafluoroethylene

Polysiloxane (Silicone)

Acrylic

Polyether Ether Ketones

Author’s Preferred Implant Materials

Indications for Alloplastic Facial Implants

Congenital Skeletal Deficiency

Aesthetic Facial Balancing in Patients With “Normal” Dimensions

Correction of Skeletal Asymmetries

Preoperative Planning

CAD/CAM

Operative Principles

Dental Hygiene

Anesthesia and Preparation

Intraoral Access

Cutaneous Access

Requisites of Implant Shape, Positioning, and Immobilization

Positioning

Areas for Augmentation

Midface Augmentation

Malar

Paranasal

Infraorbital Rim

Mandible Augmentation

Chin Augmentation With Implants

Evaluation and Planning

Facial Analysis

Surgical Anatomy

Chin Implant Design

Preferred Operative Technique for Alloplastic Chin Augmentation

Outcomes

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 59. Labiaplasty and Vaginal Rejuvenation

Introduction

Overview of Genital Rejuvenation

Procedures

Patient Motivations

Labiaplasty

Majoraplasty

Mons Liposuction

Monsplasty

Vaginoplasty/Perineoplasty

Surgical Anatomy

Superficial Anatomy

Blood Supply

Innervation

Musculature

Patient Evaluation

History

Physical Examination

Anesthesia, Positioning, Prepping, and Draping

Anesthesia

Positioning

Prepping and Draping

Surgical Procedures

Labiaplasty

Monsplasty

Mons Liposuction

Majoraplasty

Augmentation: Fat Grafting

Perineoplasty

Vaginoplasty

Nonoperative Vulvovaginal Treatments

Labia Majora Augmentation With Dermal Filler

Improving Sexual Satisfaction

Energy Devices

Conclusion

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 60. Hair Restoration

Introduction

History of Hair Transplantation

Hair Anatomy and Physiology

Hair Disorders and Classification Systems

Indications for Hair Transplantation

Hairline Esthetics

Surgical Techniques

Expectations and Complications

Medical and Adjunct Treatment Options

Conclusion

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 61. Buttock Augmentation

Introduction/Historical Perspective

Ideal Proportions

Anatomical Considerations

Buttock Ptosis

Neurovascular Anatomy

Preoperative Evaluation/Patient Selection

Markings

Surgical Technique

Patient Preparation

Surgical Procedure

Fat Collection and Injection

Fat Grafting

Postoperative Care

Buttock Implants

Expectations

Complications

Multiple Choice Question

Part VI: Breast

Chapter 62. Augmentation Mammoplasty, Mastopexy, and Augmentation Mastopexy

Introduction to Aesthetic Breast Surgery

Preoperative Assessment of the Aesthetic Breast Patient

Breast Augmentation

Implant Selection

Incision

Pocket Selection

Management of Breast Ptosis

Mastopexy

Evaluation of the Ptotic Breast

Surgical Techniques

Circumareolar

Circumvertical

Inverted-T/Wise Pattern

Lower Pole Mastopexy

Augmentation Mastopexy

Implant Selection

Pocket Selection

Mastopexy Techniques

Complications in Aesthetic Breast Surgery

Hematoma

Infection

Sensation Changes

Deflation and Implant Rupture

Capsular Contracture

Implant Malposition

Animation Deformity

Breast Implant–Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma

Mastopexy and Augmentation Mastopexy Complications

Conclusion

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 63. Breast Reduction

Introduction

Anatomy

Embryology/Physiology

External Anatomy

Vascular Anatomy

Nerve Anatomy

Epidemiology

Initial Patient Evaluation

History

Physical Examination (Figure 63.1)

Patient Counseling

Techniques

Considerations for Design

Wise Pattern/Inverted T

Markings (Figure 63.2)

