Fischer’s Mastery of Surgery, 7e

Description:

Here are the core procedures every general surgeon needs to master, in step-by-step detail with commentary from experts in the field. In two full-color volumes, Fischer’s Mastery of Surgery, Seventh Edition includes the essentials of diagnosis, anatomy, and pre-operative planning while maintaining a focus on clear, step-by-step depictions and descriptions of procedures. This thoroughly revised edition brings you up to date with evidence-based approaches for virtually any surgery you’ll be called upon to perform.

 

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Table of Contents:

 

SECTION I Perioperative Care of the Surgical Patient

Chapter 1 Metabolic and Inflammatory Responses to Trauma and Infection

Introduction

Overview

Inflammatory Response

The Neuro-Immune Axis

Metabolic Alterations

Suggested Readings

Chapter 2 Perioperative Management: Practical Principles, Molecular Basis of Risk, and Future Directions

Introduction

Screening Tests in Generally Healthy Patients

Risk Assessment and Management in Patients with Chronic Medical Illness

Preoperative Behavioral Modification

Medication Management

Preoperative Specialty Consultation

Risk Reduction in the Immediate Perioperative Period

Surgical Checklist and Preoperative Timeout

Prevention of Deep Venous Thrombosis

Postoperative Ileus Prevention

Wound Infection

Intraoperative Resuscitation, Ventilation, and Temperature Management

Postoperative Risk Minimization

Clinical Pathways and Handoffs

Postoperative Monitoring and Management of Chronic Medical Illnesses

Early Mobilization

Introduction

Muscle Wasting in Surgical Patients

Clinical Consequences of Muscle Wasting

Acute Quadriplegic Myopathy

Diagnosis of Muscle Wasting

Mechanisms of Muscle Wasting

Proteolytic Mechanisms Involved in Muscle Breakdown

Transcription Factors and Muscle Wasting

Nuclear Cofactors and Muscle Wasting

Prevention and Treatment of Muscle Wasting

Ambulation and Exercise

Nutritional Intervention

Hormonal Treatment

Biologic Treatment

The Role of Albumin Measurement in Nutritional Support

Risk of Catheter-Related Blood Stream Infection

What is Needed for Total Energy Requirement

Caloric Requirements and the Calorie to Nitrogen Ratio

Patient Selection for TPN

General Indications for TPN

Placing a Central Venous Catheter

Suspected CLABSI

TPN Solutions

Management of TPN During Operation

Relationship Between TPN and Enteral Nutrition

Hepatic Failure

Renal Failure

Respiratory Failure

Cardiac Failure

Glutamine

Immunologically Active Solutions

Complications

Conclusion

Suggested Readings

Chapter 3 Enteral Nutrition Support

Introduction

Nutrition Assessment

Biochemical Assessment

Metabolic Alterations Following Insult

Energy and Protein Requirements

Macronutrients: Absorption and Utilization

Enteral Nutrition

Disease-Specific Formulations and Additives

Enteral Feeding Complications

Special Considerations in the Elective Perioperative Setting

Summary

Suggested Readings

Chapter 4 Cardiovascular Monitoring and Support

Physical Findings

Central Venous Catheters

Pulmonary Artery Catheters

Transesophageal Echocardiography

Cardiovascular Support

Inotropic Agents

Vasodilators

Vasopressors

Intra-Aortic Balloon Counterpulsation

Cardiovascular Risk

Suggested Readings

Chapter 5 Pulmonary Risk and Ventilatory Support

Introduction

Anatomy and Physiology

Pulmonary Mechanics and Lung Volumes

Preoperative Assessment

Preoperative Assessment of Pulmonary Risk

Prophylaxis for Venous Thromboembolism and Pulmonary Embolism

Diagnosis and Management of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia

Pathophysiology and Treatment of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Intraoperative Ventilatory Support

Postoperative Ventilatory Support

Liberation from Mechanical Ventilation

Airway Management

Management Strategies for Retained Hemothorax and Empyema

Suggested Readings

Chapter 6 Hemorrhagic Risk and Blood Components

Introduction

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation

Acute Traumatic Coagulopathy

Dilutional Coagulopathy

Inherited Coagulopathies

Coagulopathy of Liver Disease

Drug-Induced Coagulopathy and Reversal

Evaluation of Bleeding Risk

Packed Red Blood Cells

Fresh Frozen Plasma

Prothrombin Complex Concentrate

Platelets

Cryoprecipitate

Tranexamic Acid

Recombinant Factor VIIa

Desmopressin

Complications of Transfusion

Summary

Suggested Readings

Chapter 7 Perioperative Antimicrobial Prophylaxis and Treatment of Surgical Infection

Introduction

Principles of Prevention of Surgical Site Infection

Preoperative Antimicrobial Prophylaxis

Antimicrobial Stewardship

Guidelines on Prevention of Surgical Site Infection

Treatment of Surgical Infection

Conclusion

Suggested Readings

Chapter 8 Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome: Prevention and Clinical Management

Etiology and Pathophysiology

Management Strategies

Surgical Technique

Postoperative Care

Outcomes

Suggested Readings

Chapter 9 Immunosuppression in Organ Transplantation

Immune Recognition and Rejection

Rejection

Immunosuppression

Conclusions

Suggested Readings

Chapter 10 Surgeons and the Opioid Epidemic

Introduction

Brief History of Opioids

A Revolution in Pharmaceutical Advertising

Misconstrued Science

Paradigm Change

A Rapid Increase in Prescription Opioids

A Middle-America Problem

Opioids and the Surgeon

Approaches to Prevention

Approaches to Addiction Treatment

Harm Reductions Strategies

Multimodality Addiction Strategies

Maintaining Abstinence

Final Discussion

Conclusion

Acknowledgments

Suggested Readings

SECTION II Basic Surgical Skills: New and Emerging Technology

Chapter 11 Ventral Abdominal Hernia: Open and Minimally Invasive and Component Separation Release

Abdominal Wall Incisions

Types of Incisions

Selection of the Incision

Closure of the Incision

Intra-Abdominal Hypertension and Abdominal Compartment Syndrome

Open Ventral Hernia Repair Including Component Release

Patient Selection

Approach (Open or Laparoscopic)

Choice of Mesh Material

Location of Mesh Placement

Specific Hernias

Incisional Hernias

Types of Repairs

Component Separation

Laparoscopic Ventral Hernia Repair

Special Considerations

Outcomes

Summary

Suggested Readings

Chapter 12 Laparoscopic Suturing and Stapling

Background

Loop Ligature

Suturing Instrumentation

Extracorporeal KNOT

Intracorporeal KNOT

Mechanical Suturing Deivces

Laparoscopic Suturing Simulation and Training

Stapling in Laparoscopy

Conclusions

Suggested Readings

Chapter 13 Ultrasonography by Surgeons

Indications for Intraoperative Ultrasound

Basic Physics: The Piezoelectric Effect

Instrumentation

Scanning Techniques

Open Intraoperative Ultrasound

Laparoscopic Ultrasound

Ultrasound-Guided Procedures

Training in Surgical Ultrasound

Conclusions

Suggested Readings

Chapter 14 Tumor Ablation: Technologies and Clinical Applications

Introduction

Potential Benefits of Tumor Ablation

Technologies used for Tumor Ablation

Tumor Ablation in Clinical Practice

Conclusions

Suggested Readings

Chapter 15 Upper and Lower Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

Introduction

Indications and Contraindications for Digestive Endoscopy

Instrumentation

Advanced Imaging in Endoscopy

Conclusion

Suggested Readings

Chapter 16 Soft Tissue Reconstruction with Flap Techniques

Introduction

General Principles for Coverage of Soft Tissue Wounds

Soft Tissue Flap Techniques

Suggested Readings

Chapter 17 Hand Surgery: Traumatic and Infectious Emergencies

Introduction

High-Yield Hand, Wrist And Forearm Anatomy

Clinical Presentation and Hand Examination

Preoperative Planning and Management of Hand Trauma Patients

Vascular Compromise: Amputation, Replantation, and Revascularization

Emergent Infections: Flexor Tenosynovitis, Septic Arthritis, Deep Space Infections

High-Pressure Injections

Compartment Syndromes

References

Chapter 18 Robotic Surgery

Introduction

Robotic Platforms and Evolution

Equipment and Setup Fundamentals

Robotic System Summary

General Surgery

Conclusion

Suggested Readings

Chapter 19 Surgical Energy

Introduction

Types of Energy in the Operating Room

The Eight Reproducible Patterns of Electrosurgical Injury

Special Considerations

Conclusion

Suggested Readings

SECTION III The Head and Neck

Chapter 20 Anatomy of the Head and Neck

Surface Anatomy

Structure of the Neck

Root of the Neck

Triangles of the Neck

Viscera of the Neck

Superficial Venous System

Lymphatic Pathways of the Neck

Suggested Readings

Chapter 21 Surgery of the Major Salivary Glands

Introduction

Anatomy

Clinical, Radiologic, and Pathologic Evaluation

Indications for Surgery

Surgical Technique

Submandibular Triangle Dissection

Revision Surgery

Suggested Readings

Chapter 22 Anatomy of the Parotid Gland, Submandibular Triangle, and Floor of the Mouth

