Comorbid Conditions in the Treatment of Headache

 

This book is a practical reference and educational tool that teaches headache specialists and neurologists about the comorbid illnesses they will encounter in their patients. Headache Medicine is increasingly recognized as a dedicated specialty with an emerging cohort of physicians focused on treating these patients. Given the high prevalence of headache globally, patients often have comorbid conditions, which affect treatment decisions and outcomes in innumerable ways. This easy-to-use reference of comorbid conditions facilitates an understanding of the complete patient with a headache. Each chapter discusses the longitudinal illnesses organized by body system, in addition to chapters on general internal medicine and the treatment of special populations. Headache clinicians will benefit from building knowledge of general internal medicine topics as an overlay to their headache practice. This reference book on comorbid conditions supports a holistic approach to the patient with a headache. In addition to headache specialists, it will benefit a wide range of health-care providers, including neurologists, primary care physicians, pediatricians, obstetricians, and gynecologists.

 

Contents:

About the Editors

Contributors

1 Introduction to Comorbid Conditions in the Treatment of Headache

References

2 Primary Headache Disorders

Migraine

Case Scenario

Diagnostic Criteria for Migraine

Epidemiology of Migraine

Pathophysiology of Migraine

Pragmatic Approach for Treating Migraine

Migraine Considerations in Pregnancy

Tension-Type Headache

Case Scenario

Diagnostic Criteria for Tension-Type Headache

Epidemiology of Tension-Type Headache

Pathophysiology of Tension-Type Headache

Treatment of Tension-Type Headache

Common Medical Comorbidities That Can Worsen Tension-Type Headache

Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgias

Case Scenario

Types of Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgias

Hemicrania Continua

Diagnostic criteria for hemicrania continua

Epidemiology of hemicrania continua

Pathophysiology of hemicrania continua

Treatment of hemicrania continua

Paroxysmal Hemicrania

Diagnostic criteria for paroxysmal hemicrania

Epidemiology of paroxysmal hemicrania

Pathophysiology of paroxysmal hemicrania

Treatment of paroxysmal hemicrania

Patients who cannot take indomethacin

Cluster Headache

Diagnostic criteria for cluster headache

Epidemiology of cluster headache

Pathophysiology of cluster headache

Treatment of cluster headache

Short-Lasting Unilateral Neuralgiform Headache Attacks (SUNCT/SUNA)

