Ioachim’s Lymph Node Pathology

 

Description:

Fully revised and up- to- date, Ioachim's Lymph Node Pathology, 5th Edition, offers valuable guidance in the diagnostic interpretation of lymph node biopsies. Continuing the tradition of excellence established by Dr. Harry L. Ioachim, Dr. L. Jeffrey Medeiros of The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center offers a comprehensive, clinically useful approach to all the various nonmalignant lesions, lymphomas, other neoplasms, and metastatic tumors in lymph nodes. Discussion of each pathologic entity includes definition, clinical syndrome, histopathology, immunopathology, molecular genetic findings, and differential diagnosis. In addition, chapters have a useful checklist for each entity.  

 

 

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Table of Contents:

 

Part One ▪ Normal Lymph Node

Chapter 1: Normal Lymph Node

FUNCTIONS

CELL POPULATIONS

STRUCTURES

Cortical area

Paracortical area

Medullary area

LYMPHATIC SINUSES

BLOOD VESSELS

SUPPORTING FRAMEWORK OR STROMA

Part Two ▪ Diagnostic Methods

Chapter 2: The Lymph Node Biopsy

ENLARGED LYMPH NODES

NONDIAGNOSTIC LYMPHADENOPATHIES

CAUSES OF MISDIAGNOSIS

FROZEN SECTION DIAGNOSIS

Frozen section diagnosis of infectious tissues

SENTINEL LYMPH NODE MAPPING AND BIOPSY

LYMPH NODE TRIAGE AND WORKUP

Allotment of tissue

Routine fixation and staining

Special stains

TOUCH IMPRINTS

REPORTING RESULTS AND THE EVOLVING ROLE OF THE PATHOLOGIST

Chapter 3: Cytopathology

FINE NEEDLE ASPIRATION

Indications

Morphologic caveats

Reliability

Limitations

NEEDLE CORE BIOPSY

Indications

Morphologic caveats

FINE NEEDLE ASPIRATION VERSUS NEEDLE CORE BIOPSY

IMMUNOPHENOTYPIC ANALYSIS

Flow cytometry

Immunocytochemistry

MOLECULAR DIAGNOSIS

TOUCH IMPRINTS/SCRAPE PREPARATIONS

Role in diagnosis

Technique

Potential role in diagnosis

Chapter 4: Electron Microscopy

NON-HODGKIN LYMPHOMAS

HODGKIN LYMPHOMAS

HISTIOCYTIC AND ACCESSORY CELL NEOPLASMS

Chapter 5: Flow Cytometry

FLOW CYTOMETRY METHODS

HOW MANY FLUOROCHROMES (COLORS)?

ANTIBODIES

HOW MANY ANTIBODIES?

USING A SCOUT TUBE

GATING

ANTIGEN DENSITY

ANALYSIS OF FLOW CYTOMETRY RESULTS

More than just numbers

Not just positive or negative

Patterns of antigen expression are important

Immunophenotypic stability

Nonspecific staining

INDICATIONS FOR FLOW CYTOMETRY IMMUNOPHENOTYPING

DNA PLOIDY AND CELL CYCLE

B-CELL NON-HODGKIN LYMPHOMAS

Monotypic versus polytypic

False-negative results

Aberrant immunophenotypes

Monotypic B-cell populations in benign diseases

HODGKIN LYMPHOMA

T-CELL NON-HODGKIN LYMPHOMAS

NATURAL KILLER CELL NEOPLASMS

HISTIOCYTIC AND DENDRITIC CELL NEOPLASMS

ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA

NONHEMATOPOIETIC NEOPLASMS

Chapter 6: Immunohistochemistry

ADVANTAGES OF IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY

HEMATOLOGIC NEOPLASMS IN LYMPH NODES

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL METHODS

FROZEN TISSUE SECTIONS

ROUTINELY PROCESSED TISSUE SECTIONS

ANTIBODY PANELS AND CONTROLS

IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION

B-CELL NON-HODGKIN LYMPHOMAS

Immunoglobulin light chain analysis

B-cell immunophenotypes

HODGKIN LYMPHOMAS

T-CELL NON-HODGKIN LYMPHOMAS

NATURAL KILLER CELL NEOPLASMS

HISTIOCYTIC AND DENDRITIC CELL NEOPLASMS

MYELOID SARCOMA

METASTATIC SOLID TUMORS IN LYMPH NODES

Chapter 7: Molecular Assessment of Clonality

ANTIGEN RECEPTOR GENES

Generation of diversity

Somatic recombination

Complementarity-determining regions

In-frame alignment of gene segments

Genetic hierarchy

Allelic exclusion

Multiple constant regions and class switching

Anatomy of antigen receptor genes

Immunoglobulin heavy chain gene

Immunoglobulin κ light chain gene

Immunoglobulin λ light chain gene

T-cell receptor β chain gene

T-cell receptor γ chain gene

T-cell receptor α chain gene

T-cell receptor δ chain gene

METHODS USED TO DETECT CLONALITY

Southern blot analysis

Polymerase chain reaction–based methods

Application to antigen receptor gene rearrangements

Sensitivity of polymerase chain reaction–based assays for antigen receptor gene rearrangements

False-positive and false-negative results

Lineage infidelity

Polymerase chain reaction–based assays versus Southern blotting

Next-generation sequencing methods to assess clonality

Chapter 8: Molecular Assessment of Genetic Abnormalities

CONVENTIONAL CYTOGENETIC ANALYSIS

FLUORESCENCE IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION

Colorimetric in situ hybridization

POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION

Reverse transcriptase and semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction

Digital droplet polymerase chain reaction

HIGH-THROUGHPUT TECHNIQUES USED IN MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS

Comparative genomic hybridization

Single-nucleotide polymorphism arrays

MicroRNA analysis

Mutational analysis

Liquid biopsy

Gene expression profiling

Proteomics

MOLECULAR ABNORMALITIES IN LYMPHOID NEOPLASMS

Chromosomal translocations

Copy number alterations

Gene mutations

Part Three ▪ Lymphadenitides

Section I ▪ Viral Lymphadenitides

Chapter 9: Infectious Mononucleosis Lymphadenitis

DEFINITION

ETIOLOGY

EPIDEMIOLOGY

PATHOGENESIS

CLINICAL SYNDROME

HISTOPATHOLOGY

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY

MOLECULAR FINDINGS

LABORATORY TESTS

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Chapter 10: Cytomegalovirus Lymphadenitis

DEFINITION

EPIDEMIOLOGY

ETIOLOGY

PATHOGENESIS

CLINICAL SYNDROME

TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS

HISTOPATHOLOGY

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY AND IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Chapter 11: Herpes Simplex Virus Lymphadenitis

DEFINITION

EPIDEMIOLOGY

ETIOLOGY

PATHOGENESIS

CLINICAL SYNDROME

TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS

HISTOPATHOLOGY

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY

METHODS OF VIRUS DETECTION

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Chapter 12: Varicella-Zoster Viral Lymphadenitis

DEFINITION

ETIOLOGY

PATHOGENESIS

EPIDEMIOLOGY

CLINICAL SYNDROME

TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS

HISTOPATHOLOGY

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR FEATURES

LABORATORY TESTS

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Chapter 13: Vaccinial Lymphadenitis

