Echocardiography

Description:

This book sets echocardiography within a routine clinical context. It aims to synthesise guidelines into a pragmatic clinical approach to real patients providing a step-by-step guide to performing, reporting, and interpreting a study. We wrote it imagining we were the calm voice of a senior echocardiographer teaching a junior colleague. This edition has been extensively revised with an expansion of sections on acute, intensive care, and emergency medicine. COVID-19 has necessitated limiting exposure of both patient and operator to infection and caused a huge increase in waiting lists. This has sharpened the debate over matching the level of scan to the clinical question and also highlights the importance of collaboration between clinicians and echocardiographers. Key Features Expanded first chapter on levels of echocardiography New sections on COVID-19, cardio-oncology, multivalve disease, and specialist valve clinics Incorporation of new international guidelines, grading criteria and normal data Guide to how cardiac CT and magnetic resonance can complement echocardiography Reformatted text and extra diagrams and tables to improve understanding

Table of Contents:

1 Defining the Study

Deciding the Level of Echocardiogram Required

The Basic Scan

The Focused Study

The Minimum Standard Study

The Comprehensive Study

Organisation of a Report

Escalation for Urgent Clinical Advice

Understanding the Report for Non-Echocardiographers

2 Left Ventricular Dimensions and Function

LV Linear Cavity Dimensions

LV Wall Thickness

LV Volumes

LV Systolic Function

LV Diastolic Function

LVEF >50%: Diastolic Heart Failure (HFpEF)?

3 Acute Coronary Syndrome

4 The Right Ventricle

5 Pulmonary Pressure and Pulmonary Hypertension

Estimating PA Systolic Pressure

Assessing the Probability of Pulmonary Hypertension

6 The Atria and Atrial Septum

Left Atrium

Right Atrium

Atrial Septum

7 Cardiomyopathies

The Dilated LV

The Hypertrophied LV

Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

Non-Compaction

Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricle Cardiomyopathy/Dysplasia (ARVC/ARVD)

Cardio-Oncology: Evaluation of Patients on Chemotherapy

8 Aortic Valve Disease

Aortic Stenosis

Aortic Regurgitation

Acute Aortic Regurgitation

9 Mitral Valve Disease

Mitral Stenosis

Mitral Regurgitation

Specialist Pre- and Post-Operative Assessment

10 Right-Sided Valve Disease

Tricuspid Regurgitation

Tricuspid Stenosis

Pulmonary Stenosis and Regurgitation

11 Mixed Valve Disease

Mixed Moderate Aortic Valve Disease

Mixed Moderate Mitral Valve Disease

Mixed Mitral and Aortic Valve Disease

12 Prosthetic Heart Valves

Core Information

Is there Dysfunction of the Prosthetic Valve?

13 Endocarditis

14 The Heart Valve Clinic

15 The Aorta and Dissection

The Aorta

Dissection and Acute Aortic Syndromes

16 Adult Congenital Heart Disease

Simple Defects

Sequential Segmental Approach to Assessment of Congenital Heart Disease

Post-Procedure Studies

17 Pericardial Disease

Pericardial Effusion

Pericardial Constriction

Acute Pericarditis

18 Masses

Mass Attached to a Valve

Left or Right Atrial Mass

Left or Right Ventricular Mass

Pericardial Mass

Extrinsic Mass

Mass in the Great Vessels

19 Echocardiography in Acute and Critical Care Medicine

The Critically Ill Patient

The Acutely Ill Patient

Further Indications for Echocardiography on Critical Care Units

Echocardiography in COVID-19

20 General Clinical Requests

Appendices

Index