Diagnostic criteria for SUNCT/SUNA

Epidemiology of SUNCT/SUNA

Pathophysiology of SUNCT/SUNA

Treatment of SUNCT/SUNA

Other Primary Headache Disorders

Case Scenario

Overview of the Other Primary Headache Disorders

Nummular headache

Headache attributed to sexual activity

Primary thunderclap headache

Summary

References

3 Approach to Secondary Headaches

Comprehensive Medical History

Onset

Description of Pain

Frequency

Duration

Inciting and Remitting Factors

Associated Symptoms

Red Flag Symptoms

Medication-Overuse Headache

Neurological Exam

Physical Exam

Head

Ophthalmologic

Papilledema

Abnormal eye movements

Pupil changes and irregularities

Visual field defects

Retinal exudates or hemorrhages

Ears

Nose

Neck

Pulmonary

Cardiovascular

Endocrine

Gastrointestinal

Skin

Diagnostic Workup

Imaging

Vessel Imaging

Chapter Summary

Case 1

Case 2

References

4 Allergy/Immunology Comorbidities in the Treatment of Headache

Introduction

The Role of Mast Cells and Histamine in Atopic Disease and Headache

Allergic and Nonallergic Rhinitis

Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps

Allergic Eye Diseases

Anaphylaxis and Food Allergy

Urticaria

Eosinophilic Disorders

Atopic Dermatitis

Mast Cell Disorders

Immunodeficiency

Conclusion

References

5 Headache and the Cardiovascular Patient

Headache Secondary to Common Cardiovascular Medications

Nitroglycerin and Nitrate Therapy

Other Cardiovascular Medications

Headache and Vascular Disorders

Migraine, Cardiovascular Risk and Patent Foramen Ovale

Right-to-left Shunt and PFO

PFO Closure as Treatment for Migraine

Headache and Hypertension

Hypertensive Headaches

Hypertension and Migraine

Headache and Stroke

Hemorrhagic Stroke

Non-hemorrhagic Stroke

Conclusions

References

6 Headache and Dermatologic Conditions

Introduction

Inflammatory Skin Diseases and Headache

Atopic Dermatitis

Rosacea

Psoriasis

Other Inflammatory Skin Conditions and Migraine

Neurocutaneous Syndromes

Parry–Romberg Syndrome

Sturge–Weber Syndrome

Neurofibromatoses

Tuberous Sclerosis Complex

PHACE Syndrome

Viral Infections

A Common Therapeutic in Neurology and Dermatology: Botulinum A Toxin

Summary

References

7 Endocrine Causes of Headache

Pituitary

Nonfunctional Pituitary Adenomas

When to suspect NFPA

Workup to consider

Functional Pituitary Adenomas

Acromegaly

When to suspect acromegaly

Workup to consider

Prolactinoma

When to suspect prolactinoma

Workup to consider

Pituitary Apoplexy

When to suspect pituitary apoplexy

Workup to consider

Hypophysitis

When to suspect hypophysitis

Workup to consider

Nonpituitary Sellar Masses

When to suspect nonpituitary sellar masses

Workup to consider

Systemic Conditions Affecting the Pituitary Gland

Thyroid

Hypothyroidism

Diagnostic criteria for headache attributed to hypothyroidism26

When to suspect hypothyroidism

Workup to consider

Hyperthyroidism

When to suspect hyperthyroidism

Workup to consider

Adrenal

Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma (PPGL)

When to suspect PPGL

Workup to consider

Gonadal

Menstrual Migraine

When to consider MM

Workup to consider

Polycystic ovarian syndrome

When to consider PCOS

Workup to consider

Dysglycemia

References

8 Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Comorbid Conditions in Migraine

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Neurotransmitters

Neuropeptides

Inflammatory Mediators and Microbiota

Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Management in Acute Migraine

Treatment of Key GI Symptoms during Acute Migraines

Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome

Abdominal Migraine

Acute Nausea and Chronic Functional Nausea In Migraine Headache

Chronic Gastrointestinal Comorbidities

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Peptic Ulcer Disease

Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Chronic Diarrhea, and Chronic Constipation

Gastroparesis

Celiac Disease

Conclusion

Summary

References

9 General Internal Medicine for the Headache Specialist

Primary Care Approach to Headache

Headache and Preventative Vaccines

A Note on Hypertension in Headache

Clinical Case 1: Headache Due to Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Common Comorbidities and Risk of Headache Progression

OSA

Background

Diagnosis

Treatment

Clinical Case 2

Metabolic Syndrome

Background

Diagnosis

Diabetes

Obesity

Clinical Case 3

Hypertension

Hyperlipidemia

Treatment

Diabetes

Obesity

Hypertension

Hyperlipidemia

Special Populations: Considerations for Prescribing Headache Treatments

Lisinopril, Candesartan (ACE Inhibitor/ARB)

Propranolol (Beta-Blockers)

Verapamil (Calcium Channel Blockers)

Topiramate

Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)

Valproic Acid

Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatories (NSAIDs)

Metoclopramide

Triptans

CGRP Antagonists/Inhibitors

Dihydroergotamine (DHE)