Vertical Pattern

Periareolar

Pedicle Dissection/Operative Details

Operative Considerations

Inferior Pedicle

Superior Pedicle

Superomedial Pedicle

Lateral Pedicle

Central Mound

Operative Technique: Inferior Pedicle With Wise-Pattern Skin Excision (Figures 63.3 and 63.4)

Operative Technique: Superomedial Pedicle With Wise-Pattern Skin Excision (Figures 63.5-63.7)

Operative Technique: Superomedial Pedicle With Vertical Skin Resection (Figures 63.8 and 63.9)

Amputation With Free Nipple Grafting (Figures 63.10-63.12)

Liposuction for Breast Reduction

Postoperative Care

Complications (Figure 63.13)

Delayed Wound Healing

Hematoma

Seroma

Asymmetry

Loss of NAC Sensation

NAC Ischemia

Recurrence

Special Considerations

Secondary Reduction

Adolescent Population

Health Equity

Conclusion

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 64. Gynecomastia

Pathophysiology

Natural History

Classification

Investigations

History

Physical Examination

Imaging

Management

Conservative Management

Surgical Management

Liposuction

Subcutaneous Mastectomy

Postoperative Care

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 65. Breast Cancer: Current Trends in Screening, Patient Evaluation, and Treatment

Introduction

Risk Factors

Types of Breast Cancer

Ductal Carcinoma in Situ

Invasive Ductal Carcinoma

Invasive Lobular Carcinoma

Inflammatory Breast Cancer

Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

HER2-Positive Breast Cancer

Male Breast Cancer

Screening

Staging

Workup

Neoadjuvant Systemic Therapy

Surgical Treatment

Breast-Conserving Therapy

Mastectomy

Management of the Axilla

Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy

Axillary Lymph Node Dissection

Systemic Therapy

Radiation Therapy

Delayed Wound Healing

Capsular Contracture

Changes in Breast Shape

Emerging Breast Implant Associated Malignancies: BIA-ALCL, BCL, and SCC

Conclusions

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 66. Breast Reconstruction—Prosthetic Techniques

Introduction

General Considerations

The “Oncoplastic” Team

Preoperative Evaluation

Patient Counseling

Mastectomy Flap Quality

Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy

Implant Plane

Support Materials

Radiation Therapy

Two-Stage Tissue Expander Reconstruction

Patient Selection

Operative Technique—Tissue Expander Placement

Postoperative Management

Operative Technique—Implant Exchange

Immediate Implant Reconstruction

Patient Selection

Operative Technique

Conclusions

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 67. Concepts in Optimizing Breast Reconstruction Using Autologous Tissue

Preoperative Evaluation

Hormonal Treatment

Clotting History

Collagen Vascular Disease

Prior Scars

Obesity

Donor Sites

Abdominal Donor Site

Thigh Donor Site

Operative Variables Between Surgical Sites—Technical Aspects

Autologous Reconstruction in the Setting of Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy

Flap Transfer After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy

Outcomes After History of Radiation Therapy

Outcomes of Reconstruction Followed by Radiation Therapy

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 68. Options in Autologous Breast Reconstruction

Introduction

Pedicle Flaps

Latissimus Dorsi Flap

Transverse Rectus Abdominis Myocutaneous Flap

Microvascular Free Flaps

Recipient Vessels

Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator Flap

Profunda Artery Perforator Flap

Transverse Upper Gracilis Flap

Gluteal Flaps

Lumbar Artery Perforator Flap

Neurotization and Sensate Flaps

Summary

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 69. Oncoplastic Techniques for Breast Reconstruction

Standardized Terminology

Preoperative Considerations

Patient-Related Factors

Tumor-Related Factors

Timing of Oncoplastic Reconstruction

Techniques for Oncoplastic Breast Reconstruction

Volume Displacement Techniques

Level 1 Volume Displacement

Level 2 Volume Displacement

Volume Replacement Techniques

Lateral Intercostal Artery Perforator Flaps

Lateral Thoracic Artery Perforator Flap

Thoracoepigastric Flaps

Thoracodorsal Artery Perforator and Latissimus Dorsi Flaps

Postoperative Complications

Oncologic Surveillance

Conclusions

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 70. Management of Breast Cancer–Related Lymphedema

