Vascular Medicine: A Companion to Braunwald’s Heart Disease

 

Description:

 

With authoritative coverage of everything from recent discoveries in the field of vascular biology to recent clinical trials and evidence-based treatment strategies, Vascular Medicine, 3rd Edition, is your go-to resource for improving your patients’ cardiovascular health. Part of the Braunwald family of renowned cardiology references, this updated volume integrates a contemporary understanding of vascular biology with a thorough review of clinical vascular diseases, making it an ideal reference for vascular medicine specialists, general cardiologists, interventional cardiologists, vascular surgeons, and interventional radiologists.

Incorporates technologic advances in vascular imaging – including ultrasound, MRI, CTA, and catheter-based angiography – along with more than 230 new figures, providing an up-to-date and complete view of the vascular system and vascular diseases.

Covers novel antithrombotic therapies for peripheral artery disease and venous thromboemboism, advances in endovascular interventions for aortic aneurysms, and today’s best surgical treatments for vascular diseases.

Includes seven new chapters: Pathobiology of Aortic Aneurysms; Pathobiology and Assessment of Cardiovascular Fibrosis; Large Vessel Vasculitis; Medium and Small Vessel Vasculitis; Epidemiology and Prognosis of Venous Thromboembolic Disease; Fibromuscular Dysplasia; and Dermatologic Manifestations of Vascular Disease.

Discusses methods for aggressive patient management and disease prevention to ensure minimal risk of further cardiovascular problems.

Keeps you current with ACC/AHA and ECC guidelines and the best ways to implement them in clinical practice.

 

 

Table of Contents:

 

Part I: Biology of Blood Vessels

1: Vascular Embryology and Angiogenesis

Abstract

Tunica intima: endothelium

Tunica media: smooth muscle and extracellular matrix

Tunica adventitia

Summary

2: The Endothelium

Abstract

Homeostatic functions of the endothelium

Endothelial heterogeneity

Endothelial dysfunction and vascular disease

Functional assessment of the endothelium

Conclusions

3: Vascular Smooth Muscle

Abstract

Origins of vascular smooth muscle cells during embryonic development

Vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic modulation

Influence of cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions

Phenotype-specific vascular smooth muscle cell functions

Inflammation and inflammation-related processes

Senescence and aging

Conclusions

4: Normal Mechanisms of Vascular Hemostasis

Abstract

Endothelial function and platelet activation

The coagulation cascade leading to fibrin formation

Fibrinolysis

Summary

5: Vascular Pharmacology

Abstract

The pharmacological framework of drug action

Therapeutic intervention and the endothelium

Therapeutic intervention and the autonomic vascular innervation

Therapeutic intervention and the vascular media

Part II: Pathobiology of Blood Vessels

6: Pathobiology of Atherosclerosis

Abstract

Risk factors for atherosclerosis: traditional, emerging, and on the rise

The diversity of atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis: a systemic disease