Lasmitidan

Summary

References

10 Hematologic/Oncologic Causes of Headache

Acute Leukemias

Anemia

Sickle Cell Disease

Myeloproliferative Neoplasms

Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

Hypercoagulable States

Brain Metastases

Chemotherapy-Induced Headache

Antiemetics

Hormonal Therapies

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Inhibitors

Bone Modifying Agents

Medication-Overuse Headache

Summary

References

11 Infectious Diseases for the Headache Practitioner

Screening

HIV

Syphilis

DoxyPEP

Gonorrhea and Chlamydia

Hepatitis Screening

Latent Tuberculosis

CNS Infections

Acute Bacterial Meningitis

Encephalitis

Focal CNS Infections

Subacute or Chronic Meningitis

TB Meningitis

Neurosyphilis

Fungal Meningitis

Coccidioides meningitis

Cryptococcal meningitis

Postprocedural fungal meningitis

Neurocysticercosis

Antimicrobial CNS Effects

Antimicrobial Interactions with Headache Medications

Further Resources

Summary

References

12 Nephrology Comorbidities in the Treatment of Headache

Clinical Case 1

Hypertension and Headache

Clinical Case 2

Headache Associated with Dialysis

Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease

Headache in Kidney Transplant Patients

Clinical Case 3

Medication Dosing

NSAIDs

Conclusion

References

13 Neurologic Comorbidities in Patients with Headache Disorders

Stroke and Migraine Management

Introduction

Pathophysiology

MRI changes

Therapy

CADASIL, arteriopathies and migraine

Special considerations for procedure planning in postsurgical patients

Neuroimmunology

Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis

Neurobiology of MS in migraines

Diagnostic challenges

Migraine treatment

Trigeminal neuralgia

Conclusions

Special Considerations for the Movement Disorders Patient

Tremor

Parkinsonism

Headache Disorders in Patients with Epilepsy

Antiseizure medications for chronic migraine prevention

Drug-Drug interactions

Special consideration in women of childbearing age and pregnancy

Trigeminal neuralgia and antiseizure medications

Special considerations in the epilepsy patient

Neurocritical Care

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

Vasculopathies, vascular malformations and headache

Intracranial pressure-related headache

Acute ischemic stroke

Postoperative pain

Neuro-oncology

Postradiation SMART syndrome

Other Neurologic Comorbidities

Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension

Restless leg syndrome

Myasthenia gravis

Conclusions

Key Takeaways

References

14 Headache and Pulmonary Disease

Mechanisms Underlying the Relationship between Headache and Pulmonary Diseases

Mechanisms of Cough-Related Headaches

Mechanisms of Hypoxia-Related Headaches

Mechanisms of Sleep Disorders and Headache

Mechanisms of Medication-Induced Headaches

Miscellaneous

Relationship between Specific Pulmonary Diseases and Headache

Asthma

COPD

Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Miscellaneous Disorders

Impact of Headache Management on Pulmonary Disorders

Clinical Examples

Conclusion

References

15 Psychiatric Comorbidities in the Treatment of Headache

Introduction

Mood Disorders

Evaluation

Medication Considerations

Antidepressant Medications and Sexual Function

Anxiety Disorders

Evaluation

Medication Considerations

Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Autism

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders

Evaluation

Medication Considerations

Personality Disorders

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

Evaluation

Medication Considerations

Psychotic Disorders

Evaluation

Medication Considerations

Clinical Case

Substance-Use Disorders

Conclusions

References

16 Comorbid Rheumatic Conditions in the Treatment of Headache

Overview

Inflammatory Arthritis

Clinical Case 1

Connective Tissue Diseases

Clinical Case 2

Vasculitis

Noninflammatory Pain Syndromes

Clinical Case 3: Fibromyalgia

Summary

References

17 Headache and Women’s Health

Introduction

Comorbid Conditions in Pregnancy and in the Postpartum Period

The Approach to Headache in Pregnancy

Considerations Prior to Pregnancy

Headache Differential Diagnosis

Primary headaches

Secondary headaches due to pregnancy

Secondary headaches associated with conditions exacerbated by pregnancy

The Approach to Headache Postpartum

Postpartum Postdural Puncture Headache

Migraine Treatment and Contraception

SUMMARY

REFERENCES

18 Perioperative Management of Migraine

Introduction

Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

Tricyclic Antidepressants

Triptans

Antiemetics

Ergots

Lasmiditan

Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Monoclonal Antibodies

Valproate

Gabapentin

Serotonin and Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors

Topiramate

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers

Beta-Blockers

Steroids

Scenarios

Conclusion

References

19 Special Considerations for Headache Diagnosis and Treatment in the Geriatric Patient

Introduction

Clinical Case 1

Primary Headache Disorders

Tension-Type Headache

Migraine

Distinguishing Migraine Auras from Ischemic Attacks in Older Patients

Hypnic Headache

Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgias (Cluster Headache)

Chronic Daily Headache

Secondary Headaches

Medication-Induced and -Overuse Headache

Vascular Events

Subdural Hematoma and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Cervicogenic Headache

Trigeminal Neuralgia

Postherpetic Neuralgia and Herpes Zoster

Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Cardiac Cephalalgia

Subacute Glaucoma

Giant Cell Arteritis

Hypertensive Headache

Considerations in Treatment of Headache Disorders in Older Adults

Clinical Case 2

Multimorbidity and polypharmacy

Clinical Case 3

Acute Treatments

Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs and Analgesics

Antiemetics

Caffeine

Serotonin 5-HT Receptor Agonists (Triptans)

Opioids and Barbiturates

Corticosteroids

Peripheral Nerve Blocks

Preventative Treatments

Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)

Topiramate

Beta-Blockers

Calcium Channel Blockers

Valproic Acid

Summary

REFERENCES

Index

 

An aparitie	3 ian 2025
Autor	Leon S Moskatel, Robert P Cowan
Dimensiuni	178 x 254 x 20 mm
Editura	CRC Press
Format	Paperback
ISBN	9781032876788
Limba	Engleza
Nr pag	326