Background

Clinical Assessment

Conservative Management

Surgical Method for Lymphedema Prevention at Time of Axillary Dissection

Surgical Management of Upper Extremity Lymphedema

Reconstructive Lymphatic Surgery

Lymphovenous (Lymphaticovenular) Anastomosis

Vascularized Lymph Node Transfer

VLNT at Time of Autologous Reconstruction

Axillary Vein Decompression

Reductive/Debulking Surgery

Conclusion

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 71. Secondary Procedures for Breast Reconstruction: Fat Grafting

Introduction

Background

Lipoaspirate Harvest

Autologous Fat Grafting

Off-the-Shelf Adipose Allograft

Surgical Techniques

Delivery Techniques and Distribution of Fat

Technique of Fat Grafting to Optimize Survival

Indications for Fat Grafting and Types of Defects

Fat Grafting in Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction

Retropectoral/Dual-Plane Breast Reconstruction

Prepectoral Breast Reconstruction

Conversion Retropectoral to Prepectoral Plane

Irradiated Breast

Fat Grafting in the Autologous Reconstructed Breast

Safety in Breast Reconstruction

Discerning the Palpable Nodule

Graft Database

Conclusion

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 72. Reconstruction of the Nipple-Areolar Complex

Introduction

Goals

Markings

Techniques

CV Flap

Star Flap

S Flap/Double-Opposing Tab

Nipple Sharing

Free NAC Grafts

Tattoo

Nipple and Areolar Reconstruction Revisions

Nipple Projection

Nipple Augmentation

Nipple Reduction

Areolar Revisions

Postoperative Care

Pitfalls and Complications

Conclusions

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 73. Congenital Anomalies of the Breast: Tuberous Breasts, Poland Syndrome, and Asymmetry

Introduction

Breast Asymmetry

Tuberous Breast Deformity

Poland Syndrome

Breast Embryology

Typical Development

Etiology of Congenital Anomalies

Health-Related Quality of Life Considerations

Nonoperative Management

Surgical Treatment

Breast Asymmetry

Tuberous Breast Deformity

Poland Syndrome

Postoperative Complications and Outcomes

Conclusion

Multiple Choice Question

Part VII: Body Contouring

Chapter 74. Principles of Plastic Surgery After Massive Weight Loss

Introduction

Preoperative Assessment

Type of MWL Surgery

Identifying and Optimizing Comorbidities

Nicotine Use

Zones of Adherence

Physical Examination

Staging and Timing of Procedures

Operative Tips

Markings

Home Medications on the Day of Surgery

Patient Positioning

Temperature Monitoring

Deep Vein Thrombosis Prevention

Preoperative Antibiotics

Complications

Outcomes

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 75. Liposuction, Abdominoplasty, and Belt Lipectomy

Liposuction

Patient Selection and Evaluation

Pertinent Anatomy

Marking, Positioning, and Safety

Treatment

Postoperative Care

Complications

Abdominoplasty

Pertinent Anatomy

Patient Selection and Evaluation

Marking, Positioning, and Safety

Treatment Types

Postoperative Care

Complications

Belt Lipectomy

Pertinent Anatomy

Patient Selection and Evaluation

Marking, Positioning, and Safety

Treatment

Autoaugmentation

Postoperative Care

Complications

Conclusions

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 76. Lower Body Lift and Thighplasty