7: Pathobiology of Aortic Aneurysms

Abstract

Degradation of the medial extracellular matrix

Smooth muscle dysregulation

Inflammation and oxidative stress

Biomechanical stress

Risk factors and genetics of aortic aneurysms

Epigenetics/micrornas in aortic aneurysms

Conclusion

8: Pathobiology of Thrombosis

Abstract

Overview of thrombosis

Platelets, thrombosis, and vascular disease

Inflammation and thrombosis

9: Pathobiology and Assessment of Cardiovascular Fibrosis

ABSTRACT

Overview of collagen

Collagen structure, properties, and relevance to human biology

Regulation of collagen synthesis

Regulation of collagen metabolism

Fibrosis in clinical cardiovascular disease

Myocardial fibrosis in specific cardiovascular conditions

Biomarkers of myocardial fibrosis

Targeting myocardial fibrosis

Vascular fibrosis in systemic hypertension

Vascular fibrosis in pulmonary arterial hypertension

Conclusions

10: Pathobiology of Vasculitis

Abstract

Large-vessel vasculitis

Small-vessel vasculitis

Medium-vessel vasculitis

Summary

Part III: Principles of Vascular Examination

11: The History and Physical Examination

Abstract

Vascular history

Vascular examination

12: Vascular Laboratory Testing

Abstract

Limb pressure measurement and pulse volume recordings

Transcutaneous oximetry

Physical principles of ultrasonography

Carotid duplex ultrasound

Abdominal aorta evaluation

Renal artery duplex ultrasonography

Peripheral arterial ultrasonography

Pseudoaneurysm

Arteriovenous fistulae

Venous duplex ultrasound

Plethysmographic evaluation of venous reflux

Vascular laboratory accreditation

13: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Abstract

Acknowledgment

Basic principles

Magnetic resonance angiography techniques

14: Computed Tomographic Angiography

Abstract

Fundamentals of computed tomography imaging

Radiation exposure and radiation dose reduction

Emerging technologies in computed tomography

Artifacts and pitfalls of computed tomographic angiography

Clinical applications of computed tomographic angiography in vascular disease

15: Catheter-Based Peripheral Angiography

Abstract

Imaging equipment

Radiographic contrast

Imaging technique

Obtaining vascular access

Complications of peripheral vascular angiography

Part IV: Peripheral Artery Disease

16: The Epidemiology of Peripheral Artery Disease

Abstract

Symptoms and measures of peripheral artery disease in epidemiology

Incidence and prevalence of peripheral artery disease

Peripheral artery disease risk factors

Interaction and risk factor comparisons

Progression of peripheral artery disease

Co-prevalence of peripheral artery disease and other atherosclerotic disease

Peripheral artery disease as a predictor of mortality and morbidity

17: Pathophysiology of Peripheral Artery Disease

Abstract

Clinical expressions of peripheral artery disease

Hemodynamics in peripheral artery disease

Contributors to limb symptoms in peripheral artery disease: beyond arterial stenosis

Altered skeletal muscle structure and function in peripheral artery disease

Summary

18: Peripheral Artery Disease: Clinical Evaluation

Abstract

Patient history

Critical limb ischemia

Physical examination

Diagnostic testing

Summary

19: Medical Treatment of Peripheral Artery Disease

Abstract

Interventions to reduce cardiovascular risk and adverse limb events

Interventions to improve symptoms and function

Summary and conclusion

20: Endovascular Treatment of Peripheral Artery Disease

Abstract

Patient and lesion selection criteria

Technical and procedural considerations

Clinical outcomes

Conclusions

21: Reconstructive Surgery for Peripheral Artery Disease

Abstract

Aortoiliac occlusive disease

Infrainguinal Arterial Occlusive Disease

Part V: Renal Artery Disease

22: Pathophysiology of Renal Artery Disease

Abstract

Epidemiology of renal artery disease

Pathophysiologic consequences of renovascular disease

Renal artery disease and mortality

23: Clinical Evaluation of Renal Artery Disease

Abstract

Consequences of renal artery stenosis

Physical examination

Diagnosis of renovascular disease

24: Treatment of Renal Artery Disease

Abstract

Critical functions of the kidney

Medical therapy for renal artery disease

Fibromuscular dysplasia

Atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis

Treatment of unusual causes of renal artery stenosis

Treatment of renal artery aneurysms

Surgical management of atherosclerotic renal artery disease

Part VI: Mesenteric Vascular Disease

25: Epidemiology and Pathophysiology of Mesenteric Vascular Disease

Abstract

Acute arterial occlusive mesenteric ischemia

Mesenteric artery dissection

Nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia

Mesenteric venous thrombosis

Chronic mesenteric ischemia

26: Clinical Evaluation and Treatment of Mesenteric Vascular Disease

Abstract

Chronic mesenteric ischemia

Acute occlusive mesenteric ischemia

Acute nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia

Mesenteric venous thrombosis

Part VII: Vasculogenic Erectile Dysfunction

27: Vasculogenic Erectile Dysfunction

Abstract

Definition and classifications

Epidemiology

Public health and clinical implications

Functional anatomy

Pathophysiology of erectile dysfunction

Evaluation of erectile dysfunction

Treatment

Longitudnal psychological outcomes

Guidelines

Part VIII: Cerebrovascular Ischemia

28: Epidemiology of Cerebrovascular Disease

Abstract

Overview

Stroke risk factors: demographic factors

Stroke risk factors: lifestyle

Medically treatable risk factors

Other risk factors

Awareness of Stroke Warning Signs and Acute Treatment

The future

29: Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis of Cerebrovascular Disease

Abstract

Overview of clinical stroke

Clinical manifestations of stroke and cerebrovascular disease

Clinical assessment tools

Conclusions

30: Prevention and Treatment of Stroke

Abstract

Prehospital and emergency department management of ischemic stroke

Acute stroke therapy

Secondary prevention of ischemic stroke

Primary prevention of ischemic stroke

31: Carotid Artery Revascularization

Abstract

Indications for Carotid Revascularization

Preoperative Management

Carotid Endarterectomy

Carotid Artery Stenting

Postoperative Management

Outcomes for Carotid Endarterectomy and Carotid Artery Stenting

Transcervical Carotid Stenting with Flow Reversal

Management of Postcarotid Endarterectomy Stenosis

Part IX: Aortic Dissection

32: Pathophysiology, Clinical Evaluation, and Medical Management of Aortic Dissection