DEFINITION

ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS

CLINICAL FEATURES

TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS

HISTOLOGIC FINDINGS

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Chapter 14: Measles Lymphadenitis

DEFINITION

ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS

EPIDEMIOLOGY

CLINICAL FEATURES

TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS

HISTOPATHOLOGIC FINDINGS

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Chapter 15: Human Immunodeficiency Virus Lymphadenitis

DEFINITION

EPIDEMIOLOGY

ETIOLOGY

PATHOGENESIS

CLINICAL FEATURES

Opportunistic infections

Lymphomas and other HIV-associated nodal diseases

HISTOPATHOLOGY

Pattern A

Pattern B

Pattern C

CYTOPATHOLOGY

ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY

LABORATORY TESTS FOR DIAGNOSIS

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Pattern A (Acute)

Pattern B (Chronic)

Pattern C (Burned-out)

Section II ▪ Bacterial Lymphadenitides

Chapter 16: Ordinary Bacterial Lymphadenitis

DEFINITION

INTRODUCTION

CLINICAL AND LABORATORY FINDINGS

TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS

HISTOPATHOLOGIC FINDINGS

CYTOLOGIC FINDINGS

ADJUVANT DIAGNOSTIC METHODS

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Chapter 17: Cat-Scratch Lymphadenitis

DEFINITION

EPIDEMIOLOGY

ETIOLOGY

CLINICAL FEATURES

THERAPY AND PROGNOSIS

HISTOPATHOLOGY

Lymph nodes

Skin

ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

LABORATORY TESTS

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Chapter 18: Bacillary Angiomatosis

DEFINITION

EPIDEMIOLOGY

ETIOLOGY

PATHOGENESIS

CLINICAL SYNDROME

THERAPY AND PROGNOSIS

HISTOPATHOLOGY

ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Chapter 19: Lymphogranuloma Venereum Lymphadenitis

DEFINITION

ETIOLOGY

EPIDEMIOLOGY

CLINICAL SYNDROME

TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS

HISTOPATHOLOGY

LABORATORY TESTS

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Chapter 20: Syphilitic Lymphadenitis

DEFINITION

ETIOLOGY

EPIDEMIOLOGY

CLINICAL SYNDROME

HISTOPATHOLOGY

Methods of T pallidum detection in tissues

LABORATORY TESTS

TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Chapter 21: Lymphadenitis of Whipple Disease

DEFINITION

ETIOLOGY

EPIDEMIOLOGY

PATHOGENESIS

CLINICAL SYNDROME

TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS

HISTOPATHOLOGY

CYTOPATHOLOGY

ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY

LABORATORY TESTS

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Section III ▪ Mycobacterial Lymphadenitides

Chapter 22: Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Lymphadenitis

DEFINITION

INTRODUCTION

ETIOLOGY

EPIDEMIOLOGY

PATHOGENESIS

CLINICAL SYNDROME

Lymphadenitis

BACILLE CALMETTE-GUÉRIN LYMPHADENITIS

TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS

GROSS PATHOLOGY

HISTOLOGIC FINDINGS

CYTOPATHOLOGY

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY

TESTS FOR DETECTING MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS INFECTION

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Chapter 23: Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Lymphadenitis

DEFINITION

ETIOLOGY

PATHOGENESIS

EPIDEMIOLOGY

CLINICAL SYNDROME

TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS

HISTOPATHOLOGIC FINDINGS

General comments

Lymph nodes

Mycobacterial spindle cell pseudotumor

CYTOLOGY

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY

LABORATORY TESTS

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Chapter 24: Mycobacterium Leprae Lymphadenitis

DEFINITION

INTRODUCTION

ETIOLOGY

EPIDEMIOLOGY

PATHOGENESIS

CLINICAL SYNDROME

TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS

HISTOPATHOLOGY

Skin

Lymph node

LABORATORY TESTS

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Section IV ▪ Fungal Lymphadenitides

Chapter 25: Cryptococcus Lymphadenitis

DEFINITION

EPIDEMIOLOGY

ETIOLOGY

PATHOGENESIS

CLINICAL SYNDROME

TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS

HISTOPATHOLOGY

CYTOPATHOLOGY

LABORATORY TESTS

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Chapter 26: Histoplasma Lymphadenitis

DEFINITION

ETIOLOGY

EPIDEMIOLOGY

PATHOGENESIS

CLINICAL SYNDROME

TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS

HISTOPATHOLOGY

CYTOPATHOLOGY

LABORATORY TESTS

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Chapter 27: Coccidioidomycosis Lymphadenitis

DEFINITION

INTRODUCTION

ETIOLOGY

GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION

EPIDEMIOLOGY

PATHOGENESIS

CLINICAL SYNDROME

TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS

HISTOPATHOLOGY

LABORATORY TESTS

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Chapter 28: Pneumocystis Lymphadenitis

DEFINITION

ETIOLOGY

EPIDEMIOLOGY

PATHOGENESIS

CLINICAL SYNDROME

TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS

HISTOPATHOLOGY

CYTOPATHOLOGY

LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Section V ▪ Protozoal Lymphadenitides

Chapter 29: Toxoplasma Lymphadenitis

DEFINITION

INTRODUCTION

ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS

EPIDEMIOLOGY

CLINICAL FEATURES

TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS

HISTOPATHOLOGY

CYTOPATHOLOGY

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY

MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY

DIAGNOSTIC TESTS

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Chapter 30: Leishmania Lymphadenitis

DEFINITION

ETIOLOGY

EPIDEMIOLOGY

PATHOGENESIS

CLINICAL SYNDROME

TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS

HISTOPATHOLOGY

CYTOPATHOLOGY

ANCILLARY METHODS FOR DIAGNOSIS

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Chapter 31: Filaria Lymphadenitis

DEFINITION

INTRODUCTION

ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS

EPIDEMIOLOGY

CLINICAL SYNDROME

TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS

HISTOPATHOLOGY

CYTOPATHOLOGY

LABORATORY TESTS

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Part Four ▪ Lymphadenopathies

Section I ▪ Reactive Lymphadenopathies

Chapter 32: Reactive Lymphoid Hyperplasia

DEFINITION

EPIDEMIOLOGY

ETIOLOGY

PATHOGENESIS

CLINICAL SYNDROME

Age

HISTOPATHOLOGY

Reactive follicular hyperplasia

Reactive paracortical hyperplasia

Sinusoidal hyperplasia

Marginal zone hyperplasia

Plasmacytosis of medullary cords

Mixed patterns

IMMUNOPHENOTYPIC FINDINGS

Assessment of clonality

Reactive follicular hyperplasia

Reactive paracortical hyperplasia

Sinus histiocytosis

Plasmacytosis

MOLECULAR TESTING

CONVENTIONAL CYTOGENETIC RESULTS

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Reactive follicular hyperplasia

Reactive paracortical hyperplasia

Sinusoidal hyperplasia

Chapter 33: Progressive Transformation of Germinal Centers

DEFINITION

EPIDEMIOLOGY

PATHOGENESIS

CLINICAL SYNDROME

THERAPY AND PROGNOSIS

HISTOPATHOLOGY

CYTOPATHOLOGY

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Section II ▪ Lymphadenopathies Associated with Clinical Syndromes