Lower Body Lift

Introduction

Preoperative Evaluation

Preoperative Markings

Operative Approach

Postoperative Care

Postoperative Complications

Thighplasty

Introduction

Preoperative Evaluation

Preoperative Markings

Operative Approach

Postoperative Care

Complications

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 77. Brachioplasty

Introduction

Applied Anatomy

Classification Systems

Evolution of Brachioplasty Techniques

Minimal Incision Brachioplasty

Fish-Mouth/T-Incisions in Brachioplasty Limited to the Arm

Extended Brachioplasty

Scar Placement

Liposuction

Complications and Outcomes

Multiple Choice Question

Part VIII: Hand

Chapter 78. Functional Anatomy and Principles of Upper Extremity Surgery

Surface Anatomy

Forearm

Volar Hand

Dorsal Hand

Radial Wrist

Ulnar Wrist

Functional Anatomy

Bony Foundation

Forearm

Wrist

Hand

Musculotendinous System

Extensors

Flexors

Intrinsic Muscles and Tendons

Neurovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Arteries

Veins

Lymph Vessels

Nerves

Principles of Upper Extremity Surgery

Assessment

Treatment

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 79. Principles of Bone Fixation

Summary of Principles

Definitions

Fracture-Related Forces

Bone Fixation Construct Related

Bone Biology Related 2

Biomechanics of Bone Healing

Biomechanics of Fracture Fixation

Preoperative Considerations, Decision Making, and Planning

Intraoperative Approaches, Reductions, and Fixation Techniques

Screw Breakage During Insertion

Screw Breakage During Loading

Screw Pullout

Fixation Plate Breakage

Fixation in Osteoporotic Bone

Postoperative Considerations: Dressing, Fixation Techniques, and Their Effect on Rehabilitation and Bone Healing

Complications of Poor Reduction or Fixation Techniques

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 80. Hand Infections

Introduction

Paronychia

Onychomycosis

Felon

Infectious Flexor Tenosynovitis

Subfascial Infections

Viral Infections

Septic Arthritis

Necrotizing Fasciitis

Aquatic Infections

Fungal Hand Infections

Infection Mimickers

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 81. Soft-Tissue Reconstruction of the Upper Extremity and Management of Fingertip and Nail Bed Injuries

Principle of Soft-Tissue Reconstruction in the Upper Extremity

Special Characteristics of Hand and Digits Reconstruction

Decision-Making Process for Optimal Flap Selection

Classification of Soft-Tissue Defects

Flap Selection Based on Defect Location and Size in Hand and Digits

Distal Finger Subunit (From Fingertip to Proximal Interphalangeal Joint [PIPJ])

Proximal Finger Subunit (PIPJ to Metacarpophalangeal Joint [MCPJ])

Thumb Subunit (Tip to MCPJ)

Hand Unit (MCP Joint to Wrist)

Flap Selection Based on Defect Size in Upper Extremity Except for Hand and Digits

Conclusions

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 82. Management of Compression Neuropathies of the Upper Extremity

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Classification of Nerve Injury

Diagnosis

History

Physical Examination

Adjunctive Studies

Surgical Principles

Median Nerve Compression

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Pronator Syndrome

Anterior Interosseous Nerve Syndrome

Ulnar Nerve Compression

Cubital Tunnel Syndrome

Guyon Canal Compression

Radial Nerve Compression

Radial Tunnel Compression

Radial Nerve at the Spiral Groove

Superficial Sensory Branch of the Radial Nerve

Conclusion

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 83. Principles and Applications of Nerve Transfers

Introduction

Principles and Indications

Technical Considerations (Figure 83.1)

Multidisciplinary Approach and Workup

Applications

Upper Extremity (Table 83.2)

Multidisciplinary Evaluation and Postoperative Care

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 84. Management of Brachial Plexus Injuries