Abstract

Epidemiology

Classification

Pathogenesis

Predisposing Genetic Factors

Acquired Disorders

Clinical Presentation

Laboratory Testing

Diagnostic Imaging

Differential Diagnosis

Initial Medical Treatment (Fig. 32.9)

Indications For Intervention (Box 32.5)

Prognosis

Long-Term Surveillance

33: Surgical Therapy for Aortic Dissection

Abstract

Type a Aortic Dissection

Acute Type B Aortic Dissection

Chronic Type B Aortic Dissection

Future Therapies

34: Endovascular Therapy for Aortic Dissection

Abstract

Branch Vessel Interventions

Aortic Interventions

Part X: Aortic Aneurysm

35: Epidemiology and Prognosis of Aortic Aneurysms

Abstract

The Normal Aorta

Definition Of Aortic Aneurysm

Epidemiology And Prognosis Of Aortic Aneurysms

Inherited and Developmental Disorders

Other Conditions Associated with Aortic Aneurysm

36: Clinical Evaluation of Aortic Aneurysms

Abstract

Clinical history

Physical examination

Screening of aortic aneurysms

Surveillance of aortic aneurysms

Diagnostic testing

37: Surgical Treatment of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms

Abstract

Definition

Decision-Making for elective abdominal aortic aneurysm repair

Rupture risk

Expansion rate

Elective operative risk

Life expectancy

Surgical decision-Making

Preoperative assessment

Surgical treatment

Complications of abdominal aortic aneurysm repair

Functional outcome

Long-Term survival

38: Endovascular Therapy for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

Abstract

Indications

Anatomic requirements

Endograft design

Graft placement and postoperative management

Problems with endografting and management

Outcomes

Other considerations

Summary

Part XI: Vasculitis

39: Overview of Vasculitis

Abstract

Classification of vasculitis

Large-vessel vasculitis

Medium-vessel vasculitis

Small-vessel vasculitis

VARIABLE-VESSEL VASCULITIS

Evaluation and diagnosis of possible vasculitis

Treatment of vasculitis

40: Large Vessel Vasculitis

Abstract

Acknowledgment

Takayasu arteritis

Giant cell arteritis

Isolated idiopathic aortitis

41: Medium and Small Vessel Vasculitis

Abstract

Medium vessel vasculitis

Small vessel vasculitis

Pauci-immune small vessel vasculitis

Immune complex mediated small vessel vasculitis

42: Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger Disease)

Abstract

Epidemiology

Etiology and pathogenesis

Pathology

Clinical presentation

Differential diagnosis

Diagnosis

Prognosis

Management

Future perspectives

43: Kawasaki Disease

Abstract

Epidemiology

Etiology and pathogenesis

Pathology

Clinical presentation

Cardiac manifestations

Cardiac testing

Clinical course

Treatment

Coronary revascularization for late stenosis

Preventive cardiology

Summary

Part XII: Acute Limb Ischemia

44: Acute Arterial Occlusion

Abstract

Epidemiology of acute limb ischemia

Etiology of acute limb ischemia

Pathophysiology of acute limb ischemia

Diagnosis of acute limb ischemia

Treatment of acute limb ischemia

45: Atheroembolism

Abstract

Pathobiology

Etiology

Atheroembolic syndromes

General treatment measures for atheroembolic disease prevention

Conclusions

Part XIII: Vasospasm and Other Related Vascular Diseases

46: Raynaud Phenomenon

Abstract

Overview of primary raynaud phenomenon

Pathophysiology

Secondary Causes of Raynaud Phenomenon

Diagnostic tests

Treatment

47: Acrocyanosis

Abstract

Epidemiology

Etiology

Pathophysiology

Clinical presentation

Diagnosis

Histopathology

Differential diagnosis

Treatment

Prognosis

48: Erythromelalgia

Abstract

Definition and historical perspective

Nomenclature

Criteria for diagnosis

Clinical controversies

Clinical presentation

Diagnosis

Classification

Incidence

Pathophysiology

Differential diagnosis

Investigations

Natural History and Prognosis

Management

49: Pernio (Chilblains)

Abstract

Epidemiology

Pathophysiology

Histopathology

Clinical features

Diagnosis

Treatment

Part XIV: Venous Thromboembolic Disease

50: Epidemiology of Venous Thromboembolic Disease

Abstract

Incidence and clinical relevance of venous thromboembolism

Secular trends in incidence of venous thromboembolism

Risk factors for venous thromboembolism

Classification of venous thromboembolism

Incidental venous thromboembolism

Conclusion

51: Clinical Evaluation of Venous Thromboembolism

Abstract

Clinical Presentation

Diagnosis

Diagnosis in Pregnancy

Risk Stratification

Adjunctive Clinical Evaluation for Etiology of Venous Thromboembolism

52: Management of Venous Thromboembolism

Abstract

Pathophysiology and Risk Factors for Venous Thromboembolism

Anticoagulation

Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism and Optimal Duration of Anticoagulation