Anatomy of the Parotid Gland

Anatomy of the Suprahyoid Portion of the Anterior Triangle

Anatomy of the Submandibular Triangle

Anatomy of the Submental Triangle

Anatomy of the Floor of the Mouth

Suggested Readings

Chapter 23 Lip Reconstruction

Anatomy

Reconstruction of Lip Defects

Principles of Lip Reconstruction

Vermillion Defects and Premalignant Lesions

Upper Lip Defect Less than 30% of Lip Length

Lower Lip Defect Less than 30% of Lip Length

Upper Lip Defect from 30% to 60% of Lip Length

Lower Lip Defect from 30% to 60% of Lip Length

Upper or Lower Lip Defects Greater than 66%

Summary

Suggested Readings

Chapter 24 Surgery for Cancer of the Oral Cavity

Incidence, Mortality, and Etiology

Anatomy and Clinical Presentation

Staging and Diagnostic Work-Up

Treatment

Site-Specific Surgical Management

Postoperative Care

Complications

Suggested Readings

Chapter 25 Neck Dissection

Anatomy of the Cervical Lymphatics

Staging System for Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Neck

Nodal Factors Affecting Prognosis

Risk Factors for Nodal Metastasis

Patterns of Nodal Metastases

Classification of Neck Dissection and Indications for Neck Dissection

Technique of Neck Dissection

Comprehensive Modified Neck Dissection: Type 1 (CMND Type 1)

Selective Neck Dissection

Suggested Readings

Chapter 26 Congenital Lesions: Thyroglossal Duct Cysts, Branchial Cleft Anomalies, and Cystic Hygromas

Thyroglossal Duct Cyst

Branchial Cleft Anomalies

Lymphatic Malformations

Suggested Readings

Chapter 27 Vascular Anomalies of Infancy and Childhood

Introduction

Vascular Tumors

Vascular Malformations

Suggested Readings

Chapter 28 Surgical Treatment of Laryngeal Cancer: A Legacy of Minimally Invasive Innovation and The Preservation of Airway, Swallowing, and Vocal Function

Introduction

History and Development of Glottic Cancer Treatment: The 19th Century

The Early Cures for Laryngeal Cancer

History and Development of Glottic Cancer Treatment: The 20th Century

Glottic Cancer

Supraglottic Carcinoma

Summary

Suggested Readings

Chapter 29 Surgical Treatment of Pharyngeal Cancer

Nasopharynx

Oropharynx

Hypopharynx

Suggested Readings

Chapter 30 Malignant Melanoma and Skin Cancer

Introduction

Pathogenesis

Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis

Biopsy Confirmation

Local Staging

Treatment of the Primary Lesion and Surgical Technique

Lymph Node Considerations

New Systemic Treatments and Advanced Disease

Disease Recurrence

The Unknown Primary

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

The Future

Suggested Readings

Chapter 31 Melanoma

Epidemiology

Genetics

Workup of Suspicious Lesions

Clinical Stage and Treatment

Adjuvant Therapy for Stage III Melanoma

Special Situations

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Suggested Readings

Chapter 32 Inguinal Lymph Node Dissection: Indications and Surgical Technique

Suggested Readings

Chapter 33 Evaluation and Repair of Common Facial Injuries

Introduction

Initial Evaluation

Radiologic Evaluation

Treatment of Facial Soft Tissue Injuries

Soft Tissue Injuries to the Eye, Orbit, and Lacrimal Apparatus

Injuries to the External Ear and Nose

Management of Facial Fractures

Postoperative Management

Conclusions

Suggested Readings

Chapter 34 Resection and Reconstruction of the Trachea

Introduction

Indications

Preoperative Planning

Anesthesia

Surgical Technique

Postoperative Management and Complications of Tracheal Resections

Results

Suggested Readings

Chapter 35 Penetrating Neck Injuries

Anatomy

Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis

Preoperative Planning

Surgical Technique

Treatment

Postoperative Management and Complications

Suggested Readings

Chapter 36 Neurosurgical and Neurologic Emergencies for Surgeons

Traumatic and Nontraumatic Head and Brain Injury

Initial Data Evaluation

Initial Treatment Plan in the ER

Diagnostic Studies

Indications for Surgical Intervention

Nontraumatic Emergencies

Suggested Readings

Chapter 37 Tracheotomy

Introduction

Open Surgical Tracheotomy

Acknowledgment

Suggested Readings

SECTION IV Endocrine Surgery

Chapter 38 Surgical Anatomy of the Thyroid, Parathyroid, and Adrenal Glands

Embryology

Anatomy

Vascular Anatomy

Embryology

Surgical Anatomy

Embryology

Anatomy

Anatomy Important to Various Surgical Approaches

Special Considerations

Suggested Readings

Chapter 39 Biopsy, Lobectomy, Total Thyroidectomy, and Lymph Node Dissection for Thyroid Cancer

Etiology and Pathophysiology

Clinical Presentation

Surgical Indications and Contraindications

Preoperative Planning

Surgical Technique

Postoperative Care

Complications and Their Management

Outcomes

Suggested Readings

Chapter 40 Comprehensive Parathyroidectomy for the Treatment of PHPT, Including Intraoperative Parathyroid Hormone Assay–Guided Parathyroidectomy

Introduction

Anatomy and Pathophysiology

Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis

Indications for Parathyroidectomy

Preoperative Planning

Surgical Technique

Postoperative Care

Outcomes

Conclusions

Suggested Readings

Chapter 41 Minimally Invasive Parathyroidectomy

Background

Indications

Preoperative Planning

Regional Block Anesthesia Technique

Surgical Technique and Results

Intraoperative PTH

Challenging Patients

Postoperative Care

Results and Complications

Suggested Readings

References

Chapter 42 Secondary and Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism

Etiology

Clinical Manifestations

Medical Management

Indications for Surgery

Preoperative Imaging

Surgical Approaches

Intraoperative Parathyroid Hormone Monitoring

Suggested Readings

Chapter 43 Transsternal, Transcervical, and Minimally Invasive Thymectomy for Benign and Malignant Disease

History of Surgery of the Thymus Gland

Etiology and Pathophysiology

Clinical Presentation

Indications and Contraindications

Preoperative Planning

Surgical Technique

Transcervical Thymectomy

Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Thymectomy

Robotic Thymectomy

Postoperative Care

Outcomes

Suggested Readings

Chapter 44 Adrenalectomy—Minimally Invasive and Open

Etiology and Pathophysiology

Clinical Presentation

Preoperative Planning

Surgical Technique

Postoperative Care

Suggested Readings

Chapter 45 Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors

Etiology and Pathophysiology

PanNET Staging

Metastatic Disease

Insulinomas

Gastrinomas

Glucagonomas

Nonfunctioning PanNETs

Surgical Management of PanNETs

Postoperative Care/Complications

Outcomes

Suggested Readings

SECTION V The Breast, Chest, and Mediastinum

Chapter 46 Embryology and Anatomy of the Breast

Functional Anatomy of the Breast

Anatomy of the Axilla

Blood Supply of the Breast

Innervation of the Breast

Lymphatic Drainage of the Breast

Microscopic Anatomy of the Breast

Suggested Readings

Chapter 47 Benign Disease and Breast Pain

What is Benign Breast Disease

Breast Pain

Suggested Readings

Chapter 48 Diagnostic Approach to Breast Abnormalities

History and Physical Examination

Imaging

Diagnostic Biopsy

Summary

Suggested Readings

Chapter 49 Breast-Conserving Surgery

Breast-Conserving Surgery in Invasive Breast Cancer

Indications and Contraindications to Breast-Conserving Treatment

Clinical and Pathologic Factors

Preoperative Planning

Surgical Technique of Wide Local Excision

Placing Markers After Breast-Conserving Surgery

Available Techniques for Wide Local Excision of Central Tumors

Technique of Excising Impalpable Cancers

Breast-Conserving Surgery After Neoadjuvant Therapy

Postoperative Complications

Indications for Reexcision

Recurrence After Breast-Conserving Surgery

Management of Carcinoma in Situ and Proliferative Lesions of the Breast

Axillary Surgery

Management of the Involved Axilla

Postoperative Complications

Postoperative Management Following Breast-Conserving Surgery or Axillary Surgery

Follow-Up

Suggested Readings

Chapter 50 Radiation Treatment, Whole and Partial Breast and Intraoperative Irradiation

Overview and Historical Perspective

Whole Breast Irradiation

Partial Breast Irradiation

Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation

Intraoperative Partial Breast Irradiation

Chapter 51 Ablative Techniques for Benign and Malignant Breast Tumors

Introduction

Indications and Contraindications

Preablation Planning

Ablative Techniques and Outcomes

Summary and Future Directions

Suggested Readings

Chapter 52 Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Breast Cancer

Introduction

Indications and Contraindications

Surgical Technique

Complications

Future Directions

Summary

Suggested Readings

Chapter 53 Lymphedema—Pathophysiology, Prevention, and Treatment

Etiology and Pathophysiology

Risk Factors

Diagnosing Lymphedema

Staging and Early Detection

Prevention

Treatment

Suggested Readings

Chapter 54 Modified Radical Mastectomy and Radical Mastectomy

Mastectomy Indications

Modified Radical Mastectomy: Surgical Technique

Reconstruction of the Breast and Chest Wall Following MRM

Introduction

Indications/Contraindications for the Halsted Radical Mastectomy

Operative Planning

Surgery Positioning

Technique

Alternative Closure of Flap Defects

Suggested Readings

Chapter 55 Oncoplastic Techniques for Breast Conservation Surgery

Etiology/Pathophysiology

Clinical

Indications/Contraindications

Preoperative Planning

Surgical Techniques

Postoperative Care

Complications

Outcomes

Suggested Readings

Chapter 56 Breast Reconstruction Following Mastectomy

The Ideal Total Mastectomy

Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy

Partial Mastectomy

Modified Radical Mastectomy with Extensive Skin Excision

Radical Mastectomy

Mastectomy and Radiation

Historical Developments

Primary Closure

Skin Grafting

Early Flaps

Silicone Breast Implants

Tissue Expansion

Myocutaneous Flaps

Autogenous Myocutaneous Flaps

Free Tissue Transfers

Contralateral Prophylactic Mastectomy

Implants and Expanders

Implants and Expanders and Acellular Dermal Matrix

Latissimus Dorsi Myocutaneous Flap

Transverse Rectus Abdominis Musculocutaneous Flap

Conventional Tram Flap

Free Tram

Reconstruction with Fat Grafting

Oncoplastic Reconstructive Surgery

Opposite Breast Considerations

Nipple Reconstruction

Delayed Reconstruction

Immediate Reconstruction

Suggested Readings

Chapter 57 Chest Wall Resection and Reconstruction for Advanced/Recurrent Carcinoma of the Breast