Chapter 34: IgG4-Related Lymphadenopathy

DEFINITION

INTRODUCTION

PATHOGENESIS

CLINICAL SYNDROME

TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS

HISTOPATHOLOGY

Multicentric Castleman disease–like (type I)

Follicular hyperplasia (type II)

Interfollicular expansion (type III)

Progressive transformation of germinal centers (type IV)

Inflammatory pseudotumor–like (type V)

Infectious mononucleosis–like

IMMUNOPHENOTYPIC AND MOLECULAR FEATURES

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Chapter 35: Kimura Lymphadenopathy

DEFINITION

INTRODUCTION

ETIOLOGY AND EPIDEMIOLOGY

CLINICAL FEATURES

THERAPY AND PROGNOSIS

HISTOPATHOLOGY

CYTOPATHOLOGY

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR FINDINGS

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Chapter 36: Rosai-Dorfman Disease

DEFINITION

INTRODUCTION

ETIOLOGY

EPIDEMIOLOGY

CLINICAL SYNDROME

TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS

HISTOPATHOLOGY

ROSAI-DORFMAN DISEASE ASSOCIATED WITH LYMPHOMA

CYTOPATHOLOGY

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY

MOLECULAR FINDINGS

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Chapter 37: Kikuchi-Fujimoto Disease

DEFINITION

INTRODUCTION

PATHOGENESIS

CLINICAL FEATURES

THERAPY AND PROGNOSIS

HISTOPATHOLOGY

CYTOPATHOLOGY

IMMUNOPHENOTYPE AND MOLECULAR STUDIES

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Chapter 38: Sarcoidosis Lymphadenopathy

DEFINITION

HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION

EPIDEMIOLOGY

ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS

PATHOGENESIS

CLINICAL SYNDROME

TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS

HISTOPATHOLOGY

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY

KVEIM TEST

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Chapter 39: Systemic Lupus Lymphadenopathy

DEFINITION

EPIDEMIOLOGY

ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS

CLINICAL FEATURES

TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS

HISTOPATHOLOGY

Lupus lymphadenitis with necrosis

Other nodal lymphoproliferations in SLE

Lymphoma risk

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR FEATURES

LABORATORY TESTS

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Chapter 40: Rheumatoid Lymphadenopathy

DEFINITION

EPIDEMIOLOGY

PATHOGENESIS

Risk of lymphoma

CLINICAL SYNDROME

LABORATORY TESTS

TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS

HISTOPATHOLOGY

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Chapter 41: Dermatopathic Lymphadenopathy

DEFINITION

INTRODUCTION AND PATHOGENESIS

FREQUENCY

CLINICAL SYNDROME

TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS

HISTOPATHOLOGY

CYTOPATHOLOGY

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY

MOLECULAR FINDINGS

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Chapter 42: Unicentric Castleman Disease

DEFINITION

INTRODUCTION

PATHOGENESIS

CLINICAL SYNDROME

Hyaline vascular variant

Plasma cell variant

HISTOPATHOLOGY

Hyaline vascular variant

Plasma cell variant

IMMUNOPHENOTYPE

CYTOGENETIC AND MOLECULAR FINDINGS

CASTLEMAN-LIKE CHANGES IN LYMPH NODES INVOLVED BY LYMPHOMA

NEOPLASMS ASSOCIATED WITH CASTLEMAN DISEASE

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Hyaline vascular variant

Plasma cell variant

Chapter 43: Multicentric Castleman Disease

DEFINITION

INTRODUCTION

PATHOGENESIS

Human herpesvirus 8–positive multicentric Castleman disease

Idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease

POEMS syndrome

CLINICAL SYNDROME

Human herpesvirus 8–positive multicentric Castleman disease

Idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease

POEMS syndrome

TREATMENT AND PORGNOSIS

HISTOPATHOLOGY

IMMUNOPHENOTYPIC FEATURES

CYTOGENETIC AND MOLECULAR FINDINGS

NEOPLASMS ASSOCIATED WITH MULTICENTRIC CASTLEMAN DISEASE

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Chapter 44: Tumor-Reactive Lymphadenopathy

DEFINITION

PATHOGENESIS

CLINICAL IMPORTANCE

HISTOPATHOLOGIC FEATURES

Lymphocyte predominance

Germinal center predominance

Sinus histiocytosis

Lymphocyte depletion

Granulomatous reaction

Marginal zone hyperplasia

Dermatopathic lymphadenopathy

Plasmacytosis or eosinophilia

Vascular transformation of lymph node sinuses

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Chapter 45: Amyloid Lymphadenopathy

DEFINITION

EPIDEMIOLOGY

PATHOGENESIS

CLINICAL SYNDROME

TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS

HISTOPATHOLOGY

ANCILLARY METHODS

Special stains

Electron microscopy

Immunohistochemistry

Proteomics

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Section III ▪ Lymphadenopathy Associated with Drug Therapy

Chapter 46: Drug-Induced Lymphadenopathy

DEFINITION

INTRODUCTION

PATHOGENESIS

CLINICAL SYNDROME

Drug-associated changes not obviously related to DRESS

Lymphomas arising in patients taking anticonvulsant medications

TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS

HISTOPATHOLOGY

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY

MOLECULAR DIAGNOSIS

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Section IV ▪ Vascular Lymphadenopathies

Chapter 47: Lymph Node Infarction

DEFINITION

PATHOGENESIS

CLINICAL SYNDROME

TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS

HISTOPATHOLOGY

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY

MOLECULAR STUDIES

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Chapter 48: Vascular Transformation of Sinuses

DEFINITION

PATHOGENESIS

CLINICAL SYNDROME

HISTOPATHOLOGY

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Section V ▪ Foreign Body Lymphadenopathies

Chapter 49: Lipogranulomatous Lymphadenopathy

DEFINITION

INTRODUCTION AND PATHOGENESIS

LYMPHANGIOGRAPHY-ASSOCIATED LYMPHADENOPATHY

CLINICAL SYNDROME, TREATMENT, AND PROGNOSIS

GROSS AND HISTOPATHOLOGIC FINDINGS

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Chapter 50: Silicone Lymphadenopathy

DEFINITION

INTRODUCTION

PATHOGENESIS

CLINICAL SYMPTOMS

TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS

HISTOPATHOLOGY

CYTOPATHOLOGY

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY

ELECTRON MICROSCOPY AND SPECTROSCOPY

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Chapter 51: Lymphadenopathy Associated With Joint Prostheses

DEFINITION

INTRODUCTION

PATHOGENESIS

CLINICAL SYNDROME

TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS

HISTOPATHOLOGY

ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR STUDIES

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Chapter 52: Tattoo Lymphadenopathy

DEFINITION

INTRODUCTION

PATHOGENESIS

CLINICAL SYNDROME

HISTOPATHOLOGY

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Chapter 53: Gold Lymphadenopathy

DEFINITION

INTRODUCTION

PATHOGENESIS

CLINICAL SYNDROME

TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS

HISTOPATHOLOGY

Ancillary techniques

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Section VI ▪ Lymph Node Inclusions