Surgical Anatomy

Classification of Brachial Plexus Injury

Type of Nerve Injury

Mechanism of Injury and Epidemiology

Pattern of Injury

Patient Evaluation

History and Clinical Examination

Imaging

Electrodiagnostic Studies

Management

Timing

Operative Treatment

Surgical Exposure and Monitoring

Reconstruction by Injury Pattern

C5-6 (Upper Trunk) Injury

C5-7 (Upper and Middle Trunk) Injury

C8-T1 (Lower Trunk) Injury

C5-T1 (Pan Plexus) Injury

Sensory Nerve Reinnervation

Shoulder Reconstruction

Multidisciplinary Approach

Postoperative Care

Outcomes

Conclusions

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 85. Tetraplegia

Introduction

Pathophysiology of Injury

Clinical Evaluation

Management of Tetraplegia

Surgical Treatment

Elbow Extension

Hand Open/Close

Postoperative Care and Rehabilitation

Tendon Transfer

Nerve Transfer

Outcomes

Complications

Conclusion

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 86. Management of Hand Fractures and Fracture Dislocations

Introduction

Clinical Evaluation

Principles of Management

Phalangeal Fractures

Distal Phalanx Fractures

Extra-Articular Fractures of the Proximal and Middle Phalanges

Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Fracture Dislocations

Condylar Fractures

Metacarpal Fractures

Intra-Articular Metacarpal Head Fractures

Metacarpal Neck Fractures

Metacarpal Shaft Fractures

Thumb Metacarpal Base Fractures

Carpometacarpal Fracture Dislocations

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 87. Management of Wrist Fractures and Dislocations

Introduction

Anatomy and Biomechanics

Diagnosis

Clinical Examination

Imaging

Wrist Fractures

Scaphoid

Triquetrum

Other Carpal Fractures

Wrist Dislocations

Radiocarpal Dislocations

Perilunate Dislocations

Isolated Carpal Bone Dislocation

Axial Fracture Dislocations

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 88. Distal Radius and Forearm Fractures

Distal Radius Fractures

Epidemiology

Pertinent Anatomy and Biomechanics

History and Clinical Examination

Radiographic Imaging

Fracture Classification

Associated Conditions

Treatment

Forearm Fractures

Introduction

Diaphyseal Forearm Fractures

Monteggia Fractures

Galeazzi Fractures

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 89. Flexor Tendon Repair and Reconstruction

Introduction

Anatomy

Basic Science

Clinical Evaluation

Primary Tendon Repair

Postoperative Rehabilitation

Flexor Tendon Reconstruction

Complications

Conclusion

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 90. Extensor Tendon Repair and Reconstruction

Introduction

Anatomy

Extensor Tendon Injuries

General Principles of Exam and Diagnosis

Zones of Injury

Zone I Injuries

Zone II

Zone III

Zone IV

Zone V

Zone VI

Zone VII

Zones VIII and IX

Acute Injuries With Loss or Degloving

Chronic Tendon Issues

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 91. Tendinopathies of the Upper Extremity

Introduction

Lateral and Medial Epicondylitis of the Elbow

Epidemiology

Pathology

Diagnosis

Investigations

Natural History

Treatment and Outcomes

Trigger Digits

Epidemiology

Pathology

Diagnosis

Treatment and Outcomes

De Quervain Tenosynovitis

Epidemiology

Pathology

Diagnosis

Treatment and Outcomes

Other Tendinopathies

Intersection Syndrome

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Tendinitis

Conclusion

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 92. Principles and Applications of Tendon Transfers

Introduction

Principles of Tendon Transfer

Timing

Restoration of Sensation

Skeletal Stability

Supple Joints

Soft-Tissue Equilibrium

Single Function

Selection of Donor Muscle

Preoperative Evaluation

Tenorrhaphy Technique

Radial Nerve Palsy

Median Nerve Palsy

Ulnar Nerve Palsy

Combined Palsies and Other Injuries

Postoperative Management

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 93. Ligamentous Injuries in the Hand

Introduction

Normal Ligament Anatomy and Function

Histology

Anatomy

Ligamentous Injury

Pathomechanics of Injury

Tissue-Level Injury

Classification of Ligament Injuries

Diagnosis

History

Physical Examination

Imaging (Radiography, MRI, Ultrasonography)

