Joint Range of Motion and Muscle Length Testing

Description:

Guidelines to range of motion and muscle length testing cover techniques including goniometric measurement as well as measurements using inclinometers, tape measures, and smartphone apps.

More than 600 full-color photos and drawings demonstrate various techniques, anatomy, and landmarks for each joint.

Anatomical landmarks provide a fast visual reference showing exactly where to place measuring devices.

Clear template for techniques allows you to quickly and easily identify the information you need.

Chapters on length testing make it easy to locate information on measuring each of the upper and lower extremities as well as the head, neck, and trunk.

Table Of Contents:

Videos

Section I: Introduction

1: Measurement of Range of Motion and Muscle Length: Background, History, and Basic Principles

Joint Range of Motion vs Muscle Length

Kinematics

History of Instruments Used to Measure Range of Motion and Muscle Length

Measurement Methods of Muscle Length

Procedures for Measurement

Techniques for Measuring Range of Motion and Muscle Length

References

2: Measurement of Range of Motion and Muscle Length: Clinical Relevance

Normative Data for Range of Motion and Muscle Length

Factors Affecting Range of Motion

Factors Affecting Muscle Length

Reliability and Validity

References

Section II: Upper Extremity

3: Measurement of Range of Motion of the Shoulder

Glenohumeral Joint

Sternoclavicular Joint

Acromioclavicular Joint

Scapulothoracic Articulation

Shoulder Complex

Range of Motion and Functional Activity

References

4: Measurement of Range of Motion of the Elbow and Forearm

Elbow Joint

Forearm Joints

Range of Motion and Functional Activity

Techniques of Measurement

References

5: Measurement of Range of Motion of the Wrist and Hand

Wrist Joint

First Carpometacarpal (CMC) Joint

Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) and Interphalangeal (IP) Joints

Techniques of Measurement

References

6: Muscle Length Testing of the Upper Extremity

Apley’s Scratch Test

Shoulder and Wrist Elevation Test

Techniques for Testing Muscle

Latissimus Dorsi Muscle Length

Pectoralis Major Muscle Length: General (Video 6.3)

Pectoralis Major Muscle Length: Sternal (Lower) Portion

Pectoralis Major Muscle Length: Clavicular (Upper) Portion

Pectoralis Minor Muscle Length (Video 6.8)

Triceps Muscle Length (Video 6.9)

Biceps Muscle Length (Video 6.10)

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) Muscle Length: Inclinometer

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) Muscle Length: Smartphone Method

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis, Flexor Digitorum Profundus, and Flexor Digiti Minimi Muscle Length (Video 6.11)

Extensor Digitorum, Extensor Indicis, and Extensor Digiti Minimi Muscle Length (Video 6.12)

Lumbricals: Palmer and Dorsal Interossei Muscle Length (Video 6.13)

References

7: Reliability and Validity of Measurements of Range of Motion and Muscle Length Testing of the Upper Extremity

Reliability and Validity of Upper Extremity Goniometry and Inclinometry

Reliability of Muscle Length Testing

References

Section III: Head, Neck, and Trunk

8: Measurement of Range of Motion of the Thoracic and Lumbar Spine

Anatomy and Osteokinematics

Limitations of Motion

Functional Range of Motion

Techniques of Measurement

Flexion—Lumbar Spine: Tape Measure Method (Video 8.1)

Flexion—Thoracolumbar Spine: Tape Measure Method (Video 8.2)

Flexion—Lumbar Spine: Fingertip-to-Floor

Flexion—Lumbar Spine: Goniometer Technique (Video 8.3)

Flexion—Lumbar Spine: Inclinometer Method (Video 8.4)

Flexion—Lumbar Spine: BROM Device (Video 8.5)

Flexion—Lumbar Spine: Smartphone Method

Flexion—Thoracic and Lumbar Spine: Flexicurve Technique

Extension—Lumbar Spine: Tape Measure Method (Video 8.7)

Extension—Lumbar Spine: Tape Measure Method—Prone (Video 8.6)

Extension—Lumbar Spine: Goniometer Technique (Video 8.8)

Extension—Lumbar Spine: Inclinometer Method (Video 8.9)

Extension—Lumbar Spine: BROM Device (Video 8.10)

Extension—Lumbar Spine: Smartphone Method

Extension—Thoracic and Lumbar Spine: Flexicurve Technique

Lateral Flexion—Thoracolumbar Spine: Tape Measure Method (Video 8.11)

Lateral Flexion—Lumbar Spine: Goniometer Technique (Video 8.13)

Lateral Flexion—Lumbar Spine: Inclinometer Method (Video 8.14)

Lateral Flexion—Lumbar Spine: BROM Device

Lateral Flexion—Lumbar Spine: Smartphone Method

Rotation—Thoracolumbar Spine: Tape Measure Method (Video 8.15)

Rotation—Thoracic Spine: Goniometer Method

Rotation—Thoracolumbar Spine: Inclinometer Method

Rotation—Thoracic Spine: Inclinometer Method (Video 8.16)

Rotation—Lumbar Spine: BROM (Video 8.17)

References

9: Measurement of Range of Motion of the Cervical Spine and Temporomandibular Joint

Cervical Spine

Temporomandibular Joint

References

10: Reliability and Validity of Measurement of Range of Motion of the Spine and Temporomandibular Joint