Chapter 54: Epithelial Cell Inclusions in Lymph Nodes

DEFINITION

PATHOGENESIS

Upper cervical lymph nodes

Lower cervical lymph nodes

Axillary lymph nodes

Mediastinal lymph nodes

Mesenteric lymph nodes

Peripancreatic lymph nodes

Perirenal lymph nodes

Peritoneal lymph nodes

CLINICAL SYNDROME

TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS

HISTOPATHOLOGY

Cervical lymph nodes

Axillary lymph nodes

Mediastinal lymph nodes

Mesenteric lymph nodes

Peripancreatic lymph nodes

Perirenal lymph nodes

Pelvic and abdominal lymph nodes

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Chapter 55: Nevus Cell Inclusions in Lymph Nodes

DEFINITION

INTRODUCTION

PATHOGENESIS

CLINICAL SYNDROME

TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS

HISTOPATHOLOGY

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY

MOLECULAR TESTING

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Part Five ▪ Lymphomas

Section I ▪ Nomenclature and Classification of Lymphomas

Chapter 56: Nomenclature and Classification of Lymphomas

HODGKIN LYMPHOMAS

PRECURSOR LYMPHOBLASTIC NEOPLASMS

B-CELL NON-HODGKIN LYMPHOMAS

T-CELL NON-HODGKIN LYMPHOMAS

GRAY-ZONE LYMPHOMAS

Section II ▪ Hodgkin Lymphomas

Chapter 57: Classic Hodgkin Lymphomas

DEFINITION

INTRODUCTION AND EPIDEMIOLOGY

ETIOLOGY

PATHOGENESIS

PATTERN OF SPREAD

STAGE

CLINICAL FEATURES

PROGNOSIS AND TREATMENT

HISTOPATHOLOGY

Neoplastic cells

Reed-Sternberg cell variants

Nonneoplastic cells

Nodular sclerosis HL

Lymphocyte-rich classic HL

Mixed cellularity HL

Lymphocyte-depleted HL

ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

IMMUNOPHENOTYPE

Neoplastic cells

Nonneoplastic cells

CYTOGENETICS AND MOLECULAR GENETICS

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Nodular sclerosis HL

Lymphocyte-rich classic HL

Mixed cellularity HL

Lymphocyte-depleted HL

Chapter 58: Nodular Lymphocyte–Predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma

DEFINITION

INTRODUCTION

EPIDEMIOLOGY

ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS

CLINICAL FEATURES

PROGNOSIS AND TREATMENT

HISTOLOGIC FEATURES

Diffuse lymphocyte–predominant Hodgkin lymphoma

IMMUNOPHENOTYPIC FINDINGS

MOLECULAR AND CYTOGENETIC FINDINGS

DIFFUSE LARGE B-CELL LYMPHOMA IN PATIENTS WITH NODULAR LYMPHOCYTE–PREDOMINANT HODGKIN LYMPHOMA

IMMUNOPHENOTYPE

Lymphocyte-predominant cells

Reactive cells in nodular pattern

Reactive cells in areas of diffuse pattern

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Section III ▪ Precursor Lymphoid Neoplasms

Chapter 59: B Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma

DEFINITION

EPIDEMIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS

CURRENT CLASSIFICATION OF B ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA

CLINICAL FINDINGS

THERAPY AND PROGNOSIS

HISTOLOGIC FINDINGS

Blood and bone marrow

Lymph node

IMMUNOPHENOTYPIC FINDINGS

DNA CONTENT ANALYSIS

CYTOGENETIC FINDINGS

MOLECULAR FINDINGS

BCR-ABL1–LIKE B ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA

IMMUNOPHENOTYPE

B lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Chapter 60: T Lymphoblastic Lymphoma/Leukemia

DEFINITION

EPIDEMIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS

CLINICAL FINDINGS

THERAPY AND PROGNOSIS

HISTOLOGIC FINDINGS

Lymph node

Blood and bone marrow

IMMUNOPHENOTYPIC FINDINGS

CYTOGENETICS AND MOLECULAR FINDINGS

EARLY T-CELL PRECURSOR ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA

IMMUNOPHENOTYPE

T lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

NATURAL KILLER LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA/LYMPHOMA

Definition

Epidemiology

CLINICAL FINDINGS

HISTOLOGIC, IMMUNOPHENOTYPIC, AND MOLECULAR FINDINGS

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

BLASTIC HEMATOPOIETIC NEOPLASM ASSOCIATED WITH T(8;13)(P11;Q12)/ZMYM2-FGFR1

Definition

Introduction

CLINICAL FINDINGS

PROGNOSIS AND TREATMENT

HISTOLOGIC AND IMMUNOPHENOTYPIC FINDINGS

PERIPHERAL BLOOD AND BONE MARROW

MOLECULAR FINDINGS

Section IV ▪ Mature B-Cell Neoplasms

Chapter 61: Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma

DEFINITION

EPIDEMIOLOGY

CLINICAL SYNDROME

PROGNOSIS AND TREATMENT

HISTOPATHOLOGY

Lymph node

Peripheral blood

Bone marrow

IMMUNOPHENOTYPE

Flow cytometry

Immunohistochemistry

CYTOGENETICS

MOLECULAR DIAGNOSIS

HISTOLOGIC TRANSFORMATION OF CLL/SLL

Accelerated phase

Prolymphocytoid transformation

Richter syndrome

MONOCLONAL B-CELL LYMPHOCYTOSIS

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

IMMUNOPHENOTYPE OF CLL/SLL

Chapter 62: Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma and Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia

DEFINITION

EPIDEMIOLOGY AND ETIOLOGY

CLINICAL FINDINGS

LABORATORY FINDINGS

Serum IgM paraprotein

Other laboratory abnormalities

THERAPY AND PROGNOSIS

HISTOPATHOLOGY

Bone marrow

Lymph node

IMMUNOPHENOTYPE

CYTOGENETIC FINDINGS

MOLECULAR FINDINGS

LARGE-CELL TRANSFORMATION OF LPL/WM

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Chapter 63: Hairy Cell Leukemia

DEFINITION

INTRODUCTION

EPIDEMIOLOGY

PATHOGENESIS

CLINICAL FEATURES

TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS

Second malignancies in hairy cell leukemia patients

HISTOPATHOLOGY

Peripheral blood

Bone marrow

Spleen

Lymph node

Atypical morphologic variants and histologic transformation

ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

CYTOCHEMISTRY

IMMUNOPHENOTYPE

CYTOGENETICS AND COMPARATIVE GENOMIC HYBRIDIZATION

MOLECULAR FINDINGS

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

IMMUNOPHENOTYPE

Chapter 64: Nodal Marginal Zone B-Cell Lymphoma

DEFINITION

PHYSIOLOGIC ROLE OF MARGINAL ZONE B CELLS

HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION

EPIDEMIOLOGY

CLINICAL SYNDROME

TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS

HISTOPATHOLOGY

IMMUNOPHENOTYPE

CYTOGENETIC AND MOLECULAR FINDINGS

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

IMMUNOPHENOTYPE

Chapter 65: Extranodal Marginal Zone Lymphomas

DEFINITION

INTRODUCTION AND EPIDEMIOLOGY

ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS

CLINICAL FINDINGS

TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS

HISTOLOGIC FEATURES

Lymph nodes

Bone marrow

Other extranodal sites

IMMUNOPHENOTYPE

CYTOGENETICS AND MOLECULAR FINDINGS

Site-specific abnormalities in extranodal marginal zone lymphoma

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Chapter 66: Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma

DEFINITION

INTRODUCTION AND EPIDEMIOLOGY

CLINICAL SYNDROME

TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS

HISTOPATHOLOGY

Lymph nodes

Spleen

Peripheral blood and bone marrow

IMMUNOPHENOTYPIC FEATURES

CYTOGENETIC AND MOLECULAR FINDINGS

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Chapter 67: Plasmacytoma

DEFINITION

INTRODUCTION AND EPIDEMIOLOGY

CLINICAL SYNDROME

THERAPY AND PROGNOSIS

HISTOPATHOLOGY

Ancillary studies

CYTOGENETIC AND MOLECULAR FINDINGS

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Chapter 68: Follicular Lymphoma

DEFINITION

INTRODUCTION AND EPIDEMIOLOGY

PATHOGENESIS

CLINICAL SYNDROME

TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS

HISTOPATHOLOGY

Grading

Blood and bone marrow

Morphologic variants of systemic follicular lymphoma

In situ follicular neoplasia

Partial involvement by follicular lymphoma

Follicular lymphoma with marginal zone (monocytoid) differentiation

Floral variant of follicular lymphoma

Follicular lymphoma with Castleman-like features

Signet-ring cell follicular lymphoma

Follicular lymphoma with abundant extracellular PAS+ material

Follicular lymphoma with a diffuse pattern

CYTOPATHOLOGY

ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

IMMUNOPHENOTYPIC FEATURES

Immunophenotypic variants of follicular lymphoma

CD5+ follicular lymphoma

EBV+ follicular lymphoma

CYTOGENETIC AND MOLECULAR FINDINGS

TRANSFORMATION OF SYSTEMIC FOLLICULAR LYMPHOMA TO DIFFUSE LARGE B-CELL LYMPHOMA

SPECIFIC TYPES OF NODAL FOLLICULAR LYMPHOMA

Pediatric-type follicular lymphoma

Follicular lymphoma associated with IRF4/MUM1 rearrangement

Follicular lymphoma with del(1p36)/TNFRSF14 abnormalities

FOLLICULAR LYMPHOMA, GRADE 3B

SPECIFIC TYPES OF EXTRANODAL FOLLICULAR LYMPHOMA

Primary cutaneous follicle center cell lymphoma

Primary intestinal follicular lymphoma

Follicular lymphoma of the testis

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Chapter 69: Mantle Cell Lymphoma

DEFINITION

HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION

EPIDEMIOLOGY

PATHOGENESIS

CLINICAL FINDINGS

TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS

HISTOLOGIC FINDINGS

Cytologic spectrum of mantle cell lymphoma

Common sites of involvement by mantle cell lymphoma

Lymph node

Gastrointestinal tract

Spleen

Bone marrow

Peripheral blood

VARIANTS OF MANTLE CELL LYMPHOMA

In situ mantle cell neoplasia

Leukemic non-nodal mantle cell lymphoma

Cyclin D1− mantle cell lymphoma

IMMUNOPHENOTYPIC FINDINGS

Cyclin D1

CYTOGENETICS

MOLECULAR DIAGNOSIS

Immunoglobulin genes

Methods for detecting the t(11;14)

Gene expression profiling

Additional molecular alterations in mantle cell lymphoma

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

IMMUNOPHENOTYPE

Chapter 70: Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma

DEFINITION

INTRODUCTION AND EPIDEMIOLOGY

ETIOLOGY

PATHOGENESIS

Germinal center

Chromosomal translocations

Gene mutations

Mutations in genes that modify histones and chromatin

Escape from immunosurveillance

FOXO1 mutations

EZH2 mutations

Abnormal B-cell migration

TNFRSF14 mutations

Activation of NF-κB pathway

Inhibition of terminal differentiation

Cell-of-origin

Tumor microenvironment

CLINICAL SYNDROME

International Prognostic Index

THERAPY AND PROGNOSIS

HISTOPATHOLOGY

Lymph node

Cytopathologic features

Extranodal sites

Bone marrow

Peripheral blood

IMMUNOPHENOTYPE

Cell-of-origin

MYC + Bcl-2

CD5

MYC

P53

CYTOGENETIC AND MOLECULAR FINDINGS

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

PHENOTYPE

Chapter 71: T-Cell/Histiocyte-Rich Large B-Cell Lymphoma

DEFINITION

INTRODUCTION AND EPIDEMIOLOGY

CLINICAL FINDINGS

THERAPY AND PROGNOSIS

HISTOPATHOLOGY

IMMUNOPHENOTYPE

CYTOGENETIC AND MOLECULAR FINDINGS

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Chapter 72: ALK-Positive Large B-Cell Lymphoma

DEFINITION

INTRODUCTION AND EPIDEMIOLOGY

CLINICAL FINDINGS

THERAPY AND PROGNOSIS

HISTOPATHOLOGY

IMMUNOPHENOTYPE

CYTOGENETIC AND MOLECULAR FINDINGS

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Chapter 73: Plasmablastic Lymphoma

DEFINITION

INTRODUCTION

EPIDEMIOLOGY AND CLINICAL FINDINGS

HIV associated

Transplantation associated

Autoimmune disease associated

Immunocompetent patients

THERAPY AND PROGNOSIS

HISTOPATHOLOGY

IMMUNOPHENOTYPE

CYTOGENETIC AND MOLECULAR FINDINGS

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Chapter 74: Primary Mediastinal Large B-Cell Lymphoma

DEFINITION

EPIDEMIOLOGY

PATHOGENESIS

CLINICAL SYNDROME

TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS

HISTOPATHOLOGY

Mediastinum

Lymph nodes

IMMUNOPHENOTYPIC FEATURES

CYTOGENETIC AND MOLECULAR FINDINGS

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

IMMUNOPHENOTYPE

Chapter 75: Epstein-Barr Virus–Positive Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma, Not Otherwise Specified

DEFINITION

INTRODUCTION

EPIDEMIOLOGY

CLINICAL SYNDROME

THERAPY AND PROGNOSIS

HISTOPATHOLOGY

IMMUNOPHENOTYPE

CYTOGENETIC AND MOLECULAR FINDINGS

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Chapter 76: HHV8-Positive Lymphoproliferative Disorders

INTRODUCTION

GENERAL FEATURES OF HHV8

PRIMARY EFFUSION LYMPHOMA

Definition

Clinical features

Therapy and prognosis

Histopathology

Immunophenotypic features

Cytogenetic and molecular features

Cell or origin

Differential diagnosis

HHV8+ DIFFUSE LARGE B-CELL LYMPHOMA, NOT OTHERWISE SPECIFIED

Definition

Clinical features

Therapy and prognosis

Histologic findings

Immunophenotypic features

Cytogenetic and molecular findings

Differential diagnosis

HHV8+ GERMINOTROPIC LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDER

Introduction and clinical findings

Histologic features

Immunophenotypic and molecular features

Differential diagnosis

Chapter 77: Extranodal Variants of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma

PRIMARY DLBCL OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

Definition

Clinical findings

Therapy and prognosis

Morphologic and immunophenotypic findings

Cytogenetic and molecular findings

PRIMARY CUTANEOUS DIFFUSE LARGE B-CELL LYMPHOMA, LEG-TYPE

Definition

Clinical findings

Therapy and prognosis

Morphologic and immunophenotypic findings

Cytogenetic and molecular features

DIFFUSE LARGE B-CELL LYMPHOMA ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC INFLAMMATION

Definition

Introduction and pathogenesis

Clinical findings

Therapy and prognosis

Morphologic and immunophenotypic findings

Cytogenetic and molecular features

FIBRIN-ASSOCIATED EBV-POSITIVE LARGE B-CELL LYMPHOMA

Definition

Introduction and clinical findings

Therapy and prognosis

Morphologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular findings

LYMPHOMATOID GRANULOMATOSIS

Definition

Clinical findings

Therapy and prognosis

Morphologic and immunophenotypic findings

Cytogenetic and molecular findings

INTRAVASCULAR LARGE B-CELL LYMPHOMA

Definition

Clinical findings

Morphologic and immunophenotypic findings

EBV-POSITIVE MUCOCUTANEOUS ULCER

Definition

Clinical findings

Therapy and prognosis

Morphologic and immunophenotypic findings

Cytogenetic and molecular findings

PRIMARY TESTICULAR DIFFUSE LARGE B-CELL LYMPHOMA

Definition

Clinical findings

Therapy and prognosis

Morphologic and immunophenotypic findings

Cytogenetic and molecular findings

Chapter 78: Burkitt Lymphoma

DEFINITION

HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION

EPIDEMIOLOGY

Endemic

Sporadic

Immunodeficiency-associated

PATHOGENESIS

Genetic alterations

Burkitt lymphoma without MYC translocation

Cofactors involved in Burkitt lymphoma pathogenesis

Epstein-Barr virus

Malaria

Other potential cofactors

CLINICAL FINDINGS

THERAPY AND PROGNOSIS

HISTOPATHOLOGY

Morphologic variants

IMMUNOPHENOTYPE

CONVENTIONAL CYTOGENETICS

MOLECULAR FINDINGS

Burkitt-like lymphoma with 11q aberration

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

IMMUNOPHENOTYPE

Chapter 79: High-Grade B-Cell Lymphomas

INTRODUCTION

HIGH-GRADE B-CELL LYMPHOMA WITH MYC AND BCL2 AND/OR BCL6 REARRANGEMENT

Definition

Introduction

Clinical features

Therapy and prognosis

Histologic findings

Cytologic findings

Immunophenotypic features

Cytogenetic and molecular findings

Atypical double-hit lymphoma

Double-expressor lymphoma

Differential Diagnosis

HIGH-GRADE B-CELL LYMPHOMA, NOT OTHERWISE SPECIFIED

Definition

Introduction

Clinical features

Therapy and prognosis

Histologic findings

Immunophenotypic features

Cytogenetic and molecular findings

Differential Diagnosis

Chapter 80: B-Cell Lymphoma, Unclassifiable, With Features Intermediate Between Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma and Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma

DEFINITION

GENERAL FEATURES

CLINICAL FEATURES

THERAPY AND PROGNOSIS

HISTOLOGIC FINDINGS

CYTOLOGIC FINDINGS

IMMUNOPHENOTYPE

Epstein-Barr virus

CYTOGENETIC AND MOLECULAR FINDINGS

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Chapter 81: Composite Lymphoma

DEFINITION

HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION

DISCORDANT AND SEQUENTIAL LYMPHOMAS

LYMPHOID AND NONLYMPHOID HEMATOLOGIC NEOPLASMS

FREQUENCY AND PATHOGENESIS

Mechanisms involved in clonally related cases

Hypotheses that may explain clonally unrelated cases

CLINICAL FINDINGS

THERAPY AND PROGNOSIS

MORPHOLOGIC AND IMMUNOPHENOTYPIC FINDINGS

MOLECULAR FINDINGS

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Section V ▪ Mature T-Cell Neoplasms

Chapter 82: Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma, Not Otherwise Specified

DEFINITION

INTRODUCTION

EPIDEMIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS

CLINICAL FINDINGS

TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS

HISTOLOGIC FINDINGS

Morphologic variants

IMMUNOPHENOTYPIC FINDINGS

Diagnostic value of aberrant immunophenotypes

Immunophenotypic algorithm for diagnosis

Physiologic T-cell heterogeneity and attempts to correlate with PTCL-NOS subsets

CYTOGENETICS

MOLECULAR FEATURES

Lymphoepithelioid variant/Lennert lymphoma

PRIMARY EBV-POSITIVE NODAL T-/NK-CELL LYMPHOMA

PTCL-NOS WITH ASSOCIATED B-CELL PROLIFERATIONS

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

IMMUNOPHENOTYPE

Chapter 83: Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma

DEFINITION

HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE

EPIDEMIOLOGY

PATHOGENESIS

CLINICAL FINDINGS

TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS

HISTOLOGIC FINDINGS

Lymph node

Peripheral blood

Bone marrow

Extranodal sites

IMMUNOPHENOTYPE

CYTOGENETIC FINDINGS

MOLECULAR FINDINGS

Morphologic-molecular correlations

SECOND LYMPHOMAS IN AITL PATIENTS

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

IMMUNOPHENOTYPE

Chapter 84: Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma With T Follicular Helper Cell Immunophenotype

DEFINITION

INTRODUCTION

CLINICAL FEATURES

TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS

HISTOLOGIC FEATURES

T-zone variant

Follicular T-cell lymphoma

IMMUNOPHENOTYPE

CYTOGENETIC AND MOLECULAR FEATURES

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Chapter 85: Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma

DEFINITION

HUMAN LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE 1

Other human T-cell lymphotropic viruses

EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HUMAN LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE 1 INFECTION

EPIDEMIOLOGY OF ADULT T-CELL LEUKEMIA/LYMPHOMA

PATHOGENESIS

CLINICAL FEATURES

THERAPY AND PROGNOSIS

HISTOLOGIC FINDINGS

Lymph nodes

Peripheral blood and bone marrow

Skin

Other extranodal sites

IMMUNOPHENOTYPE

CYTOGENETICS

MOLECULAR FINDINGS

METHODS FOR DETECTING HUMAN T-CELL LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE 1

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

IMMUNOPHENOTYPE

Chapter 86: Mycosis Fungoides and Sézary Syndrome

DEFINITION

INTRODUCTION

EPIDEMIOLOGY

PATHOGENESIS

CLINICAL SYNDROME

PROGNOSIS

TREATMENT

HISTOLOGIC FINDINGS

Skin

Mycosis fungoides variants involving the skin

Folliculotropic mycosis fungoides

Pagetoid reticulosis

Granulomatous slack skin disease

Large-cell transformation of mycosis fungoides

Peripheral blood and bone marrow

Lymph node

Visceral disease

IMMUNOPHENOTYPE

CYTOGENETIC AND MOLECULAR FINDINGS

T-cell clonality

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

IMMUNOPHENOTYPE OF MYCOSIS FUNGOIDES

DEFINITION

ADDITIONAL DEFINITIONS

INTRODUCTION AND EPIDEMIOLOGY

CLINICAL SYNDROME

TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS

HISTOLOGIC FINDINGS

Peripheral blood and bone marrow

Skin

Lymph nodes

ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

IMMUNOPHENOTYPIC FINDINGS

MOLECULAR STUDIES

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Chapter 87: ALK-Positive Anaplastic Large-Cell Lymphoma