Treatment

Healing

Management

Operative Repair of Ligamentous Injuries

Outcome of Ligamentous Injuries

Management of Stiff Joints

Conclusion

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 94. Ligament Injuries of the Wrist

Anatomy

Kinematics

Instability

Wrist Examination

Imaging Modalities

Scapholunate Ligament Injury

Diagnosis

Classification

Arthroscopy

Treatment

Lunotriquetral Ligament Injury

Diagnosis

Treatment

Perilunate Dislocation

Diagnosis

Classification

Treatment

Triangulofibrocartilage Complex Injury

Diagnosis

Classification

Treatment

Conclusion

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 95. Management of Mutilating Upper Extremity Injuries

Introduction

Evaluation and Initial Resuscitation

Amputation Versus Salvage

Preparation for the Operating Room

Management of Vascular Compromise

Skeletal Fixation

Vascular Repair

Tendon and Muscle Repair

Nerve Repair

Soft-Tissue Coverage

Use of “Spare Parts”

Fasciotomy

Special Situations

Wartime Damage Control

Pediatric Patients

CONCLUSION

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 96. Replantation Strategies of the Hand and Upper Extremity

History

Indications

Preoperative Management

Benchwork

Anesthesia

Single Digital Replantation

Benchwork

Preparation of the Stump

Sequence of Repair

Distal Digital Replantation

Ring Avulsion Replantation

Thumb

Transmetacarpal Replantation

Multiple Digit Replantation

Major Limb Replantation

Postoperative Care

Salvaging the Troubled Replant

Rehabilitation

Outcomes

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 97. Thumb Reconstruction

Overall Function

Anatomy and Mechanics of the Thumb

Carpometacarpal Joint

Vascular Anatomy

Patient Evaluation

History of Thumb Reconstruction

Reconstructive Goals

Maintain/Increase Length

Mobility/Stability

Sensation

Thumb Replantation

Thumb Reconstruction

Distal Third

Middle Third

Proximal Third

Conclusion

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 98. Dupuytren Disease

Basic Science

Collagen Types

Involved Cell Types

Epidemiology

Heritability

Dupuytren Spectrum Disease

Dupuytren Diathesis

Comorbidities and Risk Factor Categories

Anatomy and Pathophysiology

Normal Anatomy

Pathophysiology

Pathologic Anatomy

Disease-Specific Anatomic Considerations

Evaluation

Physical Examination

Staging

Diagnostic Imaging

Treatment

Nodule Treatments

Radiation

Contracture Treatments

Adjuncts to Surgical Treatment

Skin Grafting

External Fixation

Splinting

Outcomes

Comparative Outcomes

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 99. Hand Tumors

Clinical Assessment

Investigations

Differentiating Benign and Malignant Tumors

Principles of Biopsy for Suspected Malignant Tumors

Management

Benign Tumors

Malignant Tumors

Reconstruction Following Tumor Resection

Specific Considerations for Common Hand Tumors

Ganglions

Giant Cell Tumors of Tendon Sheath

Epidermal Inclusion Cyst

Schwannoma

Enchondroma

Soft Tissue Sarcoma

Surgery for Malignant Hand Tumors

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 100. Vascular Disorders of the Upper Extremity

Anatomy

Evaluation

History

Physical Examination

Diagnostic Studies

Acute Ischemia

Traumatic

Iatrogenic

Thromboembolic

Venous Thrombosis

Chronic Ischemia

Vasospastic Disease

Buerger Disease

Aneurysm and Thrombosis

Vascular Anomalies

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 101. Comprehensive Management of the Burned Hand