Indications/Contraindications

Preoperative Planning

Surgery Positioning and Incisions

Technique of Resection

Flap Reconstruction

Postoperative Management

Complications

Results

Conclusions

Suggested Readings

Chapter 58 Clinical Trials and Follow-Up for Breast Cancer

Primary Surgical Therapy for Invasive Breast Cancer

Introduction

Primary Surgical Therapy for Noninvasive Breast Cancer

Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Trials

Axillary Lymph Node Staging for Patients with Breast Cancer

Conclusion

Suggested Readings

Chapter 59 The Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator Flap for Breast Reconstruction

Introduction

Indications

Preoperative Planning

Anatomy

Surgical Technique

Postoperative Management

Conclusion

Chapter 60 Applied Anatomy of the Chest Wall and Mediastinum

Chest Wall

Mediastinum

Suggested Readings

Chapter 61 Thoracic Trauma

Introduction

Initial Evaluation

ED Thoracotomy (EDT)

Secondary Evaluation and Definitive Diagnosis

Indication for Urgent Operative Intervention

Choice of Incision

Chestwall Injuries

Lung Injuries

Cardiac Injuries

Tracheobronchial Injuries

Esophageal Injuries

Great Vessel Injuries

Traumatic Aortic Rupture

Retained Hemothorax and Posttraumatic Empyema

Conclusion

Suggested Readings

Chapter 62 Pulmonary Resection

History

Epidemiology

Staging of NSCLC

Preoperative Evaluation

Treatment

Anesthetic Considerations

Principles of Pulmonary Resection

Open Lobectomy

Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery

Pneumonectomy

Conclusions and General Considerations

Acknowledgments

Suggested Readings

SECTION VI The Diaphragm

Chapter 63 Surgical Anatomy of the Diaphragm

Embryogenesis

Congenital Anomalies

Anatomy

Openings of the Diaphragm

Diaphragmatic, Pleural, and Mediastinal Relations

Peritoneal Attachments on the Inferior Surface of the Diaphragm

Vascularization of the Diaphragm

Lymphatic Drainage of the Diaphragm

Nerve Supply to the Diaphragm

Celiac Ganglia

Acknowledgments

Suggested Readings

Chapter 64 Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia

Introduction

Embryology

Associated Anomalies

Prenatal Care

Pathophysiology

Surgical Repair

Long-Term Outcomes

Right-Sided Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia

Morgagni Hernia

Conclusion

Suggested Readings

Chapter 65 Eventration of the Diaphragm

Anatomy

Clinical Presentation

Diagnosis

Treatment

Indications

Surgical Technique

Postoperative Management

Complications

Conclusion

Suggested Readings

Chapter 66 Traumatic Injury to the Diaphragm

Anatomy

Etiology and Pathophysiology

Clinical Presentation

Diagnosis

Treatment

Indications and Contraindications

Preoperative Planning

Surgical Technique

Postoperative Care

Complications and Their Management

Summary

Suggested Readings

Chapter 67 Paraesophageal Hernia—Open Repair

Anatomy

Clinical Presentation

Diagnosis

Treatment

Indications

Preoperative Planning

Surgical Technique

Postoperative Management

Complications

Outcomes

Suggested Readings

Chapter 68 Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Infants and Children

Etiology and Pathophysiology

Clinical Presentation

Indications and Contraindications

Preoperative Planning

Surgical Technique

Postoperative Care

Complications and Their Management

Outcomes

Suggested Readings

SECTION VII The Gastrointestinal Tract

PART A The Esophagus

Chapter 69 The Anatomy of the Esophagus

Embryology

Gross Anatomy

The Esophageal Sphincters

Tissue Architecture

Arterial Supply

Venous Drainage

Lymphatic Drainage

Nerve Supply

Anatomical Relations

Suggested Readings

Chapter 70 Transthoracic Antireflux Procedures

Principles of an Antireflux Repair

Indications for the Thoracic Approach

Surgical Technique

Suggested Readings

Chapter 71 Laparoscopic Esophagectomy

Introduction

Indications

Surgical Technique

Results

Complications

Alternative Approaches

Conclusion

Suggested Readings

Chapter 72 Nissen–Rossetti Antireflux Fundoplication (Open Procedure)

Indications

Preoperative Planning

Surgical Technique

Postoperative Care

Technique for Large Hiatal Hernia

Additional Procedures

Reoperative Surgery

Complications

Outcomes

Conclusions

Suggested Readings

Chapter 73 Modified Hill Repair for Gastroesophageal Reflux

Indications and Preoperative Planning

Open Hill Operation: Surgical Technique

Results

Laparoscopic Hill Operation: Surgical Technique

Discussion

Suggested Readings

Chapter 74 Laparoscopic Antireflux Surgery

Introduction

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Laparoscopic Antireflux Surgery

Laparoscopic Partial Fundoplications

Results of Laparoscopic Antireflux Surgery

Complications/Avoiding Pitfalls

Reoperative Surgery

Laparoscopic Magnetic Sphincter Augmentation

Conclusions

Suggested Readings

Chapter 75 Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy for Achalasia and Endoluminal Approaches for GERD

Introduction

Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy

Endoluminal Treatments for GERD

Esophyx Transoral Incisionless Fundoplication

Stretta

Medigus Ultrasonic Surgical Endostapler

Conclusion

Suggested Readings

Chapter 76 Minimally Invasive Treatment of Achalasia and Other Esophageal Dysmotility

Anatomy/Physiology

Clinical Presentation

Diagnosis

Treatment/Indications

Preoperative Preparation

Laparoscopic Esophagocardiomyotomy

Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Esophagomyotomy

Thoracoscopic Esophagomyotomy

Per-Oral Endoscopic Myotomy (POEM)

Postoperative Care

Primary Esophageal Motility Disorder (PEMD)

Hypertensive Lower Esophageal Sphincter

Conclusion

Suggested Readings

Chapter 77 Esophagogastrectomy for Carcinoma of the Esophagus

Etiology and Pathophysiology

Clinical Presentation

Indications and Contraindications for Resection

Preoperative Planning

Surgical Technique

Perioperative Care

Complications and Their Management

Outcome

Suggested Readings

Chapter 78 Transhiatal Esophagectomy Without Thoracotomy

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Indications and Contraindications

Patient Selection and Preoperative Preparation

Surgical Technique

Postoperative Care

Complications and Their Management

Outcomes

Suggested Readings

Chapter 79 Esophageal Perforation

Introduction

Etiology

Other Noniatrogenic Perforations

Pathophysiology

Clinical Presentation

Diagnosis

Preoperative Planning

Surgical Techniques

Endoscopic Management

Endoscopic Stenting

Endoscopic Defect Closure

Endoscopic Enteral Access

Endoscopic Vacuum-Assisted Devices

Surgical Management

Postoperative Care

Complications and Their Management

Outcomes

Suggested Readings

Chapter 80 Repair of Esophageal Atresia and Tracheoesophageal Fistula

Etiology

Clinical Presentation

Preoperative Planning

Surgical Technique—Thoracoscopic Approach for EA/TEF

Surgical Technique—Open Approach for EA/TEF

Postoperative Care

Complications and Their Management

Esophageal Atresia Without a Fistula

H-Type TEF

Outcomes

Suggested Readings

Chapter 81 Pathology and Treatment of Zenker Diverticulum

Etiology and Pathophysiology

Clinical Presentation

Evaluation and Preoperative Planning

Surgery

Postoperative Management

Results

Suggested Readings

PART B The Stomach and Duodenum

Chapter 82 Anatomic Considerations in Gastroduodenal Surgery

Introduction

Embryology of the Stomach, Duodenum, Omenta, and Other Gastric Peritoneal Ligaments

Congenital Anomalies of the Stomach and Duodenum

Gastroduodenal Junction

Peritoneal Relations of the Stomach and Duodenum

Surgical Considerations of Peritoneal Reflections Around the Stomach and Duodenum

Vascular Supply of the Stomach and Omentum

Arteries

Vascular Supply of the Duodenum

Veins

Lymphatics

Innervation of the Stomach and Duodenum

Innervation of the Great Omentum

Innervation of the Duodenum

Acknowledgments

Suggested Readings

Chapter 83 Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy

Introduction

Indications and Contraindications

Technique

Potential Complications

Expanded Applications of PEG Technique

Conclusion

Suggested Readings

Chapter 84 Distal Gastrectomy with Billroth I or Billroth II Reconstruction

Historical Note

Arguments in Favor of BI Gastrectomy

Arguments in Favor of BII Gastrectomy or Ry Reconstruction

Indications of Partial Gastrectomy

Surgical Technique: BI Gastrectomy

Surgical Technique: BII Gastrectomy

Surgical Technique: Ry Gastrojejunostomy

Surgical Technique: Subtotal Gastrectomy

Postoperative Care

Postoperative Complications

Results and Postoperative Disease

Suggested Readings

Chapter 85 Selective Vagotomy, Antrectomy, and Gastroduodenostomy for the Treatment of Duodenal Ulcer