INTRODUCTION

DEFINITION

EPIDEMIOLOGY

PATHOGENESIS

CLINICAL FINDINGS

THERAPY AND PROGNOSIS

HISTOLOGIC FINDINGS

Other variants of ALK+ anaplastic large-cell lymphoma

IMMUNOPHENOTYPIC FINDINGS

Immunohistochemistry

Flow cytometry

CYTOGENETICS AND MOLECULAR DIAGNOSIS

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

IMMUNOPHENOTYPE

Chapter 88: ALK-Negative Anaplastic Large-Cell Lymphoma

DEFINITION

INTRODUCTION

EPIDEMIOLOGY

CLINICAL SYNDROME

TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS

HISTOLOGIC FINDINGS

IMMUNOPHENOTYPIC FINDINGS

CYTOGENETIC AND MOLECULAR FINDINGS

ANAPLASTIC LYMPHOMA KINASE-NEGATIVE ANAPLASTIC LARGE-CELL LYMPHOMA WITH DUSP22 REARRANGEMENT

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

IMMUNOPHENOTYPE

Chapter 89: Extranodal Anaplastic Large-Cell Lymphomas

PRIMARY CUTANEOUS ANAPLASTIC LARGE-CELL LYMPHOMA

Definition

INTRODUCTION AND EPIDEMIOLOGY

CLINICAL SYNDROME

TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS

HISTOLOGIC FINDINGS

Skin

Lymph nodes

IMMUNOPHENOTYPE

MOLECULAR FINDINGS

DUSP22 REARRANGEMENT

ANAPLASTIC LYMPHOMA KINASE TRANSLOCATIONS

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

BREAST IMPLANT–ASSOCIATED ANAPLASTIC LARGE-CELL LYMPHOMA

Definition

EPIDEMIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS

CLINICAL SYNDROME

TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS

HISTOLOGIC FINDINGS

Breast

Lymph nodes

Other sites

IMMUNOPHENOTYPE

CYTOGENETIC AND MOLECULAR FINDINGS

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Part Six ▪ Lymphoproliferative Disorders Associated with Immune Deficiencies

Chapter 90: Lymphoproliferative Disorders Associated With Primary Immunodeficiency Syndromes

DEFINITION

INTRODUCTION

EPIDEMIOLOGY

RISK OF LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS

PATHOGENESIS

CLINICAL FINDINGS

TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS

HISTOLOGIC FINDINGS

Benign/reactive findings

Lymphoproliferative disorders

IMMUNOPHENOTYPIC FINDINGS

MOLECULAR FINDINGS

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Chapter 91: Iatrogenic Lymphoproliferative Disorders

DEFINITION

INTRODUCTION

Methotrexate

PATHOGENESIS

CLINICAL FINDINGS

TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

Classic Hodgkin lymphoma

Polymorphic lymphoproliferative disorder and EBV+ mucocutaneous ulcer

Other types of lymphoproliferative disorder

HISTOLOGIC AND IMMUNOPHENOTYPIC FINDINGS

Reactive hyperplasia

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

Classic Hodgkin lymphoma

Polymorphic lymphoproliferative disorders

Other iatrogenic lymphoproliferative disorders

CYTOGENETIC AND MOLECULAR FINDINGS

Epstein-Barr virus

CANCER THERAPY–ASSOCIATED LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS

Definition

GENERAL FEATURES

CLINICAL FEATURES

THERAPY AND PROGNOSIS

HISTOLOGIC, IMMUNOPHENOTYPIC, AND MOLECULAR FINDINGS

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Chapter 92: Posttransplant Lymphoproliferative Disorders

DEFINITION

EPIDEMIOLOGY

RISK FACTORS

PATHOGENESIS

CLINICAL FINDINGS

TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS

HISTOLOGIC AND IMMUNOPHENOTYPIC FINDINGS

Nondestructive lesions

Polymorphic posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders

Monomorphic posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders

B-cell lesions

Classic Hodgkin lymphoma

Monomorphic lesions: T/natural killer cell

CYTOGENETIC AND MOLECULAR FINDINGS

Nondestructive lesions

Polymorphic posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders

Monomorphic posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders

PATIENTS CAN HAVE MORE THAN ONE POSTTRANSPLANT LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDER

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Chapter 93: Lymphomas Associated With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

DEFINITION

EPIDEMIOLOGY

HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS

Natural history of HIV infection

Pathogenesis of HIV-associated lymphomas

CLINICAL SYNDROME

TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS

HISTOPATHOLOGY

Benign lesions

Polymorphic lymphoproliferative lesions

Lymphomas

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR FINDINGS

Benign lesions

Polymorphous lymphoproliferative lesions

Lymphomas

Part Seven ▪ Dendritic Cell and Histiocytic and Granulocytic/Monocytic Neoplasms

Chapter 94: Follicular Dendritic Cell Sarcoma

DEFINITION

INTRODUCTION

EPIDEMIOLOGY AND CLINICAL FINDINGS

TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS

GROSS AND HISTOLOGIC FINDINGS

CYTOPATHOLOGY

ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY

MOLECULAR DIAGNOSIS

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

IMMUNOPHENOTYPE

Chapter 95: Interdigitating Dendritic Cell Sarcoma

DEFINITION

INTRODUCTION

EPIDEMIOLOGY

CLINICAL FINDINGS

TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS

SECOND NEOPLASMS

GROSS AND HISTOLOGIC FINDINGS

ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

IMMUNOPHENOTYPE

MOLECULAR FINDINGS

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

IMMUNOPHENOTYPE

Chapter 96: Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis and Langerhans Sarcoma