Introduction

Anatomy and Pathophysiology

General Principles of Management of Acutely Burned Hand

Initial Assessment, Resuscitation, and Prevention of Progression of Burn injury

Positioning, Splintage, and Preservation of Range of Motion

Restoring Perfusion by Escharotomy/Fasciotomy

Wound Cover

Therapy and Rehabilitation

General Principles of Management of Postburn Contractures

Timing of Release

Incisional Versus Excisional Release

Method of Resurfacing

Sequence of Release

Planning of the Actual Surgical Procedure

Postoperative Rehabilitation

Aesthetic Procedures After Hand Burns

Conclusion

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 102. Compartment Syndrome of the Upper Extremity

Introduction

Rationale and Basic Science

Diagnosis

Surgical Intervention

Contraindications

Surgical Technique

Practical Tips

Complications

Clinical Results

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 103. Congenital Hand Anomalies

Introduction

Embryology

The Hypoplastic or Absent Thumb

Trigger Thumb

Clasped Thumb

Polydactyly

Clinodactyly

Camptodactyly

Syndactyly

Constriction Ring Syndrome

Cleft Hand

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 104. Upper Limb Amputations and Prosthetics

Introduction

General Principles

Amputation Techniques by Level

Shoulder

Elbow and Forearm

Hand

Finger

Rehabilitation After Amputation

Prosthetic Options

Prosthetics for Amputations Proximal to the Elbow

Transradial Prosthetics

Prosthetics for Digital and Partial Hand Amputations

Nerve Management

Targeted Muscle Reinnervation

Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interfaces

Limitations of Prosthetics

Conclusions

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 105. Rheumatoid Arthritis and Inflammatory Arthropathies

Diagnosis and Pathophysiology

Medical Management and Optimization

Surgical Indications and Timing

Disease Progression and Surgical Treatment

Wrist Bone, Joint, and Soft-Tissue Diseases

Digit Bone, Joint, and Soft-Tissue Disease

Swan Neck and Boutonnière Deformities

Rheumatoid Thumb Deformities

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 106. Osteoarthritis of the Hand and Wrist

Overview

Interphalangeal Joint Arthritis

Anatomy and Examination

Imaging

Treatment

MCP Joint OA

Anatomy and Examination

Imaging

Treatment

Thumb CMC (Basilar) Joint Arthritis

Anatomy and Examination

Imaging

Treatment

Wrist Arthritis

Anatomy and Examination

Imaging

Treatment

Conclusion

Acknowledgments

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 107. Bony Reconstruction of the Upper Extremity

Basic Science of Bone Healing

Techniques for Reconstruction of Bone Defects in the Upper Extremity

Structural Versus Nonstructural Bone Graft

Allograft Reconstruction

Autograft Reconstruction

Induced Membrane (Masquelet) Technique

Vascularized Osseous Flaps

Distraction Osteogenesis and Bone Transport

Vascularized Osteochondral Flaps

Clinical Considerations in Bony Reconstruction

Defect Etiology

Patient Characteristics

Defect Characteristics

Fixation Strategies

Approaching Upper Extremity Bony Reconstruction

Defects of the Radius and Ulna

Defects of the Metacarpals and Phalanges

Reconstruction of Scaphoid Nonunions

Reconstruction of Advanced Avascular Necrosis of the Lunate (Kienbock Disease)

Conclusions

Multiple Choice Question

Part IX: Trunk and Lower Extremity

Chapter 108. Reconstruction of the Chest, Sternum, and Posterior Trunk

Anatomy and Physiology

Etiology of Chest Wall Defects

Clinical Evaluation

Algorithm for Chest Wall Reconstruction

Skeletal Reconstruction

Soft Tissue Reconstruction

Sternum Reconstruction

Posterior Trunk Reconstruction

Anatomy and Physiology

Etiology

Algorithmic Approach to Posterior Trunk Reconstruction

Conclusion

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 109. Abdominal Wall Reconstruction