Advanced Management of Venous Thromboembolism: When Anticoagulation Alone May Not or Will Not Suffice

Strategies for Managing Acute Venous Thromboembolism

The Multitude of Challenges in Managing Venous Thrombosis

A Look Into the Future

Part XV: Chronic Venous Disorders

53: Varicose Veins

Abstract

Epidemiology

Anatomy

Pathogenesis

Clinical manifestations

Physical examination

Imaging and physiological testing

Management

Management of incompetent perforator veins

Management of telangiectasia/reticular veins

Follow-up and prognosis

54: Chronic Venous Insufficiency

Abstract

Anatomy

Etiology

Pathophysiology

Diagnosis

Treatment

Conclusions

Part XVI: Pulmonary Hypertension

55: Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Abstract

Definition and classification of pulmonary arterial hypertension

Epidemiology

Cellular pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension

Molecular pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension

Clinical pathophysiology

Treatment

Conclusions

56: Pulmonary Hypertension in Patients With Nonpulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Abstract

Overview of pulmonary hypertension

Pulmonary venous hypertension

Pulmonary hypertension under conditions of hypoxemia

Pulmonary hypertension secondary to pulmonary thromboembolic disease

Pulmonary hypertension and hemoglobinopathies

Other secondary causes of pulmonary hypertension

Part XVII: Lymphatic Disorders

57: Diseases of the Lymphatic Circulation

Abstract

Anatomy of the lymphatic circulation

Physiology of the lymphatic circulation

Lymphatic insufficiency (Lymphedema)

Diseases of the lymphatic vasculature

Part XVIII: Miscellaneous

58: Fibromuscular Dysplasia

Abstract

Historical perspective

Classification

Epidemiology

Genetics and etiology

Clinical presentation and vascular manifestations

Diagnostic evaluation of fibromuscular dysplasia

Imaging studies for diagnosis of fibromuscular dysplasia

Management of fibromuscular dysplasia

Endovascular therapy for fibromuscular dysplasia

Surgery for fibromuscular dysplasia

Follow-up and prognosis

59: Vascular Infections

Abstract

Primary arterial infections

Secondary arterial infections

Diagnostic Tests to Aid the Diagnosis of Arterial Infections

Management of Primary and Secondary Arterial Infections

Suppurative thrombophlebitis

Septic cavernous sinus thrombosis

Conclusions

60: Dermatological Manifestations of Vascular Disease

Abstract

Peripheral artery disease

Vasomotor diseases

Acrocyanosis

Erythromelalgia

Pernio/chilblains disease

Livedo reticularis

Hybrid vasomotor disease

Chronic venous insufficiency

Lymphedema

61: Lower Extremity Ulceration

Abstract

Biomechanics of walking and ulcer formation

Pathophysiology of ulcer formation

Assessment of the patient with a lower extremity ulcer

Management of ulcers

Summary

62: Vascular Trauma

Abstract

Initial evaluation

Types of vessel injury

Mechanism: Penetrating vs. Blunt trauma

Signs of vascular injury

Neck vascular trauma

Specific NECK VASCULAR injuries

Thoracic vascular trauma

Specific THORACIC VASCULAR injuries

Abdominal vascular trauma

Specific ABDOMINAL VASCULAR injuries

Extremity vascular trauma

Specific EXTREMITY VASCULAR injuries

Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

Compartment Syndrome

Iatrogenic Vascular Injury

Pediatric Vascular Trauma

63: Vascular Compression Syndromes

Abstract

Thoracic outlet syndrome

Axillary artery compression syndrome

Median arcuate ligament syndrome

Nutcracker syndrome

May-thurner syndrome

Popliteal entrapment syndrome

Cystic adventitial disease

64: Peripheral Vascular Anomalies, Malformations, and Vascular Tumors

Abstract

Proliferative vascular anomalies and tumors

Vascular malformations

Syndromic vascular anomalies

Treatment of vascular malformations (also see Table 64.3)

Prenatal diagnosis of vascular anomalies

Clinical issues (see also Table 64.4)

Index

 

An aparitie	6 Aug. 2019
Autor	Mark Creager M.D. F.A.H.A F.A.C.C., Joshua A. Beckman MD , Joseph Loscalzo MD PhD
Dimensiuni	21.59 x 3.18 x 27.94 cm
Editura	Elsevier
Format	Hardcover
ISBN	9780323636001
Limba	Engleza
Nr pag	960