DEFINITION

LANGERHANS CELL HISTIOCYTOSIS

Historical introduction

Langerhans cells and myeloid dendritic cells

Pathogenesis

Epidemiology

Clinical features

Treatment and prognosis

Histologic findings

Cytopathology

Electron microscopy

Immunohistochemistry

Molecular findings

Tumor-associated Langerhans cell histiocytosis

Differential diagnosis

LANGERHANS CELL SARCOMA

Definition

Clinical and histologic findings

Electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry

Molecular findings

Differential diagnosis

IMMUNOPHENOTYPE

Langerhans cell histiocytosis and sarcoma

Chapter 97: Histiocytic Sarcoma

DEFINITION

INTRODUCTION

EPIDEMIOLOGY

CLINICAL FINDINGS

TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS

HISTOLOGIC FINDINGS

CYTOPATHOLOGY

IMMUNOPHENOTYPE

MOLECULAR DIAGNOSIS

TRANSDIFFERENTIATION

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

IMMUNOPHENOTYPE

Chapter 98: Myeloid Sarcoma

DEFINITION

EPIDEMIOLOGY

ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS

CLINICAL SYNDROME

THERAPY AND PROGNOSIS

GROSS PATHOLOGY

HISTOPATHOLOGY

Lymph node

Other anatomic sites

CYTOPATHOLOGY

CYTOCHEMISTRY

IMMUNOPHENOTYPE

CYTOGENETIC AND MOLECULAR FINDINGS

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

IMMUNOPHENOTYPE

Chapter 99: Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm

DEFINITION

INTRODUCTION AND EPIDEMIOLOGY

CLINICAL FEATURES

THERAPY AND PROGNOSIS

HISTOLOGIC FINDINGS

Lymph node

Skin

Bone marrow

Peripheral blood

CYTOLOGIC FINDINGS

IMMUNOPHENOTYPE

CYTOGENETIC AND MOLECULAR FINDINGS

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

IMMUNOPHENOTYPE

Chapter 100: Mastocytosis

DEFINITION

INTRODUCTION

EPIDEMIOLOGY

CLINICAL FINDINGS

Aggressive systemic mastocytosis

Systemic mastocytosis with an associated hematologic neoplasm

Mast cell leukemia

Mast cell sarcoma

THERAPY AND PROGNOSIS

HISTOLOGIC FINDINGS

Lymph node

Spleen and liver

Bone marrow

Mast cell leukemia

Systemic mastocytosis with an associated hematologic neoplasm

CYTOPATHOLOGY

CYTOCHEMISTRY AND HISTOCHEMISTRY

IMMUNOPHENOTYPIC FINDINGS

CYTOGENETIC AND MOLECULAR FINDINGS

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

IMMUNOPHENOTYPE

Part Eight ▪ Spindle Cell Neoplasms of Lymph Nodes

Chapter 101: Intranodal Palisaded Myofibroblastoma

DEFINITION

INTRODUCTION AND PATHOGENESIS

CLINICAL SYNDROME

GROSS PATHOLOGY

HISTOPATHOLOGY

ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR FINDINGS

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Chapter 102: Inflammatory Pseudotumor of Lymph Nodes

DEFINITION

ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS

CLINICAL SYNDROME

THERAPY AND PROGNOSIS

GROSS PATHOLOGY

HISTOPATHOLOGY

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR FINDINGS

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Part Nine ▪ Vascular Neoplasms of Lymph Nodes

Chapter 103: Vascular Neoplasms of Lymph Nodes

DEFINITION

INTRODUCTION

CLINICAL SYNDROME

HISTOPATHOLOGY AND IMMUNOPHENOTYPE

Hemangioma

Angiomyomatous hamartoma

Hemangioendothelioma

Polymorphous hemangioendothelioma

Lymphangioma

Angiomyolipoma

Angiosarcoma

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Chapter 104: Kaposi Sarcoma

DEFINITION

INTRODUCTION

EPIDEMIOLOGY

ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS

CLINICAL SYNDROME

TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS

HISTOPATHOLOGY

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Part Ten ▪ Metastatic Tumors in Lymph Nodes

Chapter 105: Tumor Metastases in Lymph Nodes

DEFINITION

PATHOBIOLOGY OF METASTASIS

TUMOR METASTASIS IN LYMPH NODES

Staging and prognosis

ANATOMIC SITE OF INVOLVED LYMPH NODES

TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS

HISTOPATHOLOGY

ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY

LYMPH NODE METASTASES OF OCCULT PRIMARY TUMORS

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Small-cell tumors

Epithelioid tumors

Anaplastic tumors

Spindle cell tumors

Chapter 106: Metastatic Melanoma

DEFINITION

INTRODUCTION AND EPIDEMIOLOGY

ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS

CLINICAL SYNDROME

TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS

Sentinel lymph node

HISTOPATHOLOGY

ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

CYTOPATHOLOGY

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY

MOLECULAR FINDINGS

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Chapter 107: Metastatic Breast Carcinoma

DEFINITION

INTRODUCTION

EPIDEMIOLOGY

ETIOLOGY

PATHOGENESIS

LYMPH NODE METASTASES

False-negative assessment of lymph nodes

Sentinel lymph node biopsy

Molecular assessment of axillary lymph nodes

CLINICAL SYNDROME

Metastatic carcinoma in axillary lymph nodes without a detectable breast mass

TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS

HISTOPATHOLOGY

Effect of chemotherapy

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY

MOLECULAR FINDINGS

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Chapter 108: Metastatic Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

DEFINITION

EPIDEMIOLOGY

PATHOGENESIS

CLINICAL SYNDROME

TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS

HISTOPATHOLOGY

Other anatomic sites involved by nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinoma

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Chapter 109: Metastatic Thyroid Carcinoma

DEFINITION

INTRODUCTION

EPIDEMIOLOGY

ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS

Papillary carcinoma

Medullary carcinoma

CLINICAL SYNDROME

Papillary carcinoma

Medullary carcinoma

TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS

Papillary carcinoma

Medullary carcinoma

HISTOPATHOLOGY

Papillary carcinoma

Medullary carcinoma

CYTOPATHOLOGY

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY

MOLECULAR GENETICS

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Papillary carcinoma

Medullary carcinoma

IMMUNOPHENOTYPE

Chapter 110: Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma

DEFINITION

INTRODUCTION

EPIDEMIOLOGY

ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS

CLINICAL SYNDROME

TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS

HISTOPATHOLOGY

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

IMMUNOPHENOTYPE

Chapter 111: Metastatic Seminoma

DEFINITION

INTRODUCTION AND EPIDEMIOLOGY

PATHOGENESIS

CLINICAL SYNDROME

TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS

HISTOPATHOLOGY

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

IMMUNOPHENOTYPE

Chapter 112: Metastatic Prostate Carcinoma

DEFINITION

EPIDEMIOLOGY

ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS

LYMPH NODE METASTASES

CLINICAL SYNDROME

TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS

HISTOPATHOLOGY

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Chapter 113: Metastatic Mucinous Adenocarcinoma

DEFINITION

INTRODUCTION

Signet ring cell carcinoma

Mucinous carcinoma

HISTOPATHOLOGY

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Chapter 114: Metastatic Neuroendocrine Tumors

DEFINITION

INTRODUCTION AND EPIDEMIOLOGY

CLINICAL SYNDROME

Neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas

Treatment and prognosis

Neuroendocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal tract

Treatment and prognosis

Neuroendocrine tumors of the lungs

Treatment and prognosis

HISTOPATHOLOGY

High-grade neuroendocrine tumors

ELECTRON MICROSCOPY AND HISTOCHEMISTRY

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY

Well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors

Small-cell carcinoma

MOLECULAR FINDINGS

Well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors

Small-cell carcinoma

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF SMALL-CELL CARCINOMA

IMMUNOPHENOTYPE

Chapter 115: Metastatic Neuroblastoma

DEFINITION

INTRODUCTION AND EPIDEMIOLOGY

PATHOGENESIS

CLINICAL SYNDROME

TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS

HISTOPATHOLOGY

ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY

CYTOGENETICS AND MOLECULAR FINDINGS

OLFACTORY NEUROBLASTOMA

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

IMMUNOPHENOTYPE

Chapter 116: Metastatic Ewing Sarcoma

DEFINITION

HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION

EPIDEMIOLOGY

ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS

CLINICAL SYNDROME

TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS

HISTOPATHOLOGY

ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY

CYTOGENETICS AND MOLECULAR GENETICS

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

IMMUNOPHENOTYPE

Chapter 117: Metastatic Rhabdomyosarcoma

DEFINITION

EPIDEMIOLOGY

ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS

CLINICAL FINDINGS

Lymph node metastases

TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS

HISTOPATHOLOGY

Therapy effect

ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY

MOLECULAR FINDINGS

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Index

 

An aparitie	9 Oct. 2021
Autor	L. Jeffrey Medeiros
Dimensiuni	213 x 276 x 43 mm
Editura	LWW
Format	Hardcover
ISBN	9781451193572
Limba	Engleza
Nr pag	968
Versiune digitala	DA