Anatomy of the Abdominal Wall

Muscle/Fascia

Nerves

Vessels

Causes and Symptoms of Abdominal Wall Defects

Preoperative Optimization of Modifiable Risk Factors

Obesity

Tobacco Use

Diabetes and Hyperglycemia

Nutrition

Contamination Control

Thromboembolism Risk

Prevention of Pulmonary Complications

Pain Control

Fluid Management

Other Risk Factors for Complications

Complex Open Hernia Repair

Primary Musculofascial Closure

Mesh Reinforcement

Management of Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue

Conclusion

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 110. Lower Extremity, Foot, and Ankle Reconstruction

Anatomy

Vasculature

Neurosensory

Muscle Compartments

Cross-Sectional Anatomy at Different Levels in the Leg—Focus on Recipient Vessels

Fracture Classification

Preoperative Considerations and Workup

Mechanism

Physical Therapy and Nutritional Optimization

Examination and Imaging Studies

Amputation Versus Salvage

Timing

Reconstructive and Intraoperative Decisions

Bone Gaps

Muscle Versus Fasciocutaneous Flaps

Reconstruction Based on Location and Function

Recipient Vessel Selection and Venous Outflow

Details on Positioning, Incision Design, Inset, and Skin Grafting

Workhorse Free Flaps for Lower Extremity Reconstruction—Brief and Specific Considerations

Postoperative Care and Complications

Dangle Protocols

Debulking Procedures and Timing

Conclusion

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 111. Perineal Reconstruction

Anatomy

Considerations by Etiology

Congenital Anomalies

Burns

Trauma

Hidradenitis Suppurativa

Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infection

Oncologic Defects

Factors Affecting Outcomes

Approach to Reconstruction

Vulvar Reconstruction

Vaginal Reconstruction

Penoscrotal Reconstruction

Perineal/Perianal/Deep Pelvic Reconstruction

Postoperative Considerations

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 112. Diagnosis and Treatment of Lymphedema

Introduction

Primary Lymphedema

Secondary Lymphedema

Diagnosis of Lymphedema

Staging of Lymphedema

Management of Lymphedema

Nonsurgical Management

Compression Therapy

Manual Lymphatic Drainage

Complete Decongestive Therapy

Intermittent Pneumatic Compression

Compliance

Surgical Treatment of Lymphedema

Debulking Procedures

Physiologic Procedures

Lymphovenous Anastomosis

Vascularized Lymph Node Transplant

Prevention of Lymphedema

The Boston Lymphatic Center Approach

The Future of Lymphatic Care

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 113. Pressure Injury Management and Reconstruction

Epidemiology

Pathophysiology

Pressure

Shear

Other Factors

Pressure Injury Staging

Clinical Management

Nonoperative Treatment

Operative Treatment

Conclusions

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 114. Gender-Affirming Chest Surgery

Introduction

History

Embryology and Staging

Preoperative Requirements

Choice of Appropriate Surgical Technique

Surgery—Technical Considerations

Postoperative Care

Complications

Conclusions

Multiple Choice Question

Chapter 115. Gender-Affirming Phalloplasty and Vaginoplasty

Introduction

Demographics

Standards of Care and Insurance Coverage Considerations

Preoperative Workup and Special Considerations

Multidisciplinary Evaluation and Approach

Hair Removal or Epilation

Hormonal Therapy in the Perioperative Period

Informed Consent, Irreversible Nature of Surgery, and Customized Surgeries

Fertility Preservation

Regret

Pronouns, Patient Name, and Other Special Considerations

Genital Feminization: Vaginoplasty

Preoperative Considerations

Surgical Techniques

Postoperative Course, Complications, and Outcomes

Phalloplasty and Metoidioplasty

Metoidioplasty Versus Phalloplasty

Metoidioplasty

Phalloplasty

Postoperative Course, Complications, and Outcomes

Comments

Multiple Choice Question

Index

 

An aparitie	13/09/2024
Autor	Kevin C Chung
Dimensiuni	213 x 276 mm
Editura	LWW
Format	Hardcover
ISBN	9781975214265
Limba	Engleza
Nr pag	1300
Versiune digitala	DA