Surgical Technique

General Principles

Open Anastomosis

Drainage

Adequacy of Resection

Protection of Vital Structures

Avoidance of Mass Ligatures

Removal of Ulcer

Technical Procedure

Incision

Abdominal Exploration

Selective Vagotomy

Selective Technique

Freeing of the Greater Curvature

Mobilization of the Duodenum

Strauss Maneuver for Division of the Duodenum

Division of the Gastrohepatic Omentum and Left Gastric Vessels

Resection

Closure of the Schoemaker Suture Line

Anastomosis

Wound Closure

Suggested Readings

Chapter 86 Selective and Nonselective Vagotomies

Introduction

Indications

Anatomy

Surgical Technique

Postoperative Care

Complications

Outcomes

Suggested Readings

Chapter 87 Duodenal Ulcer Disease: Pathogenesis and Management of Complications

Introduction

Etiology and Pathogenesis

Complications of Peptic Ulcer Disease

Surgical Treatment

Choice of Operation

Choice of Incision

Surgical Technique

Perforated Duodenal Ulcer

Diagnosis

Risk Stratification

Treatment

Outcome and Prognosis

Laparoscopic Management of Perforated Duodenal Ulcer

Giant Duodenal Ulcers

Gastric Outlet Obstruction: Pyloroplasty and Gastrojejunostomy

Indications for Gastric Drainage Procedures

Choice of Drainage Operation

Technique: Loop Gastrojejunostomy

Technique: Roux Gastrojejunostomy and Braun Enteroenterostomy

Postoperative Management and Complications

Summary

Suggested Readings

Chapter 88 Gastric Cancer

Preoperative Planning

Surgical Considerations

Extent of Luminal Resection

Extent of Lymph Node Dissection

Extent of Adjacent Organ Resection

Surgical Technique

Reconstruction

Postoperative Care

Complications

Outcomes

Suggested Readings

Chapter 89 Distal Gastrectomy with Roux-en-y Reconstruction and Laparoscopic Gastrectomy

History

Indications of Distal Gastrectomy

Preoperative Planning

Surgical Technique

Postoperative Care

Postoperative Complications

Dumping Syndrome

Roux Stasis Syndrome

Postvagotomy Diarrhea

Biliary Reflux and Afferent Loop Syndrome

Vagotomy

Suggested Readings

Chapter 90 Postgastrectomy Syndromes in the Current Era

Introduction

General Review of Relevant Operations

Chapter 91 Congenital Pyloric Stenosis and Duodenal Obstruction

Congenital Pyloric Stenosis (Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis)

Operative Technique

Operative Pitfalls and Complications

Postoperative Care

Duodenal Obstruction

Operative Technique

Malrotation and Midgut Volvulus

Suggested Readings

Chapter 92 Diabetes and Other Metabolic Diseases

Introduction

Diabetes

Other Metabolic Diseases

Indications and Contraindications for Surgery

Common Surgical Operations for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases

Mechanisms of Metabolic Change by Surgery

Outcomes of Metabolic Operations

Novel Operations for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders

Conclusions

Suggested Readings

Chapter 93 Vascular Compression of the Duodenum

History

Anatomy

Clinical Presentation

Diagnosis

Management

Surgical Technique

Suggested Readings

PART C Bariatric and Metabolic Diseases

Chapter 94 Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors

Etiology and Pathophysiology

Clinical Presentation

Preoperative Planning

Surgical Technique

Postoperative Care

Outcomes

Suggested Readings

Chapter 95 The Laparoscopic Gastric Band Technique of Placement

Introduction

Perioperative Management

Preoperative Assessment

Surgical Technique

Suggested Readings

Chapter 96 Revision and Conversion of Vertical Banded Gastroplasty

Etiology and Pathophysiology

Clinical Presentation

Preoperative Planning

Indications and Contraindications

Surgical Techniques

Postoperative Care

Complications and Their Management

Outcomes

Suggested Readings

Chapter 97 Laparoscopic Gastric Bypass

Introduction

History

Candidates for Laparoscopic Gastric Bypass and Patient Selection

Mechanism of Action

Technique

Postoperative Management

Weight Loss and Resolution of Comorbidities

Summary

Suggested Readings

Chapter 98 Laparoscopic Gastric Sleeve

Introduction

History of LSG

Indications and Contraindications

Preoperative Planning

Surgical Technique

Postoperative Care

Complications and Their Management

Outcomes

Conclusions

Suggested Readings

Chapter 99 Laparoscopic Biliopancreatic Diversion with Duodenal Switch

Introduction

History of the Procedure

Indications and Contraindications

Preoperative Planning

Laparoscopic BPD-DS Operative Technique

Postoperative Care

Complications and Their Management

Results

Conclusion

Suggested Readings

Chapter 100 Endobarrier for the Treatment of Morbid Obesity and Type II Diabetes

Introduction

Duodenal–Jejunal Bypass Liner

Indications

Patient Selection

Preimplantation Preparation

Implantation Technique

Potential Complications During Implantation

Postimplantation Management

Explantation Technique

Efficacy

Adverse Events

Summary

Suggested Readings

Chapter 101 Revisional Bariatric Surgery

Introduction

Revisions and Conversions for Complications

Revisions for Weight Recidivism and Weight-Related Comorbid Disease

Summary

Suggested Readings

Chapter 102 Management of Complications of Gastric Bypass and Repair

Introduction

Early Complications

Late Complications

Conclusion

Suggested Readings

PART D The Liver and Biliary Tract

Chapter 103 Surgical Anatomy of the Liver and Bile Ducts

Introduction

Surface Anatomy of the Liver

Segmental Anatomy of the Liver

Anatomy of Hepatic Veins

Anatomy of the Hepatic Hilum

Anatomy of Caudate Lobe

Suggested Readings

Chapter 104 Diagnostic Considerations in Biliary and Liver Disease

Clinical Presentation

Biliary Disease

Biliary Obstruction

Liver Mass

Solid Liver Lesions

Malignant Tumors

Liver Metastasis from Primary of Another Origin

Hepatobiliary Disease in the Pregnant Patient

Suggested Readings

Chapter 105 Approaches to Drainage of Hepatic, Perihepatic, and Subhepatic Abscesses

Pyogenic Liver Abscess

Amebic Liver Abscess

Subphrenic and Subhepatic Abscesses

Suggested Readings

Chapter 106 Echinococcal Cyst—Open and Laparoscopic Approach

The Liver Echinococcal Cyst

The Liver Hydatid Cyst

Clinical Presentation

Diagnosis of Liver Hydatidosis

Management of Echinococcal Cysts

Indications and Contraindications for Open Surgery

Preoperative Planning

Open Surgical Techniques in Cystic Echinococcosis

Complications and Results

Suggested Readings

Chapter 107 Hepatic Resection for Primary and Metastatic Tumors

Introduction

Indications and Contraindications

Preoperative Planning

Surgical Technique

Postoperative Care

Complications and Their Management

Outcomes

Suggested Readings

Chapter 108 Treatment of Major Hepatic Trauma

Anatomy

Pathophysiology

Diagnosis

Nonoperative Management

Initial Operative Approach

Surgical Technique

Postoperative Management and Complications

Suggested Readings

Chapter 109 Cholecystostomy, Cholecystectomy, and Intraoperative Evaluation of the Biliary Tree

Introduction

Surgical Anatomy

Clinical Presentation

Diagnosis and Treatment

Indications

Postoperative Management

Suggested Readings

Chapter 110 Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy, Intraoperative Cholangiography, and Common Bile Duct Exploration

Introduction

Etiology and Pathophysiology

Clinical Presentation, Indications and Contraindications

Preoperative Planning

Anesthesia

Surgical Technique

Additional Operative Maneuvers

Postoperative Care

Complications and Their Management

Summary

Suggested Readings

Chapter 111 Reconstruction of the Bile Duct: Anatomic Principles and Surgical Techniques

History

Indications for Bile Duct Reconstruction

Hepatic Hilar Area; The Plate System

Biliary Anatomy and Anomalies of Importance in Bile Duct Reconstruction

Iatrogenic Bile Duct Injuries

Surgical Techniques

Suggested Readings

Chapter 112 Current Application of Endoscopic Sphincterotomy, Lateral Choledochoduodenostomy, and Transduodenal Sphincteroplasty