Thoracic and Lumbar Spine

Cervical Spine

Temporomandibular Joint

References

Section IV: Lower Extremity

11: Measurement of Range of Motion of the Hip

Anatomy

Osteokinematics

Arthrokinematics

Limitations of Motion: Hip Joint

End-Feel

Capsular Pattern

Range of Motion and Functional Activity

Techniques of Measurement: Hip Flexion/Extension

Techniques of Measurement: Hip Abduction/Adduction

Techniques of Measurement: Hip Medial-Lateral Rotation

Hip Flexion (Video 11.1)

Hip Extension (Video 11.2)

Hip Abduction (Video 11.3)

Hip Adduction (Video 11.4)

Hip Lateral Rotation With Hip Flexed—Goniometer (Video 11.5)

Hip Medial Rotation With Hip Flexed—Goniometer (Video 11.6)

Hip Lateral Rotation With Hip Flexed—Inclinometer (Video 11.7)

Hip Medial Rotation With Hip Flexed—Inclinometer (Video 11.8)

Hip Lateral Rotation With Hip Flexed—Smartphone Method

Hip Medial Rotation With Hip Flexed—Smartphone Method

Hip Lateral Rotation With Hip Extended—Goniometer (Video 11.9)

Hip Medial Rotation With Hip Extended—Goniometer (Video 11.10)

Hip Lateral Rotation With Hip Extended—Inclinometer (Video 11.11)

Hip Medial Rotation With Hip Extended—Inclinometer (Video 11.12)

Hip Lateral Rotation With Hip Extended— Smartphone Method

Hip Medial Rotation With Hip Flexed—Smartphone Method

References

12: Measurement of Range of Motion of the Knee

Anatomy

Osteokinematics

Arthrokinematics

Limitations of Motion: Knee Joint

End-Feel

Capsular Pattern

RANGE OF MOTION and Functional Activity

Techniques of Measurement: Knee Flexion/Extension

Knee Flexion (Video 12.1)

Knee Extension (Video 12.2)

References

13: Measurement of Range of Motion of the Ankle and Foot

Ankle, Subtalar, and Transverse Tarsal Joints

Metatarsophalangeal and Interphalangeal Joints

RANGE OF MOTION and Functional Activity

Techniques of Measurement

References

14: Muscle Length Testing of the Lower Extremity

Tests for Muscle Length: Iliopsoas

Tests for Muscle Length: Rectus Femoris

Tests for Muscle Length: Hamstrings

Tests for Muscle Length: Iliotibial Band and Tensor Fasciae Latae

Tests for Muscle Length: Gastrocnemius and Soleus

Iliopsoas Muscle Length: Thomas Test (Video 14.1)

Iliopsoas Muscle Length: Prone Hip Extension Test (Video 14.2)

Rectus Femoris Muscle Length: Thomas Test (Video 14.3)

Rectus Femoris Muscle Length: Prone Technique (Ely Test) (Video 14.4)

Hamstring Muscle Length: Straight Leg Raise Test (Video 14.5)

Hamstring Muscle Length: Knee Extension Test (Video 14.6)

Iliotibial Band and Tensor Fasciae Latae Muscle Length: Ober Test and Modified Ober Test

Iliotibial Band and Tensor Fasciae Latae Muscle Length: Ober Test and Modified Ober Test—Inclinometer

Iliotibial Band (ITB) and Tensor Fasciae Latae (TFL) Muscle Length: Ober Test and Modified Ober Test—Smartphone

Iliotibial Band and Tensor Fasciae Latae Muscle Length: Prone Technique (Video 14.9)

Gastrocnemius Muscle Length Test (Video 14.10)

Soleus Muscle Length Test: Supine (Video 14.11)

Soleus Muscle Length Test: Prone (Video 14.12)

Soleus (Gastrocnemius) Muscle Length: Standing Lunge Test—Tape Measure

Soleus (Gastrocnemius) Muscle Length: Standing Lunge Test—Inclinometer

Soleus (Gastrocnemius) Muscle Length: Standing Lunge Test—Smartphone

References

15: Reliability and Validity of Measurements of Range of Motion and Muscle Length Testing of the Lower Extremity

Reliability and Validity of Lower Extremity Goniometry

References

16: Pediatric Range of Motion

Upper Extremity ROM

Techniques of Measurement: Upper Extremity

Shoulder Flexion

Shoulder Lateral Rotation

Elbow Extension

Wrist Flexion

Lower Extremity ROM

Hip Flexion

Hip Extension

Hip Abduction

Hip Lateral Rotation

Hip Medial Rotation

Knee Extension

Ankle Pronation: Dorsiflexion Component

Ankle/Foot Supination: Inversion Component

Ankle/Foot Pronation: Eversion Component

Cervical ROM

Passive Rotation—Cervical Spine: Arthrodial Protractor Technique

Passive Lateral Flexion—Cervical Spine: Arthrodial Protractor Technique

Active Rotation—Cervical Spine: Supine Position (Infants 0–3 months)

Active Rotation—Cervical Spine: Rotating Stool Test (Infants ≥3 months)

Active Lateral Flexion—Cervical Spine: Muscle Function Scale (Infants ≥2 months)

Special Tests: Muscle Length—Passive Knee Extension Test

Thigh-Foot Angle

Transmalleolar Axis

Special Test: Standing Alignment During Development

References

Appendix A: Sample Data Recording Forms

Appendix B: Normative Range of Motion of the Extremities and Spine in Adults

References

Index