Introduction

Anatomy of the Distal Common Bile Duct and Pancreatic Duct

Physiology of the ODDI Sphincter

Pathophysiology

Indications

Outcome

Surgical Technique

Surgical Technique

Postoperative Management

Summary

Suggested Readings

Chapter 113 Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

Introduction

Epidemiology and Associated Conditions

Etiology/Pathophysiology

Clinical Presentation

Biliary Malignancy in PSC

Management

Postoperative Care and Complications

Outcomes

Summary

Suggested Readings

Chapter 114 High Malignant Biliary Tract Obstruction

Etiology and Pathophysiology

Clinical Presentation

Indications and Contraindications

Preoperative Planning

Surgical Techniques

Palliative Procedures

Liver Transplantation

Postoperative Care

Complications and Their Management

Adjuvant Therapies

Outcomes

Summary

Suggested Readings

Chapter 115 Cholecystojejunostomy and Choledocho/Hepaticojejunostomy

Cholecystojejunostomy

Choledochojejunostomy/Hepaticojejunostomy

Preoperative Evaluation

Preoperative Planning

Surgical Technique

Laparoscopy

Postoperative Care

Suggested Readings

Chapter 116 Operative Treatment for Choledochal Cysts

Introduction

Etiology and Pathophysiology

Classification

Clinical Presentation

Malignancy

Diagnosis

Treatment

Outcomes

Suggested Readings

Chapter 117 Biliary Atresia—Portoenterostomy

Etiology

Anatomic Classification

Clinical Classification

Diagnostic Evaluation

Operative Procedure

Confirming the Diagnosis

Initial Fibrous Remnant Dissection

Extended Lateral Dissection

Division of the Fibrous Mass

Enteric Drainage

Laparoscopic Portoenterostomy

Postoperative Care

Indications for Reoperation

Outcome Following Kasai Portoenterostomy

Conclusion

Suggested Readings

Chapter 118 Liver Transplantation

Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute and Chronic Liver Injury

Clinical Presentation of Liver Failure

Indications and Contraindications for Liver Transplantation

Preoperative Planning

Surgical Techniques

Induction and Maintenance Immunosuppression

Posttransplant Outcomes

Suggested Readings

Chapter 119 Special Comment: The Unfinished Legacy of Liver Transplantation

Research and Development Opportunities

The Relation of Alloengraftment to Acquired Immune Tolerance

Tolerance from the Infection Perspective

The Boundary Between Immunity and Tolerance

Therapeutic Implications

A Need for Closure

Conclusion

Suggested Readings

Chapter 120 The Associating Liver Partition and Portal Vein Ligation for Staged Hepatectomy (ALPPS) Approach

Background and Pathophysiology

Indications and Contraindications

Preoperative Planning

Surgical Technique

Postoperative Care

Complications and Their Management

Outcomes

Conclusions

Suggested Readings

PART E The Pancreas

Chapter 121 Surgical Anatomy of the Pancreas

Surgical Anatomy of the Pancreas

Embryology

Congenital Anomalies

Peritoneal Relations of the Pancreas

Parts of the Pancreas

Pancreatic Ducts

Vascular System

Nerve Supply of the Pancreas

Acknowledgment

Suggested Readings

Chapter 122 Selection of Surgical Therapy for Chronic Pancreatitis

Introduction

Background

Patient Selection and Preparation for Surgery

Surgical Procedures, Selection, and Outcomes

Conclusions

Suggested Readings

Chapter 123 Operative Interventions for Chronic Pancreatitis

Indications for Operative Intervention

Preoperative Evaluation

Surgical Technique—Overview

Surgical Outcomes

Summary

Suggested Readings

Chapter 124 Parenchyma-Sparing, Limited Partial and Total Pancreatic Head Resection for Inflammatory Tumor, Cystic Neoplasia, Neuroendocrine Adenoma, and Low-Risk Periampullary Malignant Tumor

Diagnostic Make-Up

Indication for Duodenum-Preserving Partial or Total Pancreatic Head Resection

Surgical Technique

Suggested Readings

Chapter 125 Necrosectomy for Acute Necrotizing Pancreatitis

Introduction

Clinical Presentation

Initial Management

Management of Pancreatic Necrosis

Percutaneous CT-Guided Catheter Drainage and the “Step-Up” Approach

Endoscopic Transluminal Drainage and Necrosectomy

Minimally Invasive Surgical Necrosectomy

Open Necrosectomy

Conclusions

Suggested Readings

Chapter 126 Management of Complications of Acute and Chronic Pancreatitis: Endoscopic, Laparoscopic, and Open Approaches to Pancreatic Pseudocysts and Pancreatic Necrosis

Choice of Treatment for Pancreatic Pseudocyst

Endoscopic Drainage

Indications

Technique

Laparoscopic Drainage

Suggested Readings

Chapter 127 Pancreaticoduodenectomy and Total Pancreatectomy for Cancer

Pretreatment Diagnostic Evaluation

Pancreaticoduodenectomy

Pancreatic Resection

Pancreatic, Biliary, and Gastrointestinal Reconstruction

Pylorus Preservation

Total Pancreatectomy

Perioperative Management and Complications

Summary

Acknowledgments

Suggested Readings

Chapter 128 Operative Management of Pancreatic Trauma

Anatomy

Etiology and Pathophysiology

Clinical Presentation

Diagnosis

Nonoperative Management

Preoperative Preparation

Surgical Technique

Postoperative Management

Complications and Results

Suggested Readings

Chapter 129 Splanchnic Denervation of the Pancreas for Intractable Pain

Introduction

Anatomy

Pain Management and Indications for Splanchnic Denervation of the Pancreas

Operative Techniques

Conclusion

Suggested Readings

PART F Introduction to Portal Hypertension

Chapter 130 Anatomy of the Portal System and Experience with Portacaval Shunt

Introduction

Descriptive Anatomy

Applied Anatomy

Author’s Experience with Portacaval Shunt

Exploding Some Myths

Pancreaticoduodenectomy

Hepatic Resection

Imaging Portal Anatomy

Suggested Readings

Chapter 131 Small-Diameter Prosthetic Interposition Shunt

Operative Indications for Small-Diameter Prosthetic H-Graft Portacaval Shunts

Surgical Technique

Suggested Readings

Chapter 132 Distal Splenorenal Shunts: Hemodynamics of Total Versus Selective Shunting

Introduction

Indications

Preoperative Planning

Surgical Technique

Modification of the DSRS Operation

Postoperative Management

Questions Frequently Asked About the Selective Shunt

Postoperative Management

Suggested Readings

Chapter 133 Central Splenorenal Shunts

Introduction

Central Splenorenal Shunt

Suggested Readings

Chapter 134 Endoscopic Therapy in the Management of Esophageal Varices

Portal Hypertension

Management of Acute Variceal Bleeding

Pharmacologic Therapy

Failed Emergency Endoscopic Therapy

Balloon Tube Tamponade

Alternative Emergency Management Options

Long-Term Management

Alternative Long-Term Management Options

Surgical Shunts

Liver Transplantation

Injection Sclerotherapy

Emergency Sclerotherapy

Complications

Endoscopic Variceal Band Ligation

Complications

Gastric Varices

Conclusion

Suggested Readings

PART G Surgery of the Small Intestine

Chapter 135 Small Bowel Obstruction

Introduction

Etiology and Pathophysiology

Clinical Presentation

Conservative Therapy

Indications and Contraindications

Preoperative Planning

Surgical Technique

Postoperative Care

Complications and Their Management

Outcome

Suggested Readings

Chapter 136 Metabolic Surgery and Intestinal Bypass for Hypercholesterolemia

Metabolic Surgery and the Metabolic Syndrome

Basic Research Antecedents

Atherosclerosis and Hypercholesterolemia

Surgical Technique of Partial Ileal Bypass

Special Surgical Considerations

Clinical Results with Partial Ileal Bypass

Mortality and Morbidity

Conclusions

Suggested Readings

Chapter 137 The Continent Ileostomy

Introduction

Historical Background and Rationale

Current Indications and Contraindications

The Operation

Postoperative and Posthospitalization Care

Results

Revisional Surgery

Pouchitis Syndrome

Quality of Life

Acknowledgments

Suggested Readings

Chapter 138 Technique of Ileostomy Construction and Closure

Introduction

Preoperative Planning

Surgical Technique

Postoperative Care

Complications and Management

Suggested Readings

Chapter 139 Gastrointestinal-Cutaneous Fistulas

Etiology and Prevention

Spontaneous Enterocutaneous Fistulas

Clinical Presentation

Nutritional Support

Nutritional Status

Management

Phase I: Stabilization

Drainage of Sepsis

Control of Fistula Drainage and Skin Care

Reduction of Fistula Output

Nutritional Support

Phase II: Investigation

Phase III: Decision

Phase IV: Definitive Therapy

Phase V: Healing

Duodenal Fistulas

The Influence of Artificial Feeding on Mortality of Gastrointestinal Cutaneous Fistulas

Suggested Readings

Chapter 140 Surgical Treatment of Small Bowel Crohn Disease

Etiology and Pathophysiology

Clinical Presentation

Indications and Contraindications

Preoperative Planning

Site-Specific Disease

Surgical Technique and Outcomes

Postoperative Care

Complications and Their Management

Outcomes

Conclusion

Suggested Readings

PART H Surgery of the Colon

Chapter 141 Clinical Anatomy for Procedures Involving the Small Bowel, Colon, Rectum, and Anus

Introduction

Small Bowel Anatomy for Colorectal Procedures

Cecum and Appendix

Ascending Colon

Transverse Colon

Descending Colon

Sigmoid Colon

Blood Supply of the Colon

Lymphoid Drainage and Innervation of the Colon

The Ureters

Omentum

Rectum

Anus

Anorectal Blood Supply

Lymphatic Drainage of the Anorectum

Innervation of the Anorectum

Suggested Readings

Chapter 142 The Appendix

Introduction

Anatomy

Acute Appendicitis

Special Considerations

Appendiceal Tumors

Suggested Readings

Chapter 143 Large Bowel Obstruction

Etiology and Pathophysiology

Clinical Presentation

Indications and Contraindications

Preoperative Planning

Surgical Technique

Postoperative Care

Complications and Their Management

Outcomes

Suggested Readings

Chapter 144 Surgical Treatment of Colonic and Perianal Crohn Disease

Colonic Crohn Disease

Perianal Crohn Disease

Conclusion

Suggested Readings

Chapter 145 Surgery for Toxic Megacolon

Etiology and Pathophysiology

Initial Presentation

Indications and Contraindications

Preoperative Planning

Surgical Technique

Postoperative Care

Complications and Their Management

Outcomes

Suggested Readings

Chapter 146 Total Proctocolectomy and Inter-Sphincteric Proctectomy for Benign Disease

Indications for Total Abdominal Proctocolectomy and Intersphincteric Proctectomy for Benign Disease

Preoperative Planning

Surgical Technique

Postoperative Care

Postoperative Complications

Conclusions

Suggested Readings

Chapter 147 Ileoanal Pouch Procedure for Ulcerative Colitis and Familial Adenomatous Polyposis

Introduction

Clinical Presentation

Indications and Contraindications

Preoperative Planning

Surgical Technique

Postoperative Care

Complications and Their Management

Outcome

Suggested Readings

Chapter 148 Total Colectomy and Ileorectal Anastomosis

Introduction

Indications for Total Colectomy with Ileorectal Anastomosis

Surgical Technique

Postoperative Management

Complications

Outcomes

Suggested Readings

Chapter 149 Surgery for Diverticulitis

Etiology and Pathophysiology

Clinical Presentation

Management of Uncomplicated Diverticulitis and Indications for Surgery

Complicated Diverticulitis

Surgical Technique and Preoperative Assessment

Postoperative Care

Outcome After Resection

Conclusion

Suggested Readings

Chapter 150 Technique of Colostomy Construction and Closure

Introduction

Indications

Preoperative Planning

Approach and Exposure

Preparing the Colon

Preparing the Stoma Site

Construction Techniques

Prophylactic Mesh Placement with Permanent End Colostomy

Special Considerations

Cecostomy

Colostomy Closure

Postoperative Care

Acute Postoperative Complications and Their Management

Acknowledgment

Suggested Readings

Chapter 151 Care of Stomas

Stoma Anatomy and Physiology

Stoma Complications

Peristomal Skin Complications

Conclusions

Chapter 152 Open and Minimally Invasive Right Hemicolectomy for Cancer

Introduction

Clinical Presentation

Indications and Contraindications

Preoperative Planning

Surgical Technique

Postoperative Care

Extent of Lymphadenectomy

Outcomes

Complications

Conclusion

Suggested Readings

Chapter 153 Open and Minimally Invasive Left Hemicolectomy for Neoplasms of the Descending Colon, Sigmoid, and Upper Rectum

Left Colectomy for Neoplasms of the Descending Colon, Sigmoid, and Upper Rectum

Complications

Suggested Readings

Chapter 154 Historical Perspectives on Total Mesorectal Excision

Introduction

Basic Principles

Historical Considerations

Redefinition of Miles’ “Highly Dangerous Tissues”

The Embryologic Basis of Cancer Surgery—Exemplified by Colorectal Cancer

The Mesorectum for the Surgeon—The Planes of the Pelvis

Audit of the Mesorectum by the Pathologist

Multidisciplinary Team Management

Critical MRI Decisions in Lower-Third Cancers

Summary of the Multidisciplinary Team Sequence

Open Surgery

Management of the Anorectum Distal to the Cancer—Stapling Techniques

The “Building Blocks” of the Cancer Specimen

Conclusion

Suggested Readings

Chapter 154a Advances in Total Mesorectal Excision

History of Rectal Cancer Treatment

Acknowledgments

Suggested Readings

Chapter 155 Open and Minimally Invasive Sphincter-Preserving Radical Resection for Malignant Disease of the Middle and Lower Thirds of the Rectum

Introduction

Anatomy

Clinical Presentation

Indications and Contraindications

Preoperative Planning

Surgical Technique

Postoperative Care

Complications and Their Management

Outcomes

Suggested Readings

Chapter 156 Abdominoperineal Resection for Rectal Cancer

Historical Perspective

Indications and Contraindications

Preoperative Planning

Surgical Technique

Postoperative Care

Management of Complications

Outcomes

Suggested Readings

Chapter 157 Abdominoperineal Resection for Rectal Cancer

Introduction

Clinical Presentation

Indications and Contraindications

Workup and Multidisciplinary Treatment Planning

Shifting Paradigm Regarding Perineal Margin

Preoperative Planning

Surgical Technique

Postoperative Care

Complications

Conclusion

Suggested Readings

Chapter 158 The Approach to Reoperative Pelvic Surgery in Rectal Cancer

Etiology and Pathophysiology

Clinical Presentation

Indications and Contraindications

Preoperative Considerations

Surgical Technique

Postoperative Care

Complications, Management, and Outcomes

Summary

Suggested Readings

Chapter 159 Sacral Resection for Recurrent Rectal Cancers

Introduction

Etiology and Incidence

Clinical Presentation

Preoperative Assessment and Investigations

Clinical Assessment

Indications and Contraindications

Surgery

Classification

Sacrectomy: The Abdominopelvic Phase

Postoperative Care

Complications and Their Management

Prognosis and Survival

Suggested Readings

Chapter 160 Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for Cancers of the Appendix and Colon

Introduction

Suggested Readings

Chapter 161 Management of Retrorectal Tumors

Etiology and Pathophysiology

Clinical Presentation

Indications and Contraindications

Preoperative Planning

Surgical Technique

Postoperative Care

Complications and Their Management

Outcomes

Summary

Suggested Readings

Chapter 162 Rectal Prolapse: The Open Abdominal Approach

Anatomy and Etiology

Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis

Indications for Operation

Preoperative Evaluation

Bowel Preparation

Well’s Repair

Technique

Postoperative Care

Operative Technique of Sigmoid Resection and Suture Proctopexy

Mobilization of Sigmoid Colon and Rectum

Entering the Retrorectal Space (Posterior Mobilization)

Sweeping the Ureters and Pelvic Nerves

Anterior Mobilization

Resection of the Redundant Sigmoid and Anastomosis

Placement of Proctopexy Sutures

Postoperative Management

Complications: Their Prevention and Management

Results of Operative Treatment of Rectal Procidentia

Occult (Hidden) Rectal Prolapse

Suggested Readings

Chapter 163 Rectal Prolapse

Definitions

Epidemiology and Cause

Clinical Presentation

Surgical Treatment

Preoperative Planning

Surgical Technique

Postoperative Management

Complications

Suggested Readings

Chapter 164 Anorectal Disorders

Clinical Presentation

Causes

Diagnosis

Treatment: Conservative

Surgical Technique

Clinical Presentation

Causes

Diagnosis

Surgical Technique

Clinical Presentation

Causes

Diagnosis

Treatment

Clinical Presentation

Complications

Causes

Diagnosis

Treatment

Complications of Conventional Hemorrhoidectomy

Clinical Presentation

Causes

Diagnosis

Treatment

Clinical Presentation

Causes

Diagnosis

Treatment

Clinical Presentation

Causes

Diagnosis

Treatment

Clinical Presentation

Causes

Diagnosis

Treatment

Clinical Presentation

Causes

Diagnosis

Treatment

Suggested Readings

Chapter 165 Transanal Excision of Rectal Neoplasms

History and Evolution of Transanal Excision

Clinical Workup

Indications and Contraindications

Special Circumstances and Controversies

Preoperative Planning

Surgical Technique

Management of Complications

Clinical Outcomes

Functional Outcomes

Suggested Readings

Chapter 166 Functional Bowel Disorders

Incontinence

Rectal Prolapse

Megabowel

Slow Transit Constipation

Outlet Obstruction

Suggested Readings

Chapter 167 Groin Dissection

Pathophysiology and Anatomy

Clinical Presentation and Indications

Preoperative Planning

Technical Modifications

Postoperative Course

Minimally Invasive Lymphadenectomy

Inguinofemoral Lymphadenectomy

Robotic Pelvic Lymphadenectomy

Summary

Chapter 168 Transanal Pull-Through for Hirschsprung Disease

Etiology and Pathophysiology

Clinical Presentation

Surgical Management

Preoperative Planning and Preparation

Important Anatomical Considerations

Surgical Technique

Postoperative Care

Complications and Their Management

Outcomes

Suggested Readings

Chapter 169 Neonatal Enterocolitis and Short Bowel Syndrome

Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Short Bowel Syndrome

Suggested Readings

SECTION VIII Nongastrointestinal Transabdominal Surgery

PART A The Spleen

Chapter 170 Laparoscopic Splenectomy

Dangers of the Asplenic State

Splenic Function

Splenic Anatomy

Surgical Incisions

Open Splenectomy

Immune Thrombocytopenia Purpura (ITP)

Postoperative Splenic Bleeding

Laparoscopic Splenectomy

Laparoscopic Splenectomy with Portal Hypertension

Operative Splenic Salvage After Injury

Surgical Technique

Suggested Readings

PART B The Urinary Tract and Bladder

Chapter 171 Anatomy of the Kidneys, Ureter, and Bladder

Kidneys

Ureter

Bladder

Suggested Readings

Chapter 172 Surgical Management of Nephrolithiasis

Introduction

Preoperative Evaluation

Patient and Treatment Selection

Surgical Interventions

Take Home Points

Suggested Readings

Chapter 173 Operations on the Ureteropelvic Junction

Anderson–Hynes Dismembered Pyeloplasty

Foley YV-Plasty

Culp-Deweerd Pelvic Flap Pyeloplasty

Davis Intubated Ureterotomy

Suggested Readings

Chapter 174 Radical Nephrectomy for Renal Cell Cancer

Introduction

Pathology

Etiology/Genetics

Clinical Presentation

Diagnosis

Staging

Preoperative Evaluation

Treatment

Incisions

Open Radical Nephrectomy

Radical Nephrectomy with Infrahepatic Vena Caval Involvement

Open Partial Nephrectomy

Laparoscopic Radical Nephrectomy

Minimally Invasive Partial Nephrectomy

Postoperative Management

Long-Term Follow-Up

Complications

Suggested Readings

Chapter 175 Radical Cystectomy and Orthotopic Urinary Diversion for Bladder Cancer

Introduction

Anatomy

Clinical Presentation

Diagnosis

Treatment and Indications for Cystectomy

Choice of Urinary Diversion

Preoperative Planning

Radical Cystectomy and Extended Lymphadenectomy: Surgical Technique in the Male and Female Patients

Orthotopic Lower Urinary Tract Reconstruction

Surgical Technique

Postoperative Management

Complications

Outcome

Conclusions

Suggested Readings

Chapter 176 Laparoscopic Pelvic and Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection

Laparoscopic Pelic Lymphadenectomy

Laparoscopic Retroperitoneal Lymphadenectomy

Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Retroperitoneal Lymphadenectomy

Summary

Suggested Readings

Chapter 177 Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy

Introduction

Anatomical Considerations

Indications and Contraindications

Preoperative Planning

Surgical Technique

Outcomes

Suggested Readings

Chapter 178 The Undescended Testis

Etiology and Pathophysiology

Clinical Presentation

Indications and Preoperative Planning

Surgical Technique

Complications

Outcomes

Suggested Readings

Chapter 179 Surgical Management of Wilms Tumor

Etiology and Pathophysiology

Clinical Presentation

Preoperative Planning

Treatment

Surgical Technique

Postoperative Management

Complications and Their Management

Outcomes

Suggested Readings

Chapter 180 Genitourinary Tract Trauma

Introduction

Renal Trauma

Indications for Surgical Exploration

Parenchymal Injury

Vascular Injury

Renal Exploration and Reconstruction

Vascular Injury and Repair

Postoperative Care and Complications

Use of Interventional Radiology Techniques in Renal Trauma

Complications of Renal Injuries

Ureteral Injury

Penile Trauma

Conclusions

Suggested Readings

Chapter 181 Supravesical Urinary Diversion

Introduction

Indications

Preoperative Planning

Surgical Technique

Postoperative Management

Complications

Conclusions

Suggested Readings

PART C Gynecologic Surgery

Chapter 182 Cesarean Delivery

Background

Indications

Risks

Subsequent Outcomes

Preoperative Planning

Surgical Technique

Postoperative Management

Summary of Recommendations

Suggested Readings

Chapter 183 Abdominal Hysterectomy

Introduction

Indications

Surgical Technique

Postoperative Care

Complications and Their Management

Summary

Suggested Readings

Chapter 184 Radical Hysterectomy

Introduction

Steps

Radical Hysterectomy

Pelvic Lymphadenectomy

Classification of Radical Hysterectomy

Robotic-Assisted Radical Hysterectomy

Postoperative Management

Intraoperative Complications

Postoperative Complications

Suggested Readings

Chapter 185 Surgical Management of Ovarian Carcinoma

Introduction: The Pathogenesis of Epithelial Ovarian Tumors

Patterns of Metastatic Disease

Suggested Readings

Chapter 186 Anterior and Posterior Colporrhaphy

Cystocele

Cystocele and the Paravaginal Defect

Differential Diagnosis of Anterior Segment Defects

Symptoms

Anatomic Supports of the Vagina, Bladder, and Urethra

Findings on Physical Examination

Planning a Surgical Repair

Surgical Technique

Postoperative Management

Rectocele on Perineal Relaxation

Symptoms

Anatomic Considerations

Findings on Physical Examination

Surgical Principles

Technique of Posterior Colporrhaphy and Perineorrhaphy

Postoperative Management

Suggested Readings

PART D Surgery of the Hernia

Chapter 187 Surgical Anatomy of the Hernial Rings

Layers of the Anterolateral Abdominal Wall

Epigastric Hernia

Umbilical Hernia

Spigelian Hernia

Groin Hernia

Posterolateral Abdominal Wall (Lumbar Area)

Incisional Hernia

Pelvic Walls

Sciatic Hernia Rings

Obturator Hernia Ring

Perineum

Perineal Hernia Ring

Diaphragm

Peritoneal Cavity

Suggested Readings

Chapter 188 Overview of Inguinal and Femoral Hernia Repairs

Etiology and Pathophysiology

Anatomy

Clinical Presentation

Indications and Contraindications

Preoperative Planning

Surgical Technique

Open Prosthetic Repair

Laparoscopic Prosthetic Repair

Suggested Readings

Chapter 189 The Shouldice Method of Inguinal Herniorrhaphy

Historical Background

General Principles

Surgical Principles

Technical Aspects of the Shouldice Repair

Postoperative Period

Results and Follow-Up Data

Complications

Major Complications

Suggested Readings

Chapter 190 Iliopubic Tract Repair of Inguinal Hernia: The Anterior (Inguinal Canal) Approach

Indications

Preparation, Incision, and Exposure of the Hernia

Repair of an Indirect Inguinal Hernia

Repair of a Direct Inguinal Hernia

Relaxing Incision

Complete Inguinal Hernia

Wound Closure

Convalescence

Suggested Readings

Chapter 191 Iliopubic Tract Repair of Inguinal and Femoral Hernia: The Posterior (Preperitoneal) Approach

Surgical Anatomy

Laminar Structure of the Inguinal Region

Transversalis Fascia

Iliopubic Tract

Transversalis Crura and Sling of the Internal (Abdominal) Inguinal Ring

Layers in the Hesselbach Triangle

A Classification of Groin Hernia

Posterior Approach and Iliopubic Tract Repair Indications

Contraindications

Technique

General Remarks

Use of Prosthetic Material for Recurrent Hernia

Results of Treatment

Individualizing the Approach

Suggested Readings

Chapter 192 Kugel Technique of Groin Hernia Repair

Introduction

Indications

Patient’s Selection

The Mesh Patch

Operative Procedure

Patient Preparation

Surgical Technique

Incision

Preperitoneal Dissection

Recurrent Hernia

Femoral Hernias

Postoperative Management

Results

Complications

Miscellaneous Complications

Discussion

Summary

Suggested Readings

Chapter 193 Generations of the Plug-and-Patch Repair: Its Development and Lessons from History

Introduction

Lessons from History—Suture Repairs

Tension-Free Mesh Repairs

Anatomical and Functional Considerations

Principles of Hernia Repair

Quality-of-Life Issues

Current Technique

Results

Suggested Readings

Chapter 194 Postherniorrhaphy Inguinodynia: Causes, Prevention, and Surgical Treatment: Triple Neurectomy

Background

Groin Neuroanatomy Within the Inguinal Canal

Causes of Neuropathic Pain

Surgical Treatment of Neuropathic Pain

Indication for Triple Neurectomy and Results

Postherniorrhaphy Orchialgia

Chronic Pain After Open and Laparoscopic Preperitoneal Hernia Repairs

Conclusion

Suggested Readings

SECTION IX Vascular Surgery

PART A Cerebrovascular Disease

Chapter 195 Carotid Bifurcation Disease: Carotid Endarterectomy and Stenting

Etiology and Pathophysiology

Clinical Presentation

Indications and Contraindications

Preoperative Planning

Surgical Technique

Postoperative Care

Complications

Outcomes

Conclusion

Suggested Readings

Chapter 196 Brachiocephalic Reconstruction: Open and Endovascular

Etiology and Pathophysiology

Clinical Presentation

Diagnosis

Patient Selection for Intervention

Open Surgical Reconstruction

Innominate Artery Reconstruction

Innominate Endarterectomy

Innominate Artery Bypass

Right Subclavian Bypass

Direct Reconstruction of Innominate or Subclavian Aneurysm

Direct Reconstruction of Multiple Aortic Arch Vessels

Carotid Subclavian Bypass

Subclavian Artery Transposition

Endovascular Reconstruction

Left Subclavian Intervention

Innominate Artery Intervention

Postoperative Care After Endovascular Intervention

Outcomes

Chapter 197 Carotid Body Tumors

Pathology

Clinical Presentation

Natural History and Indications for Surgery

Preoperative Planning

Surgical Technique

Postoperative Management

Radiation Therapy

Complications

Results

Suggested Readings

PART B Aneurysmal Disease

Chapter 198 Open Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair

Introduction

Etiology

Classification and Natural History

Clinical Presentation and Preoperative Evaluation

Patient Selection and Preoperative Evaluation

Cardiac and Pulmonary Risk Stratification

Surgical Treatment

Technical Components

Results of Treatment and Complications

Suggested Readings

Chapter 199 Open Infrarenal and Pararenal Aortic Aneurysm Repair

Infrarenal and Pararenal Aortic Aneurysms: Open

Introduction

Etiology and Pathophysiology

Clinical Presentation

Indications and Contraindications

Preoperative Planning

Surgical Technique (Including Diagrams)

Postoperative Care and Complications

Outcomes of Juxta and Pararenal Open Aneurysm Repair

Acknowledgment

Suggested Readings

Chapter 200 Endovascular Repair of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms

Technical Considerations

Operative Technique

Postoperative Surveillance

Endoluminal Repair of Juxta- and Suprarenal Aortic Aneurysm

Acknowledgment

Suggested Readings

Chapter 201 Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms

Historical Perspectives

Pathophysiology

Clinical Presentation

Initial Management and Triage

Endovascular Repair of Ruptured AAA

The Fundamentals of Rupture Evar

Endovascular Setup and Techniques

Evidence for Ruptured Evar

Secondary Interventions

Rupture After Evar

Complications of Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair

Suggested Readings

Chapter 202 Femoral and Popliteal Artery Aneurysms

Femoral Artery Aneurysms

Suggested Readings

Chapter 203 Treatment of Splenic Artery Aneurysms: Open and Endovascular

Etiology and Pathophysiology

Clinical Presentation and Natural History

Indications for Intervention

Preoperative Planning

Open Surgical Technique

Endovascular Surgical Technique

Complications and Their Management

Outcomes

Suggested Readings

PART C Chronic Lower Extremity Occlusive Disease

Chapter 204 Aortofemoral Bypass

Introduction

Indications

Preoperative Assessment

Surgical Technique

Complications

Postoperative Management

Suggested Readings

Chapter 205 Aortoiliac Occlusive Disease: Extraanatomic Bypass

Introduction

Indications and Contraindications

Preoperative Planning

Surgical Technique

Postoperative Care

Complications

Outcomes

Conclusion

Suggested Readings

Chapter 206 Endovascular Procedures for Aortoiliac Occlusive Disease

Etiology and Pathophysiology

Clinical Presentation

Indications and Contraindications

Preoperative Planning

Surgical Technique

Postoperative Care

Complications and Their Management

Outcomes

Suggested Readings

Chapter 207 Reversed Vein Bypass Grafts to Popliteal, Tibial, and Peroneal Arteries

Clinical Presentation

Diagnosis

Preoperative Assessment

Indications for Infrainguinal Bypass

Anatomy

Surgical Technique

Complications

Postoperative Management

Conclusions

Suggested Readings

Chapter 208 Peripheral Arterial Disease: Prosthetic Bypass

Introduction

Preoperative Planning

Graft Materials and Properties

Strategies for Improving Prosthetic Graft Function

Graft Complications

Graft Surveillance

Conclusion

Suggested Readings

Chapter 209 Dorsalis Pedis, Tarsal, and Plantar Artery Bypass

Introduction

Clinical Presentation

Indications and Contraindications

Preoperative Planning

Surgical Technique

Postoperative Care

Complications and Their Management

Outcomes

Conclusion

Suggested Readings

Chapter 210 Peripheral Vascular Occlusive Disease: Endovascular

Patient Selection

Preoperative Imaging

Procedural Details

Outcomes

Complications

Summary

Chapter 211 Minor Amputations

Introduction

Diabetes Mellitus and Foot Ulceration

Treatment

Indications

Surgical Technique

Complications

Acknowledgment

Suggested Readings

Chapter 212 Major Lower Extremity Amputation

Introduction

Indications

Preoperative Planning

Surgical Technique

Postoperative Management/Complications

Functional Outcomes

Natural History

Suggested Readings

Chapter 213 The Prevention and Treatment of Problems with the Diabetic Foot

Introduction

Pathophysiology

The Skilled Professional Team in Diabetic Foot Care

Prevention of Occult Injury to the Diabetic Foot

Treatments for Diabetic Foot Ulcers

Clinical Situations

Holistic Care of the Diabetic Patient

Summary

Suggested Readings

PART D Acute Lower Extremity Ischemia

Chapter 214 Embolectomy

Epidemiology and Brief Pathophysiology

Anatomy, Diagnosis, and Indications

Peri- and Postoperative Medical Therapy for Acute Limb Ischemia

Operative Setting, Techniques, and Exposure

Postoperative Management and Complications

Suggested Readings

Chapter 215 Fasciotomy

Etiology and Pathophysiology

Clinical Presentation

Indications and Contraindications

Preoperative Planning

Surgical Technique

Postoperative Care

Complications and Their Management

Outcomes

Suggested Readings

PART E Mesenteric and Renal Artery Disease

Chapter 216 Renal Artery Occlusive Disease: Open and Endovascular Management

Etiology and Pathophysiology

Clinical Presentation

Preoperative Planning

Endovascular Repair

Open Repair

Results of Renal Artery Intervention and Outcomes

Suggested Readings

Chapter 217 Acute Mesenteric Artery Ischemia: Open and Endovascular

Etiology and Pathophysiology

Clinical Presentation

Indications and Contraindications

Preoperative Planning

Surgical Technique—Open

Surgical Technique—Endovascular

Postoperative Care

Complications and Their Management

Outcomes

Suggested Readings

Chapter 218 Techniques of Open and Endovascular Revascularization to Treat Chronic Mesenteric Ischemia

Background

Pathophysiology, Etiology, and Natural History

Clinical Presentation

Diagnostic Imaging

Treatment Strategies

Open Surgical Revascularization

Endovascular Revascularization

Results

Patient Survival

Nonatheromatous Problems

Summary

Suggested Readings

PART F Vascular Infection

Chapter 219 Mycotic Aneurysms

Etiology and Pathophysiology

Clinical Presentation

Diagnosis

Management

Nonaortic Aneurysms

Management of Aortitis and Mycotic Aortic Aneurysms

Role of Endovascular Techniques

Outcomes

Suggested Readings

Chapter 220 Surgical Management of Aortic Graft Infections

Introduction

Etiology and Pathophysiology

Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis

Preoperative Planning

Surgical Technique

Choice of Reconstruction

In Situ Vein Reconstruction

Reconstruction Using Nonautologous Materials

Outcomes

Suggested Readings

PART G Venous Disorders

Chapter 221 Contemporary Operative Venous Thrombectomy

Introduction

Technique of Operative Venous Thrombectomy

Preoperative Patient Evaluation and Planning

Surgical Technique

Postoperative Management

Summary

Suggested Readings

Chapter 222 Acute Deep Venous Thrombosis: Endovascular

Introduction

Etiology and Pathophysiology

Clinical Presentation

Standard of Care for Deep Venous Thrombosis

Indications and Contraindications to Thrombolysis

Preoperative Planning

Surgical Technique

Site-Specific Treatment of Deep Venous Thrombosis

Postoperative Care

Outcomes

Summary

Suggested Readings

Chapter 223 Chronic Deep Vein Thrombosis/Postthrombotic Syndrome: Open and Endovascular Treatment

Introduction

Treatment

Suggested Readings

Chapter 224 Vena Cava Filter Placement

Introduction

Indications for Filter Placement

Types of Available Vena Cava Filters

Preprocedure Evaluation

Anatomic Variations of the IVC Affecting Filter Placement

Fluoroscopically Guided Inferior Vena Cava Filter Placement

Ultrasound-Guided Inferior Vena Cava Filter Placement

Suprarenal and Superior Vena Cava Filter Placement

The Prepic Trials

Retrievable Filters

Complications

Suggested Readings

Chapter 225 Venous Insufficiency

Etiology and Pathophysiology

Clinical Presentation

Treatment of Superficial Venous Insufficiency

Complications and Their Management

Treatment for Deep Venous Insufficiency

Outcomes

Suggested Readings

PART H Dialysis Access

Chapter 226 Autogenous Arteriovenous Hemodialysis Access

Introduction

Determination of Autogenous Access Configuration

Preoperative Evaluation

Operative Technique

Postoperative Management

Complications

Evaluation of Patients with Complex Access Problems

Strategies to Maintain Access

Alternative Strategies for Renal Replacement Therapy

Suggested Readings

Chapter 227 Hemodialysis Access-Prosthetic Arteriovenous Access

Indications

Preoperative Planning

Access Location Selection

Surgical Technique

Postoperative Care

Complications and Their Management

Outcomes of AVG

Suggested Readings

PART I Thoracic

Chapter 228 Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

Anatomy

Clinical Presentation

Diagnosis

Initial Treatment

Indications for Surgery and Preoperative Planning

Surgical Technique

Postoperative Management

Complications

Suggested Readings

Chapter 229 Thoracic Aortic Transection

Anatomy, Natural History, and Clinical Presentation

Indications and Timing of Intervention

Conventional Open Repair

Thoracic Aortic Endovascular Repair (TEVAR)

Conclusions

Suggested Readings

PART J Trauma

Chapter 230 Vascular Injuries to the Neck, Including the Subclavian Vessels

Background

Historical Perspective

General Approach—Anatomic Zones

Etiology/Epidemiology

Management—Operating Room Setup/Hybrid Setup

Management—Zone I Penetrating Injury

Management—Zone II Penetrating Injury

Management—Zone III Penetrating Injury

Management—Blunt Vascular Injury

Vertebral Artery Trauma

Summary

Suggested Readings

Chapter 231 Injury to the Abdomen: Open and Endovascular

Introduction

Anatomy and Pathophysiology

Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis

Preoperative Planning

Indications and Initial Surgical Management

Surgical Technique—Open

Injuries in the Porta Hepatis

Surgical Technique—Endovascular

Postoperative Care

Complications and Their Management

Suggested Readings

Chapter 232 Injury to the Extremities: Open and Endovascular Management

Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Assessment

Etiology and Pathophysiology

Epidemiology, Amputation, and Mortality

Repair Indications and Nonoperative Management

Preoperative Planning

Surgical Technique (Including Diagrams)

Upper Extremity

Lower Extremity

Endovascular Treatment

Postoperative Care and Complications

Suggested Readings

Index

 

An aparitie	2018
Autor	Josef Fischer
Dimensiuni	23.5 x 14 x 29.8 cm
Editura	LWW
Format	Hardback
ISBN	9781469897189
Limba	Engleza
Nr pag	2856
Versiune